Epidemiologia e Servicos de Saude最新文献

Objective: To describe occurrences, human harm and material damage associated with natural disasters that occurred in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2010-2022, as well as to estimate years of life lost due to deaths resulting from these events.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study, with data from the Integrated Disaster Information System and the Brazilian National Health System Hospital Information System. Descriptive analyses of occurrences, human harm and material damage associated with the natural disasters selected and calculation of years of life lost due to deaths recorded under codes X36-39, by year, sex and age group.

Results: 752 extreme natural events occurred, with the highest frequency being observed for intense rainfall (37.8%) and mass movements (19.6%), followed by floods (15.3%), flash floods (15.2%), pluvial floods (8.9%) and hail (3.3%). As for human harm, 1,523 deaths, 3,379 injuries and 2,157 illnesses were recorded. Regarding material damage, the cost was calculated to be over BRL 12 billion, with housing units, health and education facilities and urban infrastructure being most affected. The majority of deaths were among females (50.1%). The 15-59 year age group was the most affected (51.8%). A total of 49,031.76 years of life were calculated to have been lost, of which 54.2% related to females.

Conclusion: Natural disaster occurrence, human harm and material damage affected, more intensely, only a few municipalities in the state. The majority of deaths and years of life lost were recorded for females. The existence of priority areas and groups for adoption of prevention and mitigation policies stood out.

Objective: To evaluate the completeness of COVID-19 notification form data on the Indigenous population living in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, in 2020.

Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out on COVID-19 notification data on the Indigenous population living in Espírito Santo in 2020. The scores used to assess completeness were: excellent (>95,0%), good (91,0%-95,0%), regular (81,0%-90,0%), poor (50,0%-80,0%) and very poor (<50,0%).

Results: 3,479 notification forms were analyzed. The sociodemographic variables, neighborhood and gender, and the symptom and comorbidity variables showed "excellent" completeness. The scores were "good" for disease classification and "regular" for ethnic group. The schooling variable, considered mandatory, was classified as "very poor".

Conclusion: The data analyzed had "excellent" completeness (65.3%). "Very poor" completeness was identified for 19.2% of the items evaluated, which shows that some items on the forms had a low standard of data recording.

Objective: To assess the methodological pathway for developing and validating Instructive for the Obesity Management in the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS), focusing on food and nutrition actions, based on the adaptation of the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population.

Methods: The development of the Instructive of Collective Approach for the Obesity Management in the SUS included an evaluation of the proposal summary during an in-person expert workshop, and the analysis of the first draft in an in-person validation workshop. In 2018 and 2019, a dynamic carousel was employed during the workshops to record the perceptions of experts from management, academy, and SUS health services. The materials produced during the workshops underwent exploratory content analysis by two authors independently, using theoretical frameworks and theories as predefined categories. Observed divergences were discussed until consensus was reached.

Results: The first workshop, attended by 21 experts, was essential for the decision to develop a material specifically for collective approaches and for defining the theoretical frameworks and theories to be included in the Instructive. The second workshop, with 17 experts, contributed to resolving conceptual issues, addressing discussions and uncertainties, and consolidating of the care flow. The published version of the Instructive incorporated a problem-posing methodology transversally and the transtheoretical model as the core theoretical framework to enhance treatment effectiveness and adherence.

Conclusion: The development and validation of the Instructive followed a scientific research trajectory, contributing to the creation of instructional materials derived from the Dietary Guidelines.