Ajidd-American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities最新文献

Children with developmental delays (DD) are at heightened risk for developing behavior problems, which contribute to parenting stress and caregiving burden. There is an established relation between parenting behaviors and child developmental outcomes with less known about parent-child interactions in young children with DD. The present study examined the associations between parenting behaviors and child behavior in a sample of 180 families with preschool-aged children with DD. Results indicated that caregivers' harsh and coercive behaviors were associated with observed challenging behavior in children. Child age, as well as the number of commands issued by caregivers were associated with noncompliance in children. The significance and limitations of these findings are discussed, as well as recommendations for interventions and future research.

We aimed to (a) provide nationally representative estimates of food insecurity (FI) among children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), and (b) determine the association between FI and four health outcomes (overall health, problem behavior, activities of daily living, functional limitations) in 5,657 children with IDD compared to 1:1 propensity score matched children without IDD. Mixed-effects ordered logistic regression models were used. Children with IDD were more likely to experience FI than children without IDD (43.3% vs. 30.0%, p < 0.001). FI and IDD were independently associated with worse scores on all four health outcomes. Having both FI and IDD further exacerbated the adverse impacts on these health outcomes. The association was stronger among children with moderate-to-severe FI than those with mild FI.

Mindfulness-based programs can help lower psychological distress among parents of children with developmental disabilities. However, less is known about the functions of mindfulness in relation to parental outcomes. In a cross-sectional survey, mothers of children with developmental disabilities (N = 313) reported on their child's behavior problems, trait mindfulness, mindful parenting, and a range of outcomes (anxiety and depression symptoms, parenting stress, family satisfaction, and positive gain). Neither trait mindfulness or mindful parenting acted as moderators between child behavior problems and outcome variables, although both had main effect (compensatory) associations with parent outcomes. Benefits of mindfulness-based programs may be general rather than specifically in the context of high child behavior problems, given the lack of evidence for the moderating function of mindfulness.

Choice making is an important aspect of everyone's life in terms of fully becoming an adult within a democratic society. People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are at risk for diminished choice making due to various factors, including guardianships; dependence on supports that are not person-centered; and, in some cases, limited capacity to express one's desires effectively. Independent Monitoring for Quality (IM4Q) data for 9,195 and 9,817 for adult services users with IDD were analyzed across two types of choice. Repeated measures mixed regression examined choice over time after controlling for age, support needs, residence type, and community type. We found significant increases in everyday choice making among IDD service users in Pennsylvania, but not in support-related choice. This study is the first to our knowledge to consider change in choice making, an important indicator of rights and inclusion for persons with IDD. By comparing three waves of data from the state of Pennsylvania (2013, 2016, and 2019), we were able to detect changes in choice making over time among home and community-based service (HCBS) users with IDD.

This commentary highlights pervasive challenges related to the science of intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), which we often take for granted. We argue that social power asymmetry and entrenched patterns of epistemic injustices undermine our science and call attention to the need to maximize our efforts to undo these unfair practices to enhance future care and research in IDD.

Lack of diversity in IDD research is typically conceptualized only in terms of (1) recruitment of samples that do not appropriately represent the sociodemographics of the population, or (2) the limited number of researchers from historically marginalized backgrounds. Critically, the field also suffers from over-reliance on perspectives and social systems of dominant culture-both in how disability is regarded and in relation to other dimensions of identity and culture. These lenses lead to research findings that reinforce, rather than reduce, social inequities. We propose a framework that minimizes reliance on diagnostic categories, shifts from deficit- to person-centered models, acknowledges people's multiple identities, and includes self-advocates and diverse communities as partners in the research enterprise. The systems change necessary to support this framework is described.