Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.61837/mbuir020124174d
Dejan Dodić, Dušan Regodić
This paper conducts an analysis of the efficiency in implementing the GPT-2 model, one of the advanced artificial intelligence models for text generation, through adapted transfer learning, focusing particularly on the utilization of various GPU architectures. The primary goal of this research is to examine the impact of adapted transfer learning on the performance of the GPT-2 model exclusively on various GPU architectures, assessing how different GPU strengths enhance or influence the model's efficiency. The work relies on an experimental method to evaluate and compare the model's performance in terms of accuracy, processing speed, and energy efficiency on each of the tested platforms. Special attention is given to analysing how different characteristics of hardware architectures, such as processing power and memory capacity, affect the efficiency of the transfer learning process. This study provides important insights into the potential for optimizing the GPT-2 model for specific hardware platforms, which is crucial for its application in a wide range of real-world scenarios. The results of this research offer valuable information for researchers in the fields of artificial intelligence and machine learning, providing a foundation for further development and improvement of AI technologies.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF GPT-2 MODEL APPLICATION WITH ADAPTED TRANSFER LEARNING ON VARIOUS HARDWARE ARCHITECTURES","authors":"Dejan Dodić, Dušan Regodić","doi":"10.61837/mbuir020124174d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61837/mbuir020124174d","url":null,"abstract":"This paper conducts an analysis of the efficiency in implementing the GPT-2 model, one of the advanced artificial intelligence models for text generation, through adapted transfer learning, focusing particularly on the utilization of various GPU architectures. The primary goal of this research is to examine the impact of adapted transfer learning on the performance of the GPT-2 model exclusively on various GPU architectures, assessing how different GPU strengths enhance or influence the model's efficiency. The work relies on an experimental method to evaluate and compare the model's performance in terms of accuracy, processing speed, and energy efficiency on each of the tested platforms. Special attention is given to analysing how different characteristics of hardware architectures, such as processing power and memory capacity, affect the efficiency of the transfer learning process. This study provides important insights into the potential for optimizing the GPT-2 model for specific hardware platforms, which is crucial for its application in a wide range of real-world scenarios. The results of this research offer valuable information for researchers in the fields of artificial intelligence and machine learning, providing a foundation for further development and improvement of AI technologies.","PeriodicalId":514816,"journal":{"name":"MB University International Review","volume":"21 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.61837/mbuir020124006m
Vesna Milanović, Vesna Miletić
Organizational outcomes are related to employees' satisfaction, their job performance and other job-related attitudes and behaviours. Accordingly, organizational outcomes are also related to employees' satisfaction with communication in their organization. Previous empirical research has shown that among communication dimensions, employees' satisfaction with supervisor's communication has the strongest relation to job satisfaction. Therefore, this paper examines employees' satisfaction with supervisor's communication. In addition, it examines supervisory and non-supervisory employees' attitudes to satisfaction with communication with their supervisor. Thus, the aim of this paper was to determine whether employees are satisfied with supervisor's communication as well as whether supervisory employees and non-supervisory employees are equally satisfied with the communication with their supervisor. 166 employees who work in banking organizations in the Belgrade region (Serbia) participated. Descriptive statistics were used to present and analyse the respondents' answers. The main finding has shown that the surveyed supervisory employees rated the communication with their supervisor well in contrast to non-supervisory employees. This finding suggests that supervisory employees in lower positions in the hierarchy of surveyed banking organizations in the Belgrade region should improve communication with their employees, and the management of these organizations should offer them a supervisor communication training program or a supervisor communication skills course, etc.
{"title":"SATISFACTION WITH SUPERVISOR'S COMMUNICATION AMONG EMPLOYEES IN BANKING ORGANIZATIONS","authors":"Vesna Milanović, Vesna Miletić","doi":"10.61837/mbuir020124006m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61837/mbuir020124006m","url":null,"abstract":"Organizational outcomes are related to employees' satisfaction, their job performance and other job-related attitudes and behaviours. Accordingly, organizational outcomes are also related to employees' satisfaction with communication in their organization. Previous empirical research has shown that among communication dimensions, employees' satisfaction with supervisor's communication has the strongest relation to job satisfaction. Therefore, this paper examines employees' satisfaction with supervisor's communication. In addition, it examines supervisory and non-supervisory employees' attitudes to satisfaction with communication with their supervisor. Thus, the aim of this paper was to determine whether employees are satisfied with supervisor's communication as well as whether supervisory employees and non-supervisory employees are equally satisfied with the communication with their supervisor. 166 employees who work in banking organizations in the Belgrade region (Serbia) participated. Descriptive statistics were used to present and analyse the respondents' answers. The main finding has shown that the surveyed supervisory employees rated the communication with their supervisor well in contrast to non-supervisory employees. This finding suggests that supervisory employees in lower positions in the hierarchy of surveyed banking organizations in the Belgrade region should improve communication with their employees, and the management of these organizations should offer them a supervisor communication training program or a supervisor communication skills course, etc.","PeriodicalId":514816,"journal":{"name":"MB University International Review","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.61837/mbuir020124152m
Borivoje Milošević, Dušan Regodić
Quantum computers, such as fusion reactors and personalized genetic medicine, have been just over the horizon for years, promising to change our lives. That hasn't stopped the technology from escaping University and lab rooms and into the private sector, where billions have been invested in companies trying to make it a reality. Today, quantum computing is already applied in all spheres of society, especially in situations where classical computers, no matter how powerful they are, cannot solve the given problems. The growing investment signifies confidence in quantum computing's ability to revolutionize various industrial sectors, from finance and pharmaceuticals to logistics and the automotive industry. The paper presents the solution of a specific task on a quantum computer, of course with an additional explanation of the functioning of its hardware and software.
{"title":"ONE APPROACH TO SOLVING PROBLEMS ON A QUANTUM COMPUTER","authors":"Borivoje Milošević, Dušan Regodić","doi":"10.61837/mbuir020124152m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61837/mbuir020124152m","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum computers, such as fusion reactors and personalized genetic medicine, have been just over the horizon for years, promising to change our lives. That hasn't stopped the technology from escaping University and lab rooms and into the private sector, where billions have been invested in companies trying to make it a reality. Today, quantum computing is already applied in all spheres of society, especially in situations where classical computers, no matter how powerful they are, cannot solve the given problems. The growing investment signifies confidence in quantum computing's ability to revolutionize various industrial sectors, from finance and pharmaceuticals to logistics and the automotive industry. The paper presents the solution of a specific task on a quantum computer, of course with an additional explanation of the functioning of its hardware and software.","PeriodicalId":514816,"journal":{"name":"MB University International Review","volume":"95 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.61837/mbuir020124131j
Zoran Jerotijević, Dušan Jerotijević
Forms of government, i.e. forms of state organization, are monarchy - the head of state is the monarch, and republic - the head of state is the president as an elected person. Between the monarchies themselves, as well as between the republics as a form of government, there are certain differences that are conditioned by historical, cultural, national and other specificities. In the conceptual history of the state, the forms of state government have long been discussed. The first philosophical observations about the forms of government were given by Plato in the work States. Monarchy is a form of government in which the executor and bearer of the highest state power is a permanently crowned person - a monarch who is not legally responsible, but is sovereign and "above" the law, is not subject to legal sanctions, and his position is fundamentally different from others in terms of the privileges he enjoys. In a broader sense, a monarchy is a form of government in which the basic power is exercised by one person. In the narrower sense, monarchy is a form of government in which the function of head, or head of state, is performed by one person who is not subject to legal and political responsibility, who performs his function for life, and that function is, as a rule, hereditary. To denote a monarchy, this name is not always used, but the expressions: empire - emperor, empire - emperor, duchy - duke etc. (the size of the territory, the size of the population, the real political power of the state) etc.
{"title":"THE EMPIRE OF JAPAN","authors":"Zoran Jerotijević, Dušan Jerotijević","doi":"10.61837/mbuir020124131j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61837/mbuir020124131j","url":null,"abstract":"Forms of government, i.e. forms of state organization, are monarchy - the head of state is the monarch, and republic - the head of state is the president as an elected person. Between the monarchies themselves, as well as between the republics as a form of government, there are certain differences that are conditioned by historical, cultural, national and other specificities. In the conceptual history of the state, the forms of state government have long been discussed. The first philosophical observations about the forms of government were given by Plato in the work States. Monarchy is a form of government in which the executor and bearer of the highest state power is a permanently crowned person - a monarch who is not legally responsible, but is sovereign and \"above\" the law, is not subject to legal sanctions, and his position is fundamentally different from others in terms of the privileges he enjoys. In a broader sense, a monarchy is a form of government in which the basic power is exercised by one person. In the narrower sense, monarchy is a form of government in which the function of head, or head of state, is performed by one person who is not subject to legal and political responsibility, who performs his function for life, and that function is, as a rule, hereditary. To denote a monarchy, this name is not always used, but the expressions: empire - emperor, empire - emperor, duchy - duke etc. (the size of the territory, the size of the population, the real political power of the state) etc.","PeriodicalId":514816,"journal":{"name":"MB University International Review","volume":"29 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.61837/mbuir020124055v
Vesela Vlašković, Snežana L. Maksimović
The interaction and influence of public-private partnership projects (PPPs) on sustainable development in Serbia is largely neglected. Currently, there are no policies in place that even tackle the possibility of including sustainability considerations in any phase of the PPPs implementation. Implementing good governance principles in PPPs can bring a wide range of benefits for the country. Good governance ensures efficient and timely execution of PPP projects, leading to the development of critical infrastructure such as roads, bridges, energy facilities, and healthcare facilities. This, in turn, contributes to economic growth and improved quality of life for the citizens. Transparent and accountable governance practices are also crucial for making Serbia a more attractive destination for foreign investors. Successful PPP projects generate employment opportunities, both directly through construction and operation phases and indirectly through associated industries. This contributes to economic growth and helps alleviate unemployment concerns. If well-designed indicators are included in any phase of the PPP cycle (e.g. in the procurement processes, through project specifications and award criteria), it can lead to greater efficiency and sustainability of the infrastructure projects, or provision of public services. On the other hand, by failing to incorporate economic, environmental, and social implications right from the beginning, public authorities can miss a unique opportunity to significantly reduce the whole life cycle costs of the PPPs projects. By developing sustainable development indicators and detecting which specific governance instruments and incentives can be implemented within PPP projects, the sustainability of public infrastructure and services delivered through PPPs in Serbia will be enhanced. In conclusion, the implementation of good governance principles in PPPs in Serbia not only ensures the successful execution of infrastructure projects but also brings about positive economic, social, and environmental impacts, positioning the country as an attractive destination for investments and collaboration.
{"title":"THE IMPORTANCE OF IMPLEMENTING GOOD GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES IN PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN SERBIA","authors":"Vesela Vlašković, Snežana L. Maksimović","doi":"10.61837/mbuir020124055v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61837/mbuir020124055v","url":null,"abstract":"The interaction and influence of public-private partnership projects (PPPs) on sustainable development in Serbia is largely neglected. Currently, there are no policies in place that even tackle the possibility of including sustainability considerations in any phase of the PPPs implementation. Implementing good governance principles in PPPs can bring a wide range of benefits for the country. Good governance ensures efficient and timely execution of PPP projects, leading to the development of critical infrastructure such as roads, bridges, energy facilities, and healthcare facilities. This, in turn, contributes to economic growth and improved quality of life for the citizens. Transparent and accountable governance practices are also crucial for making Serbia a more attractive destination for foreign investors. Successful PPP projects generate employment opportunities, both directly through construction and operation phases and indirectly through associated industries. This contributes to economic growth and helps alleviate unemployment concerns. If well-designed indicators are included in any phase of the PPP cycle (e.g. in the procurement processes, through project specifications and award criteria), it can lead to greater efficiency and sustainability of the infrastructure projects, or provision of public services. On the other hand, by failing to incorporate economic, environmental, and social implications right from the beginning, public authorities can miss a unique opportunity to significantly reduce the whole life cycle costs of the PPPs projects. By developing sustainable development indicators and detecting which specific governance instruments and incentives can be implemented within PPP projects, the sustainability of public infrastructure and services delivered through PPPs in Serbia will be enhanced. In conclusion, the implementation of good governance principles in PPPs in Serbia not only ensures the successful execution of infrastructure projects but also brings about positive economic, social, and environmental impacts, positioning the country as an attractive destination for investments and collaboration.","PeriodicalId":514816,"journal":{"name":"MB University International Review","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.61837/mbuir020124020r
Kristijan Ristić, Davor Macura
Nowadays, ecological taxes are considered one of the most attractive instruments of environmental policy. Their main idea is to change the price of natural resources in line with their scarcity, which corresponds to the fundamental principle of the market economy. Environmental taxes are means to correct, mitigate or eliminate diseconomies and other failings of the unregulated market. The motivation for their introduction is in fact the appropriate environmental resource management. It is assumed that the environmental tax in the amount of damage caused by particular economic activities would stimulate pollutants to include these damages in their production and consumption decisions.
{"title":"TAX POLICY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION –EARLIER TENDENCIES AND THEIR REFLECTION TODAY","authors":"Kristijan Ristić, Davor Macura","doi":"10.61837/mbuir020124020r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61837/mbuir020124020r","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, ecological taxes are considered one of the most attractive instruments of environmental policy. Their main idea is to change the price of natural resources in line with their scarcity, which corresponds to the fundamental principle of the market economy. Environmental taxes are means to correct, mitigate or eliminate diseconomies and other failings of the unregulated market. The motivation for their introduction is in fact the appropriate environmental resource management. It is assumed that the environmental tax in the amount of damage caused by particular economic activities would stimulate pollutants to include these damages in their production and consumption decisions.","PeriodicalId":514816,"journal":{"name":"MB University International Review","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.61837/mbuir020124028e
Rania Elbashir
The purpose of the research is to determine the main causes of bad debts, to determine how bad debts are managed in banks and the extent of their conformity with banking policies, and find solutions to the problem of debtors failing to fulfil their obligations. The two research questions that this paper deals with are the following: a) What are the preventive measures that banks take to address bad debts? b) What extent does the Central Bank of Libya intervene in directing bank credit? Important literature guiding this research includes the concept of default, its stages, and the banking treatment of troubled debts, and Alternatives to Dealing with Troubled Debt prepared by the Research and Information Centre at the College of Economics for Administrative Sciences and the Sudan Academy for Banking and Financial Studies. Qualitative research design is focused on the fact that early detection of bad debts would spare the community these losses and open up the opportunity for optimal exploitation of its funds in a way that guarantees economic progress and ensures that the banks operating in it increase their ability to continue in the banking market, protect their conduct, and draw their attention to the risks that threaten the stability of the projects that are for society. The search methods are used to develop banks’ capabilities in treating their troubled debts, not only by stopping granting credit or being strict, but they must also carry out the process of monitoring and this will only be done by using early debt detection tools which are financial analysis tools and credit information system so that banks can perform their main role effectively. There are two main results in the research. First: Financial failure does not occur all at once, but rather passes through several stages to reach the intractable stage of failure. Knowing these stages leads to correct treatment of financial failure in its initial stage. Second: The causes of insolvency in financial institutions are due to common matters between the institution itself, the debtors, and the surrounding circumstances. The policy implications are that bad bank debts are considered one of the most serious problems facing the banking system and the state’s economic activity because of their costly consequences and complex effects. Their impact is not limited to the present only, but extends to the future because of the instability that occurs and the shaking of the structure of trust in the bank and the elements and units of banking. Implications for practice are related to the management of the funded project, including the lack of correct and accurate data about the project, and reliance on wrong feasibility studies based on assumptions. Using debt for purposes other than those for which it was granted leads to the project assuming obligations that it will not be able to fulfil. Lack of administrative and technological expertise among those in charge of the project, lack of experience in
研究的目的是确定坏账的主要原因，确定银行是如何管理坏账的以及坏账在多大程度上符合银行政策，并找到解决债务人不履行义务问题的办法。本文涉及的两个研究问题如下：a) 银行为解决坏账问题采取了哪些预防措施？ b) 利比亚中央银行在多大程度上干预了银行信贷指导？指导本研究的重要文献包括违约的概念、违约的阶段、银行对问题债务的处理方法，以及行政管理科学经济学院研究与信息中心和苏丹银行与金融研究院编写的《处理问题债务的替代方法》。定性研究设计的重点是，及早发现坏账将使社会免受这些损失，并为其资金的优化利用开辟机会，从而保证经济进步，确保在其中运营的银行提高其在银行市场上的持续经营能力，保护其行为，并提请其注意威胁社会项目稳定的风险。搜索方法用于培养银行处理问题债务的能力，不仅仅是停止发放贷款或严格把关，还必须进行过程监控，只有使用早期债务检测工具，即金融分析工具和征信系统，才能使银行有效发挥其主要作用。这项研究有两项主要成果。第一：财务失败并不是一下子发生的，而是要经过几个阶段才能达到棘手的失败阶段。了解了这些阶段，就能正确对待初始阶段的财务失败。第二：金融机构破产的原因是由机构本身、债务人和周围环境之间的共同问题造成的。其政策含义是，银行坏账因其代价高昂的后果和复杂的影响而被视为银行系统和国家经济活动面临的最严重问题之一。坏账的影响不仅限于当前，还会延伸到未来，因为坏账会造成不稳定，动摇人们对银行的信任结构以及银行业的要素和单位。对实践的影响与融资项目的管理有关，包括缺乏正确和准确的项目数据，以及依赖基于假设的错误可行性研究。将债务用于授予目的之外的其他目的，导致项目承担无法履行的义务。项目负责人缺乏行政和技术专业知识，项目负责人缺乏经验，缺乏管理项目的必要技能，以及无力偿债和破产。
{"title":"TOOLS AND POLICIES FOR EARLY DETECTION OF BAD DEBTS","authors":"Rania Elbashir","doi":"10.61837/mbuir020124028e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61837/mbuir020124028e","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is to determine the main causes of bad debts, to determine how bad debts are managed in banks and the extent of their conformity with banking policies, and find solutions to the problem of debtors failing to fulfil their obligations. The two research questions that this paper deals with are the following: a) What are the preventive measures that banks take to address bad debts? b) What extent does the Central Bank of Libya intervene in directing bank credit? Important literature guiding this research includes the concept of default, its stages, and the banking treatment of troubled debts, and Alternatives to Dealing with Troubled Debt prepared by the Research and Information Centre at the College of Economics for Administrative Sciences and the Sudan Academy for Banking and Financial Studies. Qualitative research design is focused on the fact that early detection of bad debts would spare the community these losses and open up the opportunity for optimal exploitation of its funds in a way that guarantees economic progress and ensures that the banks operating in it increase their ability to continue in the banking market, protect their conduct, and draw their attention to the risks that threaten the stability of the projects that are for society. The search methods are used to develop banks’ capabilities in treating their troubled debts, not only by stopping granting credit or being strict, but they must also carry out the process of monitoring and this will only be done by using early debt detection tools which are financial analysis tools and credit information system so that banks can perform their main role effectively. There are two main results in the research. First: Financial failure does not occur all at once, but rather passes through several stages to reach the intractable stage of failure. Knowing these stages leads to correct treatment of financial failure in its initial stage. Second: The causes of insolvency in financial institutions are due to common matters between the institution itself, the debtors, and the surrounding circumstances. The policy implications are that bad bank debts are considered one of the most serious problems facing the banking system and the state’s economic activity because of their costly consequences and complex effects. Their impact is not limited to the present only, but extends to the future because of the instability that occurs and the shaking of the structure of trust in the bank and the elements and units of banking. Implications for practice are related to the management of the funded project, including the lack of correct and accurate data about the project, and reliance on wrong feasibility studies based on assumptions. Using debt for purposes other than those for which it was granted leads to the project assuming obligations that it will not be able to fulfil. Lack of administrative and technological expertise among those in charge of the project, lack of experience in","PeriodicalId":514816,"journal":{"name":"MB University International Review","volume":"29 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141805023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.61837/mbuir020124104m
D. Manojlovic, D. Lazić
The paper will investigate the aspects of the deadly attack on the citizens of the suburban settlement of Dubona in the city municipality of Mladenovac — the city of Belgrade, and the settlement of Malo Orašje — the city of Smederevo, from May 4th, 2023, which resulted in the loss of life and the injury of several people. The aim of the research is to come to the following conclusion, is it a legal right of a citizen to expect his life to be protected? Was the deadly attack predictable? On what principles are the powers of the authority based, which, according to them, is obliged to provide protection to the citizen — his bodily integrity and any other integrity? Did the body authorized to protect citizens from the deadly attack that was carried out on May 4th, 2023 act in accordance with its obligations in the case of the crime in the suburban settlement of Dubona of the city municipality of Mladenovac - the city of Belgrade, and Malo Orašje, a populated place - the city of Smederevo? Who is responsible for the deadly attack? Based on the research, it is established that: for the deadly attack on May 4th, 2024 in the suburban settlement of Dubona in the municipality of Mladenovac - the city of Belgrade, and Malo Orašje, a settlement in the city of Smederevo, the citizens of the Republic of Serbia who decide to entrust and transfer their powers to authority—the government that exercises the powers delegated to it on their behalf; the government of the Republic of Serbia — its Ministry of Internal Affairs — its Police Directorate and its organizational units are responsible: the Police Administration for the city of Belgrade and the city of Smederevo; managers in those organizational units who are obliged by law to provide protection to citizens for the peaceful enjoyment of their rights; the deadly attack was predictable; authorities could have prepared for proactive action and prevented the deadly attack.
{"title":"DEADLY ATTACK: DUBONA AND MALO ORASJE: LEAVE THE PROTECTOR","authors":"D. Manojlovic, D. Lazić","doi":"10.61837/mbuir020124104m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61837/mbuir020124104m","url":null,"abstract":"The paper will investigate the aspects of the deadly attack on the citizens of the suburban settlement of Dubona in the city municipality of Mladenovac — the city of Belgrade, and the settlement of Malo Orašje — the city of Smederevo, from May 4th, 2023, which resulted in the loss of life and the injury of several people. The aim of the research is to come to the following conclusion, is it a legal right of a citizen to expect his life to be protected? Was the deadly attack predictable? On what principles are the powers of the authority based, which, according to them, is obliged to provide protection to the citizen — his bodily integrity and any other integrity? Did the body authorized to protect citizens from the deadly attack that was carried out on May 4th, 2023 act in accordance with its obligations in the case of the crime in the suburban settlement of Dubona of the city municipality of Mladenovac - the city of Belgrade, and Malo Orašje, a populated place - the city of Smederevo? Who is responsible for the deadly attack? Based on the research, it is established that: for the deadly attack on May 4th, 2024 in the suburban settlement of Dubona in the municipality of Mladenovac - the city of Belgrade, and Malo Orašje, a settlement in the city of Smederevo, the citizens of the Republic of Serbia who decide to entrust and transfer their powers to authority—the government that exercises the powers delegated to it on their behalf; the government of the Republic of Serbia — its Ministry of Internal Affairs — its Police Directorate and its organizational units are responsible: the Police Administration for the city of Belgrade and the city of Smederevo; managers in those organizational units who are obliged by law to provide protection to citizens for the peaceful enjoyment of their rights; the deadly attack was predictable; authorities could have prepared for proactive action and prevented the deadly attack.","PeriodicalId":514816,"journal":{"name":"MB University International Review","volume":"40 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141805127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.61837/mbuir020124068d
Neđo Danilović, Samra Dečković
The subject of this paper is an epistemological analysis of the basic terminological definitions of the term terrorism. The paper, from a theoretical and methodological point of view, confirms earlier knowledge that there is no uniformity in the definition of terrorism in world literature and international legal legislation. Descriptions and scientific explanations of the meaning of the term terrorism by numerous authors are very diverse, starting with the fact that organized crime is a part of terrorism, and ending with the fact that piracy is a terrorist act. From an epistemological point of view, the paper confirms that, ranging from the phenomenology of the terrorist act to what leaves consequences for the victim, there are great differences in the understanding of the phenomenon of terrorism. The results of the comparative analysis of the available theoretical and legal definitions of terrorism confirmed that there is no necessary level of agreement regarding the definition of terrorism in domestic, European and world literature. The collision between the theoretical definitions of this term and the definitions of terrorism in legal acts on the prevention of terrorist financing is particularly noticeable. Precisely because of the lack of a generally acceptable definition of the term terrorism in legislative legal acts at the international level, it often happened that one person or socio-political group was treated as terrorists in some cases, while another person or socio-political group in the same or similar situations, freedom fighters. Starting from such a point of view, in the conclusion of the work, a synthetic, working and characteristic definition of terrorism is offered, which can represent a modest contribution to the construction of an internationally acceptable scientific definition of terrorism as a complex and complex socio-political phenomenon. The proposed definition has an epistemological cognitive value, because it contains the basic meaning of the term terrorism. In addition, the proposed definition fulfils all eight methodological criteria for defining theoretical terms, first of all, the criteria of objectivity and content, diversity and inclusiveness, complexity and development, equivalence and proportionality, as well as the criterion of dialectics.
{"title":"EPISTEMOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE BASIC TERMINOLOGICAL DEFINITIONS OF THE TERM TERRORISM","authors":"Neđo Danilović, Samra Dečković","doi":"10.61837/mbuir020124068d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61837/mbuir020124068d","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of this paper is an epistemological analysis of the basic terminological definitions of the term terrorism. The paper, from a theoretical and methodological point of view, confirms earlier knowledge that there is no uniformity in the definition of terrorism in world literature and international legal legislation. Descriptions and scientific explanations of the meaning of the term terrorism by numerous authors are very diverse, starting with the fact that organized crime is a part of terrorism, and ending with the fact that piracy is a terrorist act. From an epistemological point of view, the paper confirms that, ranging from the phenomenology of the terrorist act to what leaves consequences for the victim, there are great differences in the understanding of the phenomenon of terrorism. The results of the comparative analysis of the available theoretical and legal definitions of terrorism confirmed that there is no necessary level of agreement regarding the definition of terrorism in domestic, European and world literature. The collision between the theoretical definitions of this term and the definitions of terrorism in legal acts on the prevention of terrorist financing is particularly noticeable. Precisely because of the lack of a generally acceptable definition of the term terrorism in legislative legal acts at the international level, it often happened that one person or socio-political group was treated as terrorists in some cases, while another person or socio-political group in the same or similar situations, freedom fighters. Starting from such a point of view, in the conclusion of the work, a synthetic, working and characteristic definition of terrorism is offered, which can represent a modest contribution to the construction of an internationally acceptable scientific definition of terrorism as a complex and complex socio-political phenomenon. The proposed definition has an epistemological cognitive value, because it contains the basic meaning of the term terrorism. In addition, the proposed definition fulfils all eight methodological criteria for defining theoretical terms, first of all, the criteria of objectivity and content, diversity and inclusiveness, complexity and development, equivalence and proportionality, as well as the criterion of dialectics.","PeriodicalId":514816,"journal":{"name":"MB University International Review","volume":"58 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141805630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.61837/mbuir020124087k
Boris Krivokapić
In addition to norms, institutes, and mechanisms for their enactment, publication, and interpretation, each legal system also has elements that provide insight into how the adopted rules are implemented and what is undertaken when it is determined that there is a discrepancy between what is prescribed and what happens in reality. This also applies when it comes to human rights law - that part of international and national law that regulates human rights. After the introductory part, the paper deals with fundamental problems concerning the concept and types of supervision over the observance of human rights, and then the concept and types of internal supervision of states over the observance of human rights. After that transboundary supervision of states over respect for human rights (the concept of cross-border supervision by states, diplomatic protection, etc.) and supervision over respect for the rights of foreign citizens - groups and individuals are discussed. In the concluding remarks, the author points out that not only do states themselves or on the initiative of other subjects exercise control over the state of human rights, provide protection of specific human rights and their holders, etc. but they also monitor the state of human rights in other countries and, when necessary, take steps within the limits of international law. The author underlines that efforts to ensure the free, complete, and safe enjoyment of human rights must not turn into some form of abuse. For better understanding, he gives a few interesting examples from contemporary practice.
{"title":"THE ROLE OF STATES IN THE SUPERVISION OF HUMAN RIGHTS","authors":"Boris Krivokapić","doi":"10.61837/mbuir020124087k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61837/mbuir020124087k","url":null,"abstract":"In addition to norms, institutes, and mechanisms for their enactment, publication, and interpretation, each legal system also has elements that provide insight into how the adopted rules are implemented and what is undertaken when it is determined that there is a discrepancy between what is prescribed and what happens in reality. This also applies when it comes to human rights law - that part of international and national law that regulates human rights. After the introductory part, the paper deals with fundamental problems concerning the concept and types of supervision over the observance of human rights, and then the concept and types of internal supervision of states over the observance of human rights. After that transboundary supervision of states over respect for human rights (the concept of cross-border supervision by states, diplomatic protection, etc.) and supervision over respect for the rights of foreign citizens - groups and individuals are discussed. In the concluding remarks, the author points out that not only do states themselves or on the initiative of other subjects exercise control over the state of human rights, provide protection of specific human rights and their holders, etc. but they also monitor the state of human rights in other countries and, when necessary, take steps within the limits of international law. The author underlines that efforts to ensure the free, complete, and safe enjoyment of human rights must not turn into some form of abuse. For better understanding, he gives a few interesting examples from contemporary practice.","PeriodicalId":514816,"journal":{"name":"MB University International Review","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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