Pub Date : 2018-12-12DOI: 10.13110/merrpalmquar1982.66.2.viii
M. D. Galián, Ester Ato, M. A. Fernández-Vilar, Marie‐Ève Bélanger, Kim Desrosiers, A. Bernier, R. Etkin, J. Bowker, A. Frazer, John L. Cooley, Paula J. Fite, Jonathan L. Poquiz, Stephanie E. Miller, Rachael E. Reavis, Brittany N. Avila
Abstract:The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between effortful control and language performance, and the mediation effect of sociometric status on this relationship. The sample comprised 472 Spanish children 6–8 years old. To measure temperament, the parents were given the Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire (TMCQ). The nomination method was used in the classroom context to measure social acceptance and rejection, whereas language performance was reported by the teachers at the end of the academic year. The results confirmed the positive relationship between effortful control and language performance. By using a causal mediation analysis, we found a mediation effect for both variables, which confirms the significant effect of self-regulatory skills on the integration of children in their group, and this social adjustment / maladjustment being what determines language performance.
{"title":"Consulting Editors July 1, 2018, through October 1, 2018","authors":"M. D. Galián, Ester Ato, M. A. Fernández-Vilar, Marie‐Ève Bélanger, Kim Desrosiers, A. Bernier, R. Etkin, J. Bowker, A. Frazer, John L. Cooley, Paula J. Fite, Jonathan L. Poquiz, Stephanie E. Miller, Rachael E. Reavis, Brittany N. Avila","doi":"10.13110/merrpalmquar1982.66.2.viii","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13110/merrpalmquar1982.66.2.viii","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between effortful control and language performance, and the mediation effect of sociometric status on this relationship. The sample comprised 472 Spanish children 6–8 years old. To measure temperament, the parents were given the Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire (TMCQ). The nomination method was used in the classroom context to measure social acceptance and rejection, whereas language performance was reported by the teachers at the end of the academic year. The results confirmed the positive relationship between effortful control and language performance. By using a causal mediation analysis, we found a mediation effect for both variables, which confirms the significant effect of self-regulatory skills on the integration of children in their group, and this social adjustment / maladjustment being what determines language performance.","PeriodicalId":51470,"journal":{"name":"Merrill-Palmer Quarterly-Journal of Developmental Psychology","volume":"64 1","pages":"309 - 328 - 329 - 346 - 347 - 375 - 376 - 396 - 397 - 426 - ii - ii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45251613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-09DOI: 10.13110/MERRPALMQUAR1982.64.1.0162
Wendy Troop-Gordon, Stephen A. Erath
Abstract:The articles in this special issue represent progress toward a more comprehensive developmental model of peer victimization and neurobiology. In this commentary, we highlight features of each article that reveal nuances in such a developmental model as related to sex, form of peer victimization, developmental course and period, and neurobiological response system and stimulus. We also encourage further research with an emphasis on longitudinal studies that cross developmental periods and elucidate directions of causality and mechanisms of change, expanded attention to individual and environmental variables that may explain or contextualize effects, assessments of multiple neurobiological systems, and tests of replication, as well as innovation. We acknowledge the challenges of such research and thank the authors for their important contributions to the literature on peer victimization and neurobiology.
{"title":"Peer Victimization and Neurobiological Models: Building Toward Comprehensive Developmental Theories","authors":"Wendy Troop-Gordon, Stephen A. Erath","doi":"10.13110/MERRPALMQUAR1982.64.1.0162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13110/MERRPALMQUAR1982.64.1.0162","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The articles in this special issue represent progress toward a more comprehensive developmental model of peer victimization and neurobiology. In this commentary, we highlight features of each article that reveal nuances in such a developmental model as related to sex, form of peer victimization, developmental course and period, and neurobiological response system and stimulus. We also encourage further research with an emphasis on longitudinal studies that cross developmental periods and elucidate directions of causality and mechanisms of change, expanded attention to individual and environmental variables that may explain or contextualize effects, assessments of multiple neurobiological systems, and tests of replication, as well as innovation. We acknowledge the challenges of such research and thank the authors for their important contributions to the literature on peer victimization and neurobiology.","PeriodicalId":51470,"journal":{"name":"Merrill-Palmer Quarterly-Journal of Developmental Psychology","volume":"64 1","pages":"162 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45347537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-09DOI: 10.13110/MERRPALMQUAR1982.64.1.0070
Stephen Ungvary, Kristina L. McDonald, C. Gibson, A. Glenn, Albert H. A. Reijntjes
Abstract:The goal of this study was to examine how individual differences in physiological arousal and reactivity moderated the relation between peer victimization and reactive and proactive aggression. Participants were 58 adolescents (61.2% boys; 54.9% African American) in the age range of 12–15. Participants self-reported peer victimization, reactive aggression, and proactive aggression. Cortisol and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) were measured from participants before and during an online game in which they were socially rejected by unfamiliar peers. Results indicated that the relation between peer victimization with reactive aggression was significant and positive at low levels of resting RSA and when RSA withdrawal after rejection was high. The association between peer victimization with reactive and proactive aggression was also significant and positive at high levels of anticipatory cortisol. Findings provide further insight into the moderating role that physiological processes may have in understanding individual differences to peer adversity.
{"title":"Victimized by Peers and Aggressive: The Moderating Role of Physiological Arousal and Reactivity","authors":"Stephen Ungvary, Kristina L. McDonald, C. Gibson, A. Glenn, Albert H. A. Reijntjes","doi":"10.13110/MERRPALMQUAR1982.64.1.0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13110/MERRPALMQUAR1982.64.1.0070","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The goal of this study was to examine how individual differences in physiological arousal and reactivity moderated the relation between peer victimization and reactive and proactive aggression. Participants were 58 adolescents (61.2% boys; 54.9% African American) in the age range of 12–15. Participants self-reported peer victimization, reactive aggression, and proactive aggression. Cortisol and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) were measured from participants before and during an online game in which they were socially rejected by unfamiliar peers. Results indicated that the relation between peer victimization with reactive aggression was significant and positive at low levels of resting RSA and when RSA withdrawal after rejection was high. The association between peer victimization with reactive and proactive aggression was also significant and positive at high levels of anticipatory cortisol. Findings provide further insight into the moderating role that physiological processes may have in understanding individual differences to peer adversity.","PeriodicalId":51470,"journal":{"name":"Merrill-Palmer Quarterly-Journal of Developmental Psychology","volume":"64 1","pages":"100 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41404195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-09DOI: 10.13110/MERRPALMQUAR1982.64.1.0135
Theresa A. McIver, R. Bosma, A. Sandre, S. Goegan, J. Klassen, Julian Chiarella, L. Booij, W. Craig
Abstract:Peer victimization is associated with increased risk for mental health problems. These adverse psychological outcomes are linked with altered cognitive and emotional processes and their related neural functioning. In the present study, by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined whether peer victimization was associated with heightened neural response to social exclusion. Participants (N = 45; Mage = 17.7 years, SD = 0.60; 36 women) included three mutually exclusive groups: peer-victimized individuals (targets of bullying), cyberdefenders (defended peers who were being cyberbullied), and controls (not involved as targets or cyberdefenders). All participants underwent an fMRI scan while playing Cyberball, an experimental paradigm that simulates social exclusion. Peer victimization was associated with increased neural response in the left amygdala, left parahippocampal gyrus, left inferior frontal operculum, and right fusiform gyrus. Understanding the acute neural response to social exclusion in peer-victimized individuals may provide insight into their increased risk for poor mental health.
{"title":"Peer Victimization Is Associated With Neural Response to Social Exclusion","authors":"Theresa A. McIver, R. Bosma, A. Sandre, S. Goegan, J. Klassen, Julian Chiarella, L. Booij, W. Craig","doi":"10.13110/MERRPALMQUAR1982.64.1.0135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13110/MERRPALMQUAR1982.64.1.0135","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Peer victimization is associated with increased risk for mental health problems. These adverse psychological outcomes are linked with altered cognitive and emotional processes and their related neural functioning. In the present study, by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined whether peer victimization was associated with heightened neural response to social exclusion. Participants (N = 45; Mage = 17.7 years, SD = 0.60; 36 women) included three mutually exclusive groups: peer-victimized individuals (targets of bullying), cyberdefenders (defended peers who were being cyberbullied), and controls (not involved as targets or cyberdefenders). All participants underwent an fMRI scan while playing Cyberball, an experimental paradigm that simulates social exclusion. Peer victimization was associated with increased neural response in the left amygdala, left parahippocampal gyrus, left inferior frontal operculum, and right fusiform gyrus. Understanding the acute neural response to social exclusion in peer-victimized individuals may provide insight into their increased risk for poor mental health.","PeriodicalId":51470,"journal":{"name":"Merrill-Palmer Quarterly-Journal of Developmental Psychology","volume":"64 1","pages":"135 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41895283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-09DOI: 10.13110/MERRPALMQUAR1982.64.1.0041
N. Breslend, Erin K. Shoulberg, Caitlin R Wagner, Dianna Murray-Close, L. Holterman
Abstract:The purpose of the current investigation was to examine if autonomic nervous system reactivity moderated the association between relational victimization and two established outcomes of peer maltreatment, anxious/depressive symptoms and anxious rejection sensitivity. A total of 119 female (Mage = 12.47, SDage = 1.96) attendees of a residential summer camp participated. Participants' skin conductance and respiratory sinus arrhythmia were assessed during a laboratory stress protocol. Counselors reported on participants' relational victimization and anxious/depressive symptoms. Anxious rejection sensitivity was measured via self-report. Relational victimization was positively associated with both anxious/depressive symptoms and anxious rejection sensitivity among girls who exhibited reciprocal sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation (i.e., high SNS reactivity and parasympathetic nervous system [PNS] withdrawal). Relational victimization was also positively associated with anxious/depressive symptoms among girls who exhibited reciprocal PNS activation (i.e., low SNS reactivity and PNS activation), although this effect was smaller in magnitude than findings for girls who exhibited reciprocal SNS activation. Results underscore the biosocial interactions between relational victimization and physiological reactivity in the prediction of anxious/depressive symptoms and anxious rejection sensitivity.
{"title":"Biosocial Interactions Between Relational Victimization and Physiological Stress Reactivity in Relation to Anxious/Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive Biases in Adolescent Girls","authors":"N. Breslend, Erin K. Shoulberg, Caitlin R Wagner, Dianna Murray-Close, L. Holterman","doi":"10.13110/MERRPALMQUAR1982.64.1.0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13110/MERRPALMQUAR1982.64.1.0041","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The purpose of the current investigation was to examine if autonomic nervous system reactivity moderated the association between relational victimization and two established outcomes of peer maltreatment, anxious/depressive symptoms and anxious rejection sensitivity. A total of 119 female (Mage = 12.47, SDage = 1.96) attendees of a residential summer camp participated. Participants' skin conductance and respiratory sinus arrhythmia were assessed during a laboratory stress protocol. Counselors reported on participants' relational victimization and anxious/depressive symptoms. Anxious rejection sensitivity was measured via self-report. Relational victimization was positively associated with both anxious/depressive symptoms and anxious rejection sensitivity among girls who exhibited reciprocal sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation (i.e., high SNS reactivity and parasympathetic nervous system [PNS] withdrawal). Relational victimization was also positively associated with anxious/depressive symptoms among girls who exhibited reciprocal PNS activation (i.e., low SNS reactivity and PNS activation), although this effect was smaller in magnitude than findings for girls who exhibited reciprocal SNS activation. Results underscore the biosocial interactions between relational victimization and physiological reactivity in the prediction of anxious/depressive symptoms and anxious rejection sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":51470,"journal":{"name":"Merrill-Palmer Quarterly-Journal of Developmental Psychology","volume":"64 1","pages":"41 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47753210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-09DOI: 10.13110/MERRPALMQUAR1982.64.1.0101
T. Vaillancourt, Heather L. Brittain, J. Haltigan, Jamie M. Ostrov, C. Muir
Abstract:We examined whether the moderating role of cortisol in the relation between physical peer victimization and physical aggression was better accounted for by a diathesis–stress model or a differential susceptibility model using a multiinformant approach (direct observations, teacher reports, and parent reports) of 198 preschool-aged children attending high-quality child care. Controlling for the influence of household income, hours per week in child care, and child age, we found that our results supported a differential susceptibility effect for boys but not for girls. This effect was replicated within reporters (observer and parent reports) and across reporters (parent-reported victimization and teacher-rated aggression) but for boys only. At higher levels of peer victimization, lower levels of basal cortisol were associated with higher levels of physical aggression, but, at lower levels of peer victimization, lower levels of basal cortisol were associated with lower levels of physical aggression. Furthermore, at higher levels of peer victimization, higher levels of basal cortisol were associated with lower levels of physical aggression, but, at lower levels of peer victimization, higher levels of basal cortisol were associated with higher levels of physical aggression. These results highlight the complex interplay between the social environment and biobehavioral systems in early childhood and the value of considering a differential susceptibility framework in peer-relations research.
{"title":"Cortisol Moderates the Relation Between Physical Peer Victimization and Physical Aggression in Preschoolers Attending High-Quality Child Care: Evidence of Differential Susceptibility Across Informants","authors":"T. Vaillancourt, Heather L. Brittain, J. Haltigan, Jamie M. Ostrov, C. Muir","doi":"10.13110/MERRPALMQUAR1982.64.1.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13110/MERRPALMQUAR1982.64.1.0101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:We examined whether the moderating role of cortisol in the relation between physical peer victimization and physical aggression was better accounted for by a diathesis–stress model or a differential susceptibility model using a multiinformant approach (direct observations, teacher reports, and parent reports) of 198 preschool-aged children attending high-quality child care. Controlling for the influence of household income, hours per week in child care, and child age, we found that our results supported a differential susceptibility effect for boys but not for girls. This effect was replicated within reporters (observer and parent reports) and across reporters (parent-reported victimization and teacher-rated aggression) but for boys only. At higher levels of peer victimization, lower levels of basal cortisol were associated with higher levels of physical aggression, but, at lower levels of peer victimization, lower levels of basal cortisol were associated with lower levels of physical aggression. Furthermore, at higher levels of peer victimization, higher levels of basal cortisol were associated with lower levels of physical aggression, but, at lower levels of peer victimization, higher levels of basal cortisol were associated with higher levels of physical aggression. These results highlight the complex interplay between the social environment and biobehavioral systems in early childhood and the value of considering a differential susceptibility framework in peer-relations research.","PeriodicalId":51470,"journal":{"name":"Merrill-Palmer Quarterly-Journal of Developmental Psychology","volume":"64 1","pages":"101 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46645443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-09DOI: 10.13110/merrpalmquar1982.64.1.0vii
T. Vaillancourt, Allyson A Arana, Erin Q. Boyd, Maria E Guarneri-White, Priya A. Iyer‐Eimerbrink, A. Dougall, L. Jensen‐Campbell, N. Breslend, Erin K. Shoulberg, Caitlin R Wagner, Dianna Murray-Close, L. Holterman, Stephen Ungvary, Kristina L. McDonald, C. Gibson, A. Glenn, Albert H. A. Reijntjes, Heather L. Brittain, J. Haltigan, Jamie M. Ostrov, C. Muir, Theresa A. McIver, R. Bosma, A. Sandre, S. Goegan, J. Klassen, Julian Chiarella, L. Booij, W. Craig, Wendy Troop-Gordon, Stephen A. Erath
Abstract:Depressive symptoms, somatic complaints, and circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were examined as correlates of social and physical peer victimization in an ethnically diverse sample of adolescents (N = 91) using a multi-informant approach. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that social peer victimization was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms, somatic complaints, and inflammation. However, being physically bullied only predicted lower levels of inflammatory markers. Additionally, the role of depressive symptoms in the victimization– inflammation relation was examined. Social victimization indirectly influenced levels of IL-6 (via depressive symptoms) and CRP (via depressive symptoms and IL-6, in series). These results provide initial evidence that peer victimization is associated with inflammatory markers in an adolescent sample and that symptoms of depression may be an important presage to inflammation and health problems, while highlighting the differential effects of social and physical forms of peer victimization.
{"title":"Consulting Editors May 1 through August 1, 2017","authors":"T. Vaillancourt, Allyson A Arana, Erin Q. Boyd, Maria E Guarneri-White, Priya A. Iyer‐Eimerbrink, A. Dougall, L. Jensen‐Campbell, N. Breslend, Erin K. Shoulberg, Caitlin R Wagner, Dianna Murray-Close, L. Holterman, Stephen Ungvary, Kristina L. McDonald, C. Gibson, A. Glenn, Albert H. A. Reijntjes, Heather L. Brittain, J. Haltigan, Jamie M. Ostrov, C. Muir, Theresa A. McIver, R. Bosma, A. Sandre, S. Goegan, J. Klassen, Julian Chiarella, L. Booij, W. Craig, Wendy Troop-Gordon, Stephen A. Erath","doi":"10.13110/merrpalmquar1982.64.1.0vii","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13110/merrpalmquar1982.64.1.0vii","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Depressive symptoms, somatic complaints, and circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were examined as correlates of social and physical peer victimization in an ethnically diverse sample of adolescents (N = 91) using a multi-informant approach. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that social peer victimization was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms, somatic complaints, and inflammation. However, being physically bullied only predicted lower levels of inflammatory markers. Additionally, the role of depressive symptoms in the victimization– inflammation relation was examined. Social victimization indirectly influenced levels of IL-6 (via depressive symptoms) and CRP (via depressive symptoms and IL-6, in series). These results provide initial evidence that peer victimization is associated with inflammatory markers in an adolescent sample and that symptoms of depression may be an important presage to inflammation and health problems, while highlighting the differential effects of social and physical forms of peer victimization.","PeriodicalId":51470,"journal":{"name":"Merrill-Palmer Quarterly-Journal of Developmental Psychology","volume":"64 1","pages":"1 - 100 - 101 - 11 - 12 - 134 - 135 - 161 - 162 - 173 - 40 - 41 - 69 - 70 - vii - vii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43795192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-09DOI: 10.13110/MERRPALMQUAR1982.64.1.0012
Allyson A Arana, Erin Q. Boyd, Maria E Guarneri-White, Priya A. Iyer‐Eimerbrink, A. Dougall, L. Jensen‐Campbell
Abstract:Depressive symptoms, somatic complaints, and circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were examined as correlates of social and physical peer victimization in an ethnically diverse sample of adolescents (N = 91) using a multi-informant approach. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that social peer victimization was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms, somatic complaints, and inflammation. However, being physically bullied only predicted lower levels of inflammatory markers. Additionally, the role of depressive symptoms in the victimization– inflammation relation was examined. Social victimization indirectly influenced levels of IL-6 (via depressive symptoms) and CRP (via depressive symptoms and IL-6, in series). These results provide initial evidence that peer victimization is associated with inflammatory markers in an adolescent sample and that symptoms of depression may be an important presage to inflammation and health problems, while highlighting the differential effects of social and physical forms of peer victimization.
{"title":"The Impact of Social and Physical Peer Victimization on Systemic Inflammation in Adolescents","authors":"Allyson A Arana, Erin Q. Boyd, Maria E Guarneri-White, Priya A. Iyer‐Eimerbrink, A. Dougall, L. Jensen‐Campbell","doi":"10.13110/MERRPALMQUAR1982.64.1.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13110/MERRPALMQUAR1982.64.1.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Depressive symptoms, somatic complaints, and circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were examined as correlates of social and physical peer victimization in an ethnically diverse sample of adolescents (N = 91) using a multi-informant approach. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that social peer victimization was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms, somatic complaints, and inflammation. However, being physically bullied only predicted lower levels of inflammatory markers. Additionally, the role of depressive symptoms in the victimization– inflammation relation was examined. Social victimization indirectly influenced levels of IL-6 (via depressive symptoms) and CRP (via depressive symptoms and IL-6, in series). These results provide initial evidence that peer victimization is associated with inflammatory markers in an adolescent sample and that symptoms of depression may be an important presage to inflammation and health problems, while highlighting the differential effects of social and physical forms of peer victimization.","PeriodicalId":51470,"journal":{"name":"Merrill-Palmer Quarterly-Journal of Developmental Psychology","volume":"64 1","pages":"12 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44290544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.13110/MERRPALMQUAR1982.64.4.0514
B. Cassetta, P. Pexman, V. Goghari
Abstract:Theory of mind (ToM) refers to the ability to make inferences about mental states. Thus far, little research has examined ToM development in middle childhood. Importantly, recent studies have distinguished between making inferences about beliefs (cognitive ToM) and emotions (affective ToM). ToM has also been associated with executive functioning, though research on the differential relations between cognitive ToM and affective ToM and specific components of executive functioning is scarce. The current study examined advanced cognitive and affective ToM in 8-to 11-year-olds (N = 168). Working memory, inhibition, and set-shifting abilities were also assessed. Results showed that, in this age group, cognitive ToM increased significantly with age, and combined cognitive and affective ToM trendwise increased with age. All three domains of executive functioning (EF) showed age-related improvement. Inhibitory control and verbal IQ significantly predicted cognitive ToM, whereas verbal IQ predicted affective ToM. These results suggest that cognitive and affective components of ToM are distinguishable and may be differentially related to EF.
{"title":"Cognitive and Affective Theory of Mind and Relations With Executive Functioning in Middle Childhood","authors":"B. Cassetta, P. Pexman, V. Goghari","doi":"10.13110/MERRPALMQUAR1982.64.4.0514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13110/MERRPALMQUAR1982.64.4.0514","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Theory of mind (ToM) refers to the ability to make inferences about mental states. Thus far, little research has examined ToM development in middle childhood. Importantly, recent studies have distinguished between making inferences about beliefs (cognitive ToM) and emotions (affective ToM). ToM has also been associated with executive functioning, though research on the differential relations between cognitive ToM and affective ToM and specific components of executive functioning is scarce. The current study examined advanced cognitive and affective ToM in 8-to 11-year-olds (N = 168). Working memory, inhibition, and set-shifting abilities were also assessed. Results showed that, in this age group, cognitive ToM increased significantly with age, and combined cognitive and affective ToM trendwise increased with age. All three domains of executive functioning (EF) showed age-related improvement. Inhibitory control and verbal IQ significantly predicted cognitive ToM, whereas verbal IQ predicted affective ToM. These results suggest that cognitive and affective components of ToM are distinguishable and may be differentially related to EF.","PeriodicalId":51470,"journal":{"name":"Merrill-Palmer Quarterly-Journal of Developmental Psychology","volume":"45 11","pages":"514 - 538"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41306103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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