Epidemiologia e Servicos de Saude最新文献

Objective: To report the experience of workshops designed for action plans in microplanning vaccination in Brazilian states and municipalities.

Methods: This was a report on microplanning workshops aimed at mapping the local population, target population and identifying appropriate and effective vaccination actions. Vaccination actions were planned according to the reality of the municipalities using the microplanning method for high-quality vaccination activities.

Results: The workshops aimed at establishing effective vaccination strategies were held between July 15 (Macapá, capital city of Amapá state) and September 14, 2023 (Belo Horizonte, capital city of the state of Minas Gerais), with a total of 1,232 participants, including surveillance technicians, primary care and other health sectors. The diversity of participants highlighted distinct challenges and the importance of cooperation in addressing low vaccination coverage across the country.

Conclusion: The workshops served as a platform for raising awareness and exchanging experiences among stakeholders involved in vaccination.

Main results: The workshops promoted detailed mapping of the local context and the target population, in addition to providing opportunities for raising awareness and exchanging experiences among participants involved in vaccination programs.

Implications for services: It is suggested that the workshops be replicated and expanded to promote a continuous and contextualized assessment of local realities. The process also fosters a more collaborative and participatory approach, enabling professionals to adjust their practices based on local demands and actual needs.

Perspectives: The next steps are expected to include the sustainable incorporation of this strategy across states and municipalities, in order to eliminate and control vaccine-preventable diseases.

Objective: This article explores the complexities and challenges of healthcare access for transgender people in Minas Gerais.

Methods: : This study is based on a subsample from the Manas Survey, comprised of 15 semi-structured interviews with transgender people, conducted between May 2018 and May 2020, analyzed using the content analysis method and organized into a thematic network.

Results: : The results highlight the need for adequate structures, specific training for healthcare professionals, the influence of support networks and challenges in mental health.

Conclusions: : Despite advances in transgender health policies, access barriers persist, underscoring the importance of training strategies, accurate record-keeping and the expansion of specialized services and the role of primary health care. The study makes progress by including the perceptions from residents of small and medium-sized cities across different regions of the state, aiming to improve access and care for the transgender population via the Brazilian National Health System in Minas Gerais.

Main results: The findings underscore the need for adequate structures, specific training for healthcare professionals, the influence of support networks and challenges in mental health, in addition to including the perceptions of residents from small and medium-sized cities.

Implications for services: Improving the use of social name and gender identity in records. There is a need for training healthcare professionals in gender identity, expanding transgender-specific services and the role of primary health care (PHC) in this topic.

Perspectives: Expansion of specialized services and the role of PHC for this population, in order to improve access and care for the transgender population via the Brazilian National Health System in Minas Gerais state.

Objective: To analyze vaccination coverage up to 24 months of age according to race/ skin color in the 2017-2018 live birth cohort in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.

Methods: Population-based survey conducted in 2020 and 2021. Vaccination coverage up to 24 months of age was estimated according to administered, valid and timely doses. Crude association of race/skin color was estimated by calculating the crude Prevalence Ratio and respective 95% Confidence Intervals, using Poisson regression.

Results: Of the 688 children in the selected cohort, there was greater coverage among Black children for administered doses (White 30.5%; Black 47.8%; 95%CI) and valid doses (White 25.8%; Black 40.1%; 95%CI), although without statistical significance, and lower coverage for timely doses, in the full schedule excluding yellow fever (PR = 0.21; 95%CI 0.04;0.90).

Conclusion: There was lower timely coverage among Black children compared to White children.

Main results: It was found that racial inequalities and social disparities were reflected in vaccination coverage of Black children in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, showing lower prevalence of timely and full vaccination schedules among those children.

Implications for services: The results demonstrate the need to strengthen equitable public policies and the implementation of practices that seek to improve vaccination coverage, thus reducing racial inequalities in child immunization.

Perspectives: Health service managers will be able to plan actions and strategies in childhood immunization services, in order to increase vaccination coverage and reduce vaccination hesitancy among Black people and people from lower socioeconomic strata.

Objective: To investigate knowledge, attitudes and practices of primary health care professionals regarding breastfeeding and complementary feeding, in accordance with the recommendations of the food guide for Brazilian children up to 2 years old.

Methods: This is a descriptive study undertaken from October to December 2023, with a self-administered online questionnaire, aimed at physicians, nurses and community health agents in primary health care in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. We performed descriptive analysis and used Pearson's chi-squared test to analyze association between professional categories and their knowledge, attitudes and practices in relation to the content of the food guide.

Results: 74 professionals participated, including 37 community health agents, 19 nurses and 18 physician. Half the professionals had low knowledge about the content of the guide, getting less than half the answers right, in particular those related to complementary foods, for which 57 professionals got less than half of them right. Physicians and nurses were the professionals who believed they were more qualified to provide information related to the content of the guide, when compared to community health agents (p-value<0.001). Regarding practices, 18 professionals stated they sometimes provide guidance on breastfeeding, 24 reported never doing breastfeeding assessments during consultations and home visits and 22 provided guidance on introduction of complementary feeding.

Conclusion: Knowledge of physician, nurses and community health workers was deficient regarding the content of the guide. Attitudes and practices regarding the content were also compromised.