Epidemiologia e Servicos de Saude最新文献

[This corrects the article doi: 10.1590/S2237-96222023000400006.en] [This corrects the article doi: 10.1590/S2237-96222023000400006.pt].

Objective: To assess association between multimorbidity and use of health services in a population diagnosed with COVID-19, in southern Brazil.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with data from a longitudinal study carried out in the city of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 2021 with all adult individuals diagnosed with COVID-19; descriptive analyses were performed and presented as proportions with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI); Poisson regression was performed and reported as prevalence ratios (PR) in order to assess association between multimorbidity (3 or more diseases) and healthcare service use.

Results: In total, 2,919 participants were included, of which 40.4% had multimorbidity (≥ 2 diseases); the adjusted results showed that individuals with multimorbidity were more likely to use most of the services assessed, PR = 3.21 (95%CI 1.40;7.37), for Emergency Rooms.

Conclusion: Multimorbidity was associated with using different types of health services.

Objective: to analyze the vaccine effectiveness in preventing deaths attributed to severe acute respiratory syndrome due to COVID-19 (SARS/COVID-19) in adults and the elderly, in Blumenau, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, 2021.

this was a population-based study conducted among individuals aged 20 years and older hospitalized with SARS/COVID-19; each death due to SARS/COVID-19 was considered a "case", and every survivor was considered a "control"; the association between vaccination status and the outcome of "death" was estimated using logistic regression, and vaccine effectiveness was estimated as (1-OR)*100.

The study included 1,756 cases of SARS/COVID-19 (59.2% male, mean age of 56 years, 50.4% with elementary education, 68.4% with comorbidities and 39.1% in intensive care), of whom 398 died (cases) and 1,358 survived (controls); vaccine effectiveness was 74% and 85% (20-59 years old) and 72% and 75% (≥ 60 years old), respectively, for those who were partially vaccinated and fully vaccinated.

Conclusion: vaccines proved to be effective in reducing case fatality ratio due to SARS/COVID-19 in individuals ≥ 20 years old.

Objective: To analyze the temporal trend in the incidence of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection in Brazil, by macro-region, Federative Unit, sex and age group, from 2010 to 2021.

Methods: This was a time series study using surveillance data to estimate average annual percentage changes (AAPC), and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) via joinpoint regression.

Results: 122,211 cases of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection were analyzed; a falling trend was identified for Brazil as a whole (AAPC = -4.3; 95%CI -5.1;-3.7), and in the country's Southern (AAPC = -6.2; 95%CI -6.9;-5.5) and Southeast (AAPC = -4.6; 95%CI -5.6;-3.8) regions, even more so during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021); the greatest falling trend was seen in Santa Catarina (AAPC = -9.3; 95%CI -10.1;-8.5), while the greatest rising trend was found in Tocantins (AAPC = 4.1; 95%CI 0.1;8.6); there was a rising trend among males, especially in Sergipe (AAPC = 3.9; 95%CI 0.4;7.9), and those aged 18 to 34 years, especially in Amapá (AAPC = 7.9; 95%CI 5.1;11.5).

Conclusion: The burden and trends of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection were geographically and demographically disparate.

Objective: To assess the incompleteness of the Robson Classification variables in the Live Birth Information System (Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos - SINASC), in the state of Paraná, and its trend, 2014-2020.

Methods: This was a time-series study that analyzed six variables, according to health macro-regions. Incompleteness was classified (percentage of "ignored" and "blank fields") as follows: excellent (< 1.0%); good (1.0-2.9%); regular (3.0-6.9%); poor (≥ 7.0%). Prais-Winsten regression was used to estimate trends.

Results: A total of 1,089,116 births were evaluated. The variable "cesarean section before the onset of labor" was classified as poor in 2014 (39.4%) and 2015 (44.3%) in the state and in all macro-regions, but with a decreasing trend in incompleteness. The variables "gestational age" in the North and Northwest macro-regions, and "parity" and "number of fetuses" in the Northwest macro-region showed an increasing trend.

Conclusion: Most of the variables evaluated showed low percentages of incompleteness with a decreasing trend, but there is a need to improve the completion of some variables.

Objective: To assess the prevalence and factors associated with poor self-rated health according to respondents' sex in Manaus, Brazil.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional population-based study with adults in Manaus in 2019. Adjusted prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated using Poisson regression following a hierarchical model.

Results: Poor self-rated health occurred in 35.2% (95%CI 33.3;37.2) of the 2,321 participants and was higher in females (PR = 1.27; 95%CI 1.13;1.43). In the general population, among both sexes, poor self-rated health was higher among the oldest, those with moderate and severe food insecurity and with chronic diseases (p-value < 0.05). Among females, poor health was also higher among the evangelical and those with mild food insecurity. Among males, self-rated health was also poorer among the retired and those with education below elementary level (p-value < 0.001).

Conclusion: The female sex had the poorest health rating, influenced by morbidity and access to food.

Objective: To analyze the temporal trend and the spatial distribution of acquired syphilis in Mato Grosso, Brazil, between 2010 and 2021.

Methods: This was an ecological study using notifications of acquired syphilis held on the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System. Detection rates were calculated by health macro-region and three-year periods (2010-2012, 2013-2015, 2016-2018, 2019-2021). The jointpoint method was used to calculate annual percentage change (APC). Thematic maps of Bayesian rates were built and distribution was analyzed using Local Moran.

Results: The detection rate increased from 16.2 per 100,000 inhabitants in the first three-year period (2010-2012) to 70.0 in the last three-year period (2019-2021). The Central-North macro-region had the highest rate in the last three years (94.3/100,000 inhab.), while the highest upward trend occurred in the Central-Northwest macro-region, from 2013 to 2018 (APC = 50.2; 95%CI 26.3;78.6). There was an increase in Bayesian rates in most municipalities.

Conclusion: There was a trend towards an increase in acquired syphilis, especially in the last two three-year periods.