The current study aims to create a formulation of Fluvastatin sodium (FVS) loaded niosome for the treatment of antihyperlipidemia using thin film hydration. The developed formulations were statistically optimized by two factors, three levels by 3-level factorial design and were evaluated for vesicle size, entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy, and invitro drug release. The optimized FVS niosome being transformed to gel formulation was likewise analyzed for in-vitro skin permeability study, lipase action, and stability study. The composition of an improved FVS niosome revealed vesicle size, entrapment effectiveness, zeta potential of 105.3 ± 12.4nm, 74.5 ± 0.86% and -36.2±7mV, respectively, with spherical morphology. The FVS Niosomal gel demonstrated improved skin permeation compared to Orlistat. Furthermore, lipase activity showed better activity when compared with standard Orlistat drugs. Niosomal particles were discovered as a reliable nanovesicular carrier for the transdermal administration of FVS.
{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Niosomal Gel for\u0000Antihyperlipidemic Agent","authors":"Pravin Patil, Priyanka Bhagwat, Pournima Sankpal, Sachinkumar Patil, Shashikant Dhawale","doi":"10.2174/0122106812257984240416113059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122106812257984240416113059","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The current study aims to create a formulation of Fluvastatin sodium (FVS) loaded niosome for the treatment of antihyperlipidemia using thin film hydration. The developed formulations\u0000were statistically optimized by two factors, three levels by 3-level factorial design and were evaluated for vesicle size, entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy, and invitro drug release. The optimized FVS niosome being transformed to gel formulation was likewise\u0000analyzed for in-vitro skin permeability study, lipase action, and stability study. The composition of\u0000an improved FVS niosome revealed vesicle size, entrapment effectiveness, zeta potential of 105.3 ±\u000012.4nm, 74.5 ± 0.86% and -36.2±7mV, respectively, with spherical morphology. The FVS Niosomal gel demonstrated improved skin permeation compared to Orlistat. Furthermore, lipase activity\u0000showed better activity when compared with standard Orlistat drugs. Niosomal particles were discovered as a reliable nanovesicular carrier for the transdermal administration of FVS.\u0000","PeriodicalId":514736,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140688747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.2174/0122106812266173240327074715
Pravin Patil, M. Choudhary, P. Sankpal, Sachinkumar Patil, Anand Gadad
According to our research, liposomes loaded with imatinib mesylate were formulated using a rotary evaporator and the thin film hydration method. FTIR, DSC, and XRD studies were carried out to ensure that the drug excipients in the final formulation were compatible. The improved liposome batch (F7) was tested for particle size (353.9 nm), zeta potential (- 46.0 mV), drug release (92.8%), and entrapment efficiency (94.29%) after 72 hours. Studies using TEM have shown that imatinib mesylate-loaded liposomes have a spherical form. Finally, in-vitro anticancer activity was assessed through the MTT assay, which revealed an IC50 value of 0.2959μg mL-1 for treating Human leukaemia monocytic cell lines. The process was refined based on data concerning the rotary evaporator speed, solvent system ratio and volume, hydration media pH, manufacturing yield, entrapment efficiency, in-vitro release, and improved in vitro anti-cancer activity.
{"title":"Development and Characterization of Imatinib Mesylate Liposome: For In-vitro Anti-Cancer Activity","authors":"Pravin Patil, M. Choudhary, P. Sankpal, Sachinkumar Patil, Anand Gadad","doi":"10.2174/0122106812266173240327074715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122106812266173240327074715","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000According to our research, liposomes loaded with imatinib mesylate were\u0000formulated using a rotary evaporator and the thin film hydration method. FTIR, DSC, and XRD studies\u0000were carried out to ensure that the drug excipients in the final formulation were compatible.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The improved liposome batch (F7) was tested for particle size (353.9 nm), zeta potential (-\u000046.0 mV), drug release (92.8%), and entrapment efficiency (94.29%) after 72 hours. Studies using\u0000TEM have shown that imatinib mesylate-loaded liposomes have a spherical form.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Finally, in-vitro anticancer activity was assessed through the MTT assay, which revealed an\u0000IC50 value of 0.2959μg mL-1 for treating Human leukaemia monocytic cell lines.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The process was refined based on data concerning the rotary evaporator speed, solvent\u0000system ratio and volume, hydration media pH, manufacturing yield, entrapment efficiency, in-vitro\u0000release, and improved in vitro anti-cancer activity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":514736,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia","volume":"19 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140797031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.2174/0122106812284060240323175059
Monika Bhardwaj, S. K. Kataria, Shammi Sharma, Jaya Parkash Yadav
Silver nanoparticles were biologically synthesized from the leaf and seed extract of Balanites aegyptiaca against diabetes. The silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, TEM, zeta potential and dynamic light scattering for size distribution. The finding proved the nanosize and spherical shapes of the nanoparticles. In-vitro antidiabetic and cytotoxic activities of the synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated for the first time in both the plant extract, and they showed significant inhibition of α-amylase. However, the inhibition was elevated in the case of nanoparticles. It was found that seed and leaf extract inhibited α-amylase up to 62.23±7.25631% and 63.90±5.632%, respectively. The elevation in the inhibition was observed in the case of their respective silver nanoparticles, such as AgNP seeds and AgNP leaves inhibited the enzyme up to 72.71±7.8569% and 74.04±6.3254%, respectively. They showed lesser cytotoxicity against C2C12 cells. It can be concluded that the leaf and seed extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca and synthesized silver nanoparticles from this plant can be good anti-diabetic agents.
{"title":"Alpha-amylase Inhibitory and Cytotoxicity Investigation of Biologically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Balanites aegyptiaca on C2C12 Cells","authors":"Monika Bhardwaj, S. K. Kataria, Shammi Sharma, Jaya Parkash Yadav","doi":"10.2174/0122106812284060240323175059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122106812284060240323175059","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Silver nanoparticles were biologically synthesized from the leaf and seed\u0000extract of Balanites aegyptiaca against diabetes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM,\u0000TEM, zeta potential and dynamic light scattering for size distribution. The finding proved the nanosize\u0000and spherical shapes of the nanoparticles. In-vitro antidiabetic and cytotoxic activities of the\u0000synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated for the first time in both the plant extract, and they showed\u0000significant inhibition of α-amylase. However, the inhibition was elevated in the case of nanoparticles.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000It was found that seed and leaf extract inhibited α-amylase up to 62.23±7.25631% and\u000063.90±5.632%, respectively. The elevation in the inhibition was observed in the case of their respective\u0000silver nanoparticles, such as AgNP seeds and AgNP leaves inhibited the enzyme up to\u000072.71±7.8569% and 74.04±6.3254%, respectively. They showed lesser cytotoxicity against C2C12\u0000cells.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000It can be concluded that the leaf and seed extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca and synthesized\u0000silver nanoparticles from this plant can be good anti-diabetic agents.\u0000","PeriodicalId":514736,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia","volume":"29 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140763423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.2174/0122106812282033240320102203
Rounak Subash, Gokul Sridharan, Deepak Nallaswamy, R. Atchudan, Sandeep Arya, Ashok K. Sundramoorthy
This study presents a novel green synthesis approach for successfully fabricating silver-doped palladium nanoclusters (Ag-Pd NCs) using the aqueous leaf extract of Strobilanthes kunthiana as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The environmentally benign method offers a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical synthesis, circumventing hazardous chemicals and minimizing the generation of toxic byproducts. The successful green synthesis of Ag-Pd NCs using Strobilanthes kunthiana leaf extract and their application as an efficient electrochemical sensing platform for determining nitrofurantoin (NFT). The synthesized Ag-Pd NCs were extensively characterized by using diverse analytical techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). As-synthesized Ag-Pd NCs were employed as a sensing platform for electrochemical detection of NFT, an important antibiotic widely used in clinical applications. The electrochemical method demonstrated a remarkable sensitivity of about 1.56 μA μM−1 cm−2, the lowest detection limit (LOD) of 3.2 μM and a linear range of determination from 5 to 210 μM. This new electrochemical sensor exhibited excellent stability and reproducibility, making it suitable for practical applications in real-world samples. The green synthesis of Ag-Pd NCs using Strobilanthes kunthiana leaf extract and their application as an efficient electrochemical sensing platform for detecting NFT was demonstrated. The combination of green synthesis and advanced electrochemical sensing underscores the potential of these nanomaterials in developing environmentally friendly sensors for pharmaceutical analysis and clinical diagnostics. The findings presented herein will contribute to the growing field of green nanotechnology and sustainable sensor development for advanced healthcare and environmental monitoring.
{"title":"Electrochemical Detection of Nitrofurantoin using Green Synthesized\u0000Silver-doped Palladium Nanocluster-Modified Sensor","authors":"Rounak Subash, Gokul Sridharan, Deepak Nallaswamy, R. Atchudan, Sandeep Arya, Ashok K. Sundramoorthy","doi":"10.2174/0122106812282033240320102203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122106812282033240320102203","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This study presents a novel green synthesis approach for successfully fabricating\u0000silver-doped palladium nanoclusters (Ag-Pd NCs) using the aqueous leaf extract of Strobilanthes\u0000kunthiana as a reducing and stabilizing agent.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The environmentally benign method offers a sustainable alternative to conventional\u0000chemical synthesis, circumventing hazardous chemicals and minimizing the generation of toxic byproducts.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The successful green synthesis of Ag-Pd NCs using Strobilanthes kunthiana leaf extract\u0000and their application as an efficient electrochemical sensing platform for determining nitrofurantoin\u0000(NFT).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The synthesized Ag-Pd NCs were extensively characterized by using diverse analytical techniques,\u0000including UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron\u0000microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000As-synthesized Ag-Pd NCs were employed as a sensing platform for electrochemical detection\u0000of NFT, an important antibiotic widely used in clinical applications. The electrochemical method\u0000demonstrated a remarkable sensitivity of about 1.56 μA μM−1 cm−2, the lowest detection limit\u0000(LOD) of 3.2 μM and a linear range of determination from 5 to 210 μM. This new electrochemical\u0000sensor exhibited excellent stability and reproducibility, making it suitable for practical applications\u0000in real-world samples.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The green synthesis of Ag-Pd NCs using Strobilanthes kunthiana leaf extract and their\u0000application as an efficient electrochemical sensing platform for detecting NFT was demonstrated. The\u0000combination of green synthesis and advanced electrochemical sensing underscores the potential of these\u0000nanomaterials in developing environmentally friendly sensors for pharmaceutical analysis and clinical\u0000diagnostics. The findings presented herein will contribute to the growing field of green nanotechnology\u0000and sustainable sensor development for advanced healthcare and environmental monitoring.\u0000","PeriodicalId":514736,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia","volume":" 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140383775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silver and silver salts have been used since the beginning of civilization, but silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have just recently been discovered. They have been employed as antioxidants and antibacterial, antifungal, and potential anticáncer agents in agriculture and medicine. Many bacteria, including Bacilluscereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter koseri, Salmonella typhii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and the fungus Candida albicans, were shown to be inhibited in their growth and multiplication by binding Ag/Ag+ to biomolecules that are present in microbial cells. Ag NPs are thought to create reactive oxygen species and free radicals, which cause apoptosis, cell death, and hinder cell reproduction. Ag NPs diffuse in side cells and break because they are smaller than bacteria. The researchers have developed numerous methods of their synthesis. The present review focused on the latest evidence related to silver nanoparticles, several methods of preparations, along with examples listed in the literature.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on Synthesis of Silver Nano-particles: An\u0000Update","authors":"Aditya Sharma, Anju Goyal, Sapna Kumari, Madhukar Garg, Arpanpreet Kaur, Dinesh Mehta, Vibha Singh, Bhavya Hans","doi":"10.2174/0122106812259420240102060527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122106812259420240102060527","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Silver and silver salts have been used since the beginning of civilization, but silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have just recently been discovered. They have been employed as antioxidants and\u0000antibacterial, antifungal, and potential anticáncer agents in agriculture and medicine. Many bacteria,\u0000including Bacilluscereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter koseri, Salmonella typhii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and the fungus\u0000Candida albicans, were shown to be inhibited in their growth and multiplication by binding Ag/Ag+\u0000to biomolecules that are present in microbial cells. Ag NPs are thought to create reactive oxygen\u0000species and free radicals, which cause apoptosis, cell death, and hinder cell reproduction. Ag NPs\u0000diffuse in side cells and break because they are smaller than bacteria. The researchers have developed numerous methods of their synthesis. The present review focused on the latest evidence related\u0000to silver nanoparticles, several methods of preparations, along with examples listed in the literature.\u0000","PeriodicalId":514736,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia","volume":"41 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139870618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silver and silver salts have been used since the beginning of civilization, but silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have just recently been discovered. They have been employed as antioxidants and antibacterial, antifungal, and potential anticáncer agents in agriculture and medicine. Many bacteria, including Bacilluscereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter koseri, Salmonella typhii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and the fungus Candida albicans, were shown to be inhibited in their growth and multiplication by binding Ag/Ag+ to biomolecules that are present in microbial cells. Ag NPs are thought to create reactive oxygen species and free radicals, which cause apoptosis, cell death, and hinder cell reproduction. Ag NPs diffuse in side cells and break because they are smaller than bacteria. The researchers have developed numerous methods of their synthesis. The present review focused on the latest evidence related to silver nanoparticles, several methods of preparations, along with examples listed in the literature.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on Synthesis of Silver Nano-particles: An\u0000Update","authors":"Aditya Sharma, Anju Goyal, Sapna Kumari, Madhukar Garg, Arpanpreet Kaur, Dinesh Mehta, Vibha Singh, Bhavya Hans","doi":"10.2174/0122106812259420240102060527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122106812259420240102060527","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Silver and silver salts have been used since the beginning of civilization, but silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have just recently been discovered. They have been employed as antioxidants and\u0000antibacterial, antifungal, and potential anticáncer agents in agriculture and medicine. Many bacteria,\u0000including Bacilluscereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter koseri, Salmonella typhii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and the fungus\u0000Candida albicans, were shown to be inhibited in their growth and multiplication by binding Ag/Ag+\u0000to biomolecules that are present in microbial cells. Ag NPs are thought to create reactive oxygen\u0000species and free radicals, which cause apoptosis, cell death, and hinder cell reproduction. Ag NPs\u0000diffuse in side cells and break because they are smaller than bacteria. The researchers have developed numerous methods of their synthesis. The present review focused on the latest evidence related\u0000to silver nanoparticles, several methods of preparations, along with examples listed in the literature.\u0000","PeriodicalId":514736,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia","volume":"54 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139810902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magnetic materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt have been a subject of interest among the scientific and research community for centuries. Owing to their unique properties, they are prevalent in the mechanical and electronic industries. In recent times, magnetic materials have undeniable applications in biotechnology and nanomedicine. Bacteria like Salmonella enterica, Clostridium botulinum, Bacillus subtilis, etc, pose a hazard to human health and livestock. This ultimately leads to huge yields and economic losses on a global scale. Antimicrobial resistance has become a significant public health concern in recent years, with the increasing prevalence of drugresistant infections posing a significant threat to global health. Many coherent studies have successfully reported magnetic metal oxide nanoparticles to be highly selective, specific, and effective in neutralizing pathogens through various mechanisms like cell membrane disruption, direct contact-mediated killing, or by generating Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and numerous costimulatory and inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, we explored the inhibitory effects of iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) on various pathogenic bacteria via an in-silico approach. This method helped us to understand the active sites where the iron oxide NPs bind with the bacterial proteins. The 3D crystal structures of all the pathogenic proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella enterica, Shigella flexneri, Clostridium botulinum and nanoparticles (Fe2O3 and Fe3O4) under study were downloaded from RCSB PDB and ChemSpider official websites respectively. It was followed by the in-silico molecular Docking using PyRx and AutoDock Vina and analyzed on LigPlot. This study interprets the efficacy of the Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles against all the test bacteria. At the same time, Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 formed the most stable complexes with cholera enterotoxin subunit B and lectin II (PA-IIL) mutant S23A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. As in this era of AMR, researchers have been exploring alternative strategies to combat bacterial infections, including using magnetic nanoparticles as a potential treatment. They possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them attractive candidates for antimicrobial therapy, including their ability to penetrate bacterial biofilms and selectively target pathogenic bacteria while leaving healthy cells unharmed. This study examined the inhibitory effects of iron oxide (magnetic) nanoparticles, namely Fe2O3 and Fe3O4, on various bacterial proteins involved in cell-to-cell interactions and pathogenesis.
{"title":"Interaction of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 Nanoparticle with Pathogenic Bacteria:\u0000A In-silico Molecular Mechanism Study","authors":"Sahil Luktuke, Aditya Raj, Sourav Santra, Sudip Das, Arghya Chakravorty, Karthikeyan Ramesh, Balaji Nila, Harjeet K, Siva Sankar Sana, Vimala Raghavan","doi":"10.2174/0122106812286623240125130324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122106812286623240125130324","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Magnetic materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt have been a subject of\u0000interest among the scientific and research community for centuries. Owing to their unique properties,\u0000they are prevalent in the mechanical and electronic industries. In recent times, magnetic materials\u0000have undeniable applications in biotechnology and nanomedicine. Bacteria like Salmonella enterica,\u0000Clostridium botulinum, Bacillus subtilis, etc, pose a hazard to human health and livestock. This\u0000ultimately leads to huge yields and economic losses on a global scale. Antimicrobial resistance has\u0000become a significant public health concern in recent years, with the increasing prevalence of drugresistant\u0000infections posing a significant threat to global health. Many coherent studies have\u0000successfully reported magnetic metal oxide nanoparticles to be highly selective, specific, and\u0000effective in neutralizing pathogens through various mechanisms like cell membrane disruption, direct\u0000contact-mediated killing, or by generating Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and numerous costimulatory\u0000and inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, we explored the inhibitory effects of iron oxide\u0000nanoparticles (NPs) on various pathogenic bacteria via an in-silico approach. This method helped us\u0000to understand the active sites where the iron oxide NPs bind with the bacterial proteins.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The 3D crystal structures of all the pathogenic proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae,\u0000Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella enterica, Shigella flexneri, Clostridium\u0000botulinum and nanoparticles (Fe2O3 and Fe3O4) under study were downloaded from RCSB PDB and\u0000ChemSpider official websites respectively. It was followed by the in-silico molecular Docking using\u0000PyRx and AutoDock Vina and analyzed on LigPlot.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study interprets the efficacy of the Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles against all the test\u0000bacteria. At the same time, Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 formed the most stable complexes with cholera\u0000enterotoxin subunit B and lectin II (PA-IIL) mutant S23A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000As in this era of AMR, researchers have been exploring alternative strategies to combat\u0000bacterial infections, including using magnetic nanoparticles as a potential treatment. They possess\u0000unique physical and chemical properties that make them attractive candidates for antimicrobial\u0000therapy, including their ability to penetrate bacterial biofilms and selectively target pathogenic\u0000bacteria while leaving healthy cells unharmed. This study examined the inhibitory effects of iron\u0000oxide (magnetic) nanoparticles, namely Fe2O3 and Fe3O4, on various bacterial proteins involved in\u0000cell-to-cell interactions and pathogenesis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":514736,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia","volume":"92 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140483672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-26DOI: 10.2174/0122106812278995231223081406
Pallavi L. Salve, Somnath D. Bhinge, Mangesh A. Bhutkar
Silent onset and metastasis in tissues make cancer the most devastating illness globally. Monitoring the growth of the tumour and delivering drugs to specific tissues are some of the major issues associated with treatment. However, with an improved understanding of tumour microenvironments and advancements in nanocarriers of drugs, novel nano-targeting pathways that can be utilised by nanocarriers have been developed. Carbon Dots, with their tiny size and outstanding physicochemical features, are an emerging category of carbon nanostructures that have attracted a lot of curiosity. Multitudinous attempts and extensive studies have been undertaken by many researchers regarding the synthesis of Carbon Dots and their applications in various fields. These studies have explained that the synthesised Carbon Dots have versatile surface functionalities, high luminescence, and excellent biocompatibility. This article focuses on recent developments in synthesis approaches, carbon precursors used, and applications of Carbon Dots, specifically within the biomedical field, with a particular focus on cancer. Carbon dots synthesised from a variety of precursors can act as prominent candidates for bioimaging and drug carriers and are used in cancer phototherapy. In this article, Carbon Dots are summarised based on their bright luminescent properties, distinct structure, drug loading capacity, and near-infrared (NIR) emission. Carbon dots, employed as tumour theranostics, can serve as an alternative to synthetic fluorescent dyes. They fulfil the role of bioimaging agents and facilitate the precise delivery of drugs to cancer cells. Additionally, they exhibit excellence as phototherapeutic agents, featuring high nearinfrared (NIR) emission and minimal side effects.
{"title":"Carbon Dots an Integrative Nanostructure for Fluorescent Bio-imaging, Targeted Delivery of Medication and Phototherapy in Malignancy: A Review","authors":"Pallavi L. Salve, Somnath D. Bhinge, Mangesh A. Bhutkar","doi":"10.2174/0122106812278995231223081406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122106812278995231223081406","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Silent onset and metastasis in tissues make cancer the most devastating\u0000illness globally. Monitoring the growth of the tumour and delivering drugs to specific tissues are\u0000some of the major issues associated with treatment. However, with an improved understanding of\u0000tumour microenvironments and advancements in nanocarriers of drugs, novel nano-targeting pathways\u0000that can be utilised by nanocarriers have been developed. Carbon Dots, with their tiny size and\u0000outstanding physicochemical features, are an emerging category of carbon nanostructures that have\u0000attracted a lot of curiosity.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Multitudinous attempts and extensive studies have been undertaken by many researchers\u0000regarding the synthesis of Carbon Dots and their applications in various fields. These studies have\u0000explained that the synthesised Carbon Dots have versatile surface functionalities, high luminescence,\u0000and excellent biocompatibility. This article focuses on recent developments in synthesis approaches,\u0000carbon precursors used, and applications of Carbon Dots, specifically within the biomedical field,\u0000with a particular focus on cancer.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Carbon dots synthesised from a variety of precursors can act as prominent candidates for\u0000bioimaging and drug carriers and are used in cancer phototherapy. In this article, Carbon Dots are\u0000summarised based on their bright luminescent properties, distinct structure, drug loading capacity,\u0000and near-infrared (NIR) emission.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Carbon dots, employed as tumour theranostics, can serve as an alternative to synthetic\u0000fluorescent dyes. They fulfil the role of bioimaging agents and facilitate the precise delivery of drugs\u0000to cancer cells. Additionally, they exhibit excellence as phototherapeutic agents, featuring high nearinfrared\u0000(NIR) emission and minimal side effects.\u0000","PeriodicalId":514736,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140493228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.2174/0122106812284202231228095045
Teenu sharma, M. A. Babu, Atul Jain, Deepika Sharma
The use of mRNA in therapeutics has lately emerged as a powerful strategy for alleviating the various viral infections and diseased conditions, along with prophylaxis. However, a key challenge in their efficient delivery is the protection of the nucleic acid from degradation followed by mRNA transport to the cells. In this regard, clinical translation of mRNA therapeutics has largely been facilitated with the advent of lipid-based nanoparticles (LBNPs). LBNPs–mRNA vaccines currently being employed for Covid 19 is one such instance substantiating and endorsing the use of lipidic nanocarriers for mRNA therapeutics. Thus, the current review article aims to furnish information on developmental challenges, different aspects of lipid-based carrier systems for mRNA delivery, their vital applications in different diseases and the future potential of LBNPs in therapeutics.
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Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.2174/0122106812279723231224172041
P. Vimala, T. Samuel
As the size of the field effect transistors is reduced down to nanometers, the performance of the devices is affected by various short-channel effects. To overcome these effects, various novel devices are used. Tunnel Field Effect Transistors (TFET) are novel devices in which the drain current needs to be improved. Gate engineering and III-V compound materials are proposed to improve the ON current and reduce the leakage current along with its ambipolar behaviour. As the MOSFET or FinFET devices are scaled below the nanometer regime, unwanted effects like leakage current play a vital role rather than driving current improvement. Conventional MOS transistors have optimized the leakage current by limiting the sub-threshold swing of 60mv/dec. To overcome this limitation, Tunnel Field Effect Transistors (TFET) is considered as the best alternative device for low power applications. The proposed device structure is designed with a heterojunction hetero dielectric dual material gate Tunnel Field Effect Transistor incorporating various combinations of III-V compound materials such as AlGaAsSb/InGaAs, InGaAs/Ge, InGaAs/InP and SiGe/Si. As in III-V composite materials like AlGaAsSb/InGaAs, the narrower bandgap at the source channel interface helps to improve the electric field across the junction. At the same time, the wider bandgap at the channel drain junction leads to unidirectional current flow, resulting in ambipolar reduction. 2D TCAD simulation is used to obtain the electrical parameters for Hetero junction TFETs and the comparison analysis of different Hetero device structures. Many researchers have introduced different heterostructures, but research papers related to dual material heterostructure TFET performance are not available compared with different III–V compound materials combinations. In this paper, performance analysis of the dual material hetero TFET structure for different III–V compound materials combinations such as AlGaAsSb/InGaAs, InGaAs/Ge, InGaAs/InP and SiGe/Si is investigated. The device's electrical parameters, such as energy band diagram, current density, electric field, drain current, gate capacitance and transconductance, have been simulated and analyzed. Besides, the dual material used in the gate, such as Metal1 (M1) and Metal2 (M2), along with HfO2/SiO2 stacked dielectric, helps improve the gate controllability over the channel and the leakage current reduction. The 2D TCAD simulation is used to analyze the electrical parameters of Hetero junction TFETs. The comparison analysis of different Hetero device structure is shown in this section. All the device simulation is carried out using Fermi Dirac carrier statistics model, Lombardi CVT mobility model, Shockley-Read-Hall recombination model, non-local band to band tunneling model, Drift Diffusion current transport model and band gap narrowing model for higher concentration of electron and hole plasma at drain and source side. The parallel stacked dielectr
{"title":"Design and Analyze the Effect of Hetero Material and Dielectric on TFET with Dual Work Function Engineering","authors":"P. Vimala, T. Samuel","doi":"10.2174/0122106812279723231224172041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122106812279723231224172041","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000As the size of the field effect transistors is reduced down to nanometers, the\u0000performance of the devices is affected by various short-channel effects. To overcome these effects,\u0000various novel devices are used. Tunnel Field Effect Transistors (TFET) are novel devices in which\u0000the drain current needs to be improved. Gate engineering and III-V compound materials are proposed\u0000to improve the ON current and reduce the leakage current along with its ambipolar behaviour.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000As the MOSFET or FinFET devices are scaled below the nanometer regime, unwanted effects like leakage current play a vital role rather than driving current improvement. Conventional MOS transistors have optimized the leakage current by limiting the sub-threshold swing of 60mv/dec. To overcome this limitation, Tunnel Field Effect Transistors (TFET) is considered as the best alternative device for low power applications.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The proposed device structure is designed with a heterojunction hetero dielectric dual material\u0000gate Tunnel Field Effect Transistor incorporating various combinations of III-V compound\u0000materials such as AlGaAsSb/InGaAs, InGaAs/Ge, InGaAs/InP and SiGe/Si. As in III-V composite\u0000materials like AlGaAsSb/InGaAs, the narrower bandgap at the source channel interface helps to\u0000improve the electric field across the junction. At the same time, the wider bandgap at the channel\u0000drain junction leads to unidirectional current flow, resulting in ambipolar reduction. 2D TCAD simulation\u0000is used to obtain the electrical parameters for Hetero junction TFETs and the comparison analysis\u0000of different Hetero device structures.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Many researchers have introduced different heterostructures, but research papers related to dual material heterostructure TFET performance are not available compared with different III–V compound materials combinations. In this paper, performance analysis of the dual material hetero TFET structure for different III–V compound materials combinations such as AlGaAsSb/InGaAs, InGaAs/Ge, InGaAs/InP and SiGe/Si is investigated.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The device's electrical parameters, such as energy band diagram, current density, electric\u0000field, drain current, gate capacitance and transconductance, have been simulated and analyzed. Besides,\u0000the dual material used in the gate, such as Metal1 (M1) and Metal2 (M2), along with\u0000HfO2/SiO2 stacked dielectric, helps improve the gate controllability over the channel and the leakage\u0000current reduction.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The 2D TCAD simulation is used to analyze the electrical parameters of Hetero junction TFETs. The comparison analysis of different Hetero device structure is shown in this section. All the device simulation is carried out using Fermi Dirac carrier statistics model, Lombardi CVT mobility model, Shockley-Read-Hall recombination model, non-local band to band tunneling model, Drift Diffusion current transport model and band gap narrowing model for higher concentration of electron and hole plasma at drain and source side. The parallel stacked dielectr","PeriodicalId":514736,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia","volume":"48 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139600862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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