Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.12.009
Jillian E. Austin, Andrea M. Begotka
Childhood constipation and painful defecation is common, affecting 68% to 86% of children. Over 90% withhold stool, some only defecating in a diaper. Behavioral therapy is effective for encopresis, but there is minimal research on treating toilet avoidance. This study investigates a novel protocol to eliminate diapers in children with toilet avoidance.
A diaper fading protocol was used with four children with toilet avoidance. Children were instructed to defecate in the bathroom, moving progressively closer to the toilet until they eventually sat on the toilet with the diaper. As needed, diapers were then faded by cutting increasingly wider slits in the base of the diaper so that stool could pass into the toilet. The cut widened until the diaper was eliminated entirely.
Four children (three boys, average 5.22 years old) successfully completed toilet training using the diaper fading protocol in an average of 9.75 sessions. Delivery of treatment via telehealth was shown to be effective. The diaper fading protocol effectively and flexibly assisted toilet training in four children with stool withholding and toileting avoidance. Future work should investigate whether caregivers can utilize the protocol without ongoing support, or on a consultation basis only, to reduce the burden on health care workers with long waitlists.
{"title":"A Diaper Fading Protocol to Treat Toilet Refusal: Four Case Studies","authors":"Jillian E. Austin, Andrea M. Begotka","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Childhood constipation and painful defecation is common, affecting 68% to 86% of children. Over 90% withhold stool, some only defecating in a diaper. Behavioral therapy is effective for encopresis, but there is minimal research on treating toilet avoidance. This study investigates a novel protocol to eliminate diapers in children with toilet avoidance.</p><p>A diaper fading protocol was used with four children with toilet avoidance. Children were instructed to defecate in the bathroom, moving progressively closer to the toilet until they eventually sat on the toilet with the diaper. As needed, diapers were then faded by cutting increasingly wider slits in the base of the diaper so that stool could pass into the toilet. The cut widened until the diaper was eliminated entirely.</p><p>Four children (three boys, average 5.22 years old) successfully completed toilet training using the diaper fading protocol in an average of 9.75 sessions. Delivery of treatment via telehealth was shown to be effective. The diaper fading protocol effectively and flexibly assisted toilet training in four children with stool withholding and toileting avoidance. Future work should investigate whether caregivers can utilize the protocol without ongoing support, or on a consultation basis only, to reduce the burden on health care workers with long waitlists.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51511,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139555640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is used widely throughout the world in diverse populations for successful treatment of a wide range of psychiatric and comorbid conditions. Over the years clinicians have been making efforts to culturally adapt CBT to various groups. This paper discusses the assessment and treatment of a young female from Pakistan with depression and anxiety with comorbid headache. After ruling out all organic causes, the treatment continued over 20 sessions with the initial phase consisting of introduction to CBT, risk assessment, and identification of treatment goals. Following this, the patient was helped in identifying automatic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Finally, tools such as thought substitutions, reappraisals, and positive diversions were used effectively to decrease automatic negative thoughts. A focus on the patient’s religio-cultural identity was maintained throughout. Understanding of contextual factors like religio-cultural values and family dynamics helped to bring about favorable therapy outcomes. A case conceptualization that cohesively addressed factors relating to ethnicity, class, and gender yielded a positive result in our case. Involvement of the family and psychoeducation regarding neurobiological causes also proved to be helpful. Such an approach can facilitate a culturally responsive application of CBT in Pakistani youth experiencing comorbid medical and psychiatric disorders.
{"title":"Culturally Responsive CBT for Psychological and Physical Symptoms in Pakistani Youth: Role of Religious and Cultural Attunement","authors":"Tania Nadeem, Nargis Asad, Sahar Nadeem Hamid, Pinar Farooq, Fauzia Mahr","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is used widely throughout the world in diverse populations for successful treatment of a wide range of psychiatric and comorbid conditions. Over the years clinicians have been making efforts to culturally adapt CBT to various groups. This paper discusses the assessment and treatment of a young female from Pakistan with depression and anxiety with comorbid headache. After ruling out all organic causes, the treatment continued over 20 sessions with the initial phase consisting of introduction to CBT, risk assessment, and identification of treatment goals. Following this, the patient was helped in identifying automatic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Finally, tools such as thought substitutions, reappraisals, and positive diversions were used effectively to decrease automatic negative thoughts. A focus on the patient’s religio-cultural identity was maintained throughout. Understanding of contextual factors like religio-cultural values and family dynamics helped to bring about favorable therapy outcomes. A case conceptualization that cohesively addressed factors relating to ethnicity, class, and gender yielded a positive result in our case. Involvement of the family and psychoeducation regarding neurobiological causes also proved to be helpful. Such an approach can facilitate a culturally responsive application of CBT in Pakistani youth experiencing comorbid medical and psychiatric disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51511,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139498539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-18DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.12.008
Justine Bautista, Michelle Liu, Marisol Alvarez, Stephen M. Schueller
Sanvello is a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) app available as a web platform and a native app for both Android and iOS. Sanvello can be used for free, with additional premium content available in a paid version. It is targeted for adults with mild to moderate symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress and has a solid evidence base to support its efficacy. Sanvello is user-friendly and intuitive, with good user experience and appropriate privacy and data security measures. Sanvello’s free version consists mainly of self-care and peer support content, allowing users to engage with tools such as in-app activities personalized through initial user assessments, and community pages. A paid version provides additional content through a subscription model and coaching available for a monthly fee. Professional support is available either through insurance coverage of a pay-per-appointment model. Despite a solid evidence base, various features, and a library of content, identified areas of improvement include expanding the psychoeducation materials and articles to include more timely resources and the diversity of its potential users. For these reasons, we have rated Sanvello with a 5 in utility, and ease of use/overall appeal along with a 4 in appropriateness of content and research evidence. Overall, Sanvello provides a variety of evidence-based cognitive and behavioral skills and, for those with the paid version, the opportunity to connect with professionals for additional support.
{"title":"Multi-Media Field Test: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy at Our Fingertips: Sanvello Provides On-Demand Support for Mental Health","authors":"Justine Bautista, Michelle Liu, Marisol Alvarez, Stephen M. Schueller","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.12.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sanvello is a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) app available as a web platform and a native app for both Android and iOS. Sanvello can be used for free, with additional premium content available in a paid version. It is targeted for adults with mild to moderate symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress and has a solid evidence base to support its efficacy. Sanvello is user-friendly and intuitive, with good user experience and appropriate privacy and data security measures. Sanvello’s free version consists mainly of self-care and peer support content, allowing users to engage with tools such as in-app activities personalized through initial user assessments, and community pages. A paid version provides additional content through a subscription model and coaching available for a monthly fee. Professional support is available either through insurance coverage of a pay-per-appointment model. Despite a solid evidence base, various features, and a library of content, identified areas of improvement include expanding the psychoeducation materials and articles to include more timely resources and the diversity of its potential users. For these reasons, we have rated Sanvello with a 5 in utility, and ease of use/overall appeal along with a 4 in appropriateness of content and research evidence. Overall, Sanvello provides a variety of evidence-based cognitive and behavioral skills and, for those with the paid version, the opportunity to connect with professionals for additional support.</p>","PeriodicalId":51511,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139498287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-18DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.12.006
Mia S. O'Toole, Mai B. Mikkelsen, Joanna J. Arch, Nina M. Tauber, Emma Elkjær, Johannes Michalak
A large minority of psychotherapists endorse practicing integrative therapy, drawing from different schools of therapy, and an increasing number of contemporary therapies are designed by combining elements or components from different treatment models (e.g., modular treatments, process-based therapy). As a result, clients are likely to be the recipients of a number of different techniques or strategies, based on different theoretical models, emphasizing different change principles. This paper sets out to explore the potential challenges introduced by integrative treatments, exemplified with the diverse therapies found under the umbrella of cognitive behavioral therapies (CBTs). Although several scholars have proposed a unifying agenda for CBTs by underscoring commonalities and shared change principles, which is an important perspective, the extent to which compatibility exists between CBTs remains an underexplored scientific question. In this paper, we argue that integrative therapy can risk detracting from a positive outcome when the compatibility between distinct strategies or components is not ensured. We call for practitioners and researchers to ensure combinatory congruency, that is, compatibility between components manifested as their efficient and effective delivery together. We conclude by suggesting ways in which combinatory congruency can be established in the design phase of an integrative treatment or as an important step in additive and dismantling studies of existing integrative treatment packages.
{"title":"Compatibility of Components in Cognitive Behavioral Therapies: A Call for Combinatory Congruency","authors":"Mia S. O'Toole, Mai B. Mikkelsen, Joanna J. Arch, Nina M. Tauber, Emma Elkjær, Johannes Michalak","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.12.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A large minority of psychotherapists endorse practicing integrative therapy, drawing from different schools of therapy, and an increasing number of contemporary therapies are designed by combining elements or components from different treatment models (e.g., modular treatments, process-based therapy). As a result, clients are likely to be the recipients of a number of different techniques or strategies, based on different theoretical models, emphasizing different change principles. This paper sets out to explore the potential challenges introduced by integrative treatments, exemplified with the diverse therapies found under the umbrella of cognitive behavioral therapies (CBTs). Although several scholars have proposed a unifying agenda for CBTs by underscoring commonalities and shared change principles, which is an important perspective, the extent to which compatibility exists between CBTs remains an underexplored scientific question. In this paper, we argue that integrative therapy can risk detracting from a positive outcome when the compatibility between distinct strategies or components is not ensured. We call for practitioners and researchers to ensure <em>combinatory congruency</em>, that is, compatibility between components manifested as their efficient and effective delivery together. We conclude by suggesting ways in which combinatory congruency can be established in the design phase of an integrative treatment or as an important step in additive and dismantling studies of existing integrative treatment packages.</p>","PeriodicalId":51511,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139498623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-04DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.12.005
Abigail M. Stark, Julianne W. Tirpak, Esther S. Tung, Victoria Sheppard, R. Meredith Elkins
Practitioners may hesitate to treat patients with a history of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) using exposure therapy due to concerns that exposures will increase these risk-related behaviors. However, when NSSI/STBs are exacerbated by distress associated with anxiety disorders or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), lack of treatment can worsen disability. This case report describes the treatment of a 14-year-old gender-fluid individual with symptoms of multiple anxiety disorders, OCD, and borderline personality disorder (including emotion dysregulation, chronic suicidality, and NSSI). Treatment involved dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) for “stage one” of treatment, including maintaining behavioral control over self-harm and suicidal behaviors, followed by intensive exposure and response prevention (ERP) during “stage two” of treatment. Upon discharge, the client had maintained an absence of NSSI/STBs, demonstrated reductions in anxiety and OC symptoms, observed further decreased familial accommodation, and improved daily functioning. In addition, the client’s parents exhibited an improved capacity to regulate their own emotions (before responding to the client), more validating responses, and reduction in familial accommodation. This case report supports the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of exposure therapy for individuals in “stage two” of DBT and highlights the role of exposure as an important emotion regulation strategy to reduce OCD and anxiety symptoms in patients with a history of self-harm and suicidality. Challenges, successes, and future directions are discussed.
{"title":"Intensive Exposure Therapy for an Individual With History of Self-Harm and Suicidality","authors":"Abigail M. Stark, Julianne W. Tirpak, Esther S. Tung, Victoria Sheppard, R. Meredith Elkins","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.12.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Practitioners may hesitate to treat patients with a history of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) using exposure therapy due to concerns that exposures will increase these risk-related behaviors. However, when NSSI/STBs are exacerbated by distress associated with anxiety disorders or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), lack of treatment can worsen disability. This case report describes the treatment of a 14-year-old gender-fluid individual with symptoms of multiple anxiety disorders, OCD, and borderline personality disorder (including emotion dysregulation, chronic suicidality, and NSSI). Treatment involved dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) for “stage one” of treatment, including maintaining behavioral control over self-harm and suicidal behaviors, followed by intensive exposure and response prevention (ERP) during “stage two” of treatment. Upon discharge, the client had maintained an absence of NSSI/STBs, demonstrated reductions in anxiety and OC symptoms, observed further decreased familial accommodation, and improved daily functioning. In addition, the client’s parents exhibited an improved capacity to regulate their own emotions (before responding to the client), more validating responses, and reduction in familial accommodation. This case report supports the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of exposure therapy for individuals in “stage two” of DBT and highlights the role of exposure as an important emotion regulation strategy to reduce OCD and anxiety symptoms in patients with a history of self-harm and suicidality. Challenges, successes, and future directions are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":51511,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139104698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.12.004
Corinne Catarozoli, Eliana Butler, Karishma Parikh, Barry Kosofsky
While many youths recover from concussions within several weeks, a subset of patients experience persistent postconcussive symptoms (PPCS), lasting 4 weeks or longer. PPCS have a significant negative impact on children’s social and academic functioning, often leading to extended absences from school, disruption of normal activities, and increased mental health burden. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has demonstrated promise as a treatment for PPCS but requires tailoring to specifically address concussion-related targets. This paper describes the clinical adaptation of CBT for pediatric patients with PPCS, including core intervention modifications and recommendations for the implementation and delivery of CBT in medical settings. A model of an integrated concussion clinic with pediatric neurology and psychology is discussed.
{"title":"Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Persistent Post-Concussive Symptoms in Youth: Adaptations, Treatment Recommendations, and Implementation in Medical Settings","authors":"Corinne Catarozoli, Eliana Butler, Karishma Parikh, Barry Kosofsky","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While many youths recover from concussions within several weeks, a subset of patients experience persistent postconcussive symptoms (PPCS), lasting 4 weeks or longer. PPCS have a significant negative impact on children’s social and academic functioning, often leading to extended absences from school, disruption of normal activities, and increased mental health burden. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has demonstrated promise as a treatment for PPCS but requires tailoring to specifically address concussion-related targets. This paper describes the clinical adaptation of CBT for pediatric patients with PPCS, including core intervention modifications and recommendations for the implementation and delivery of CBT in medical settings. A model of an integrated concussion clinic with pediatric neurology and psychology is discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51511,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139374038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.12.002
Cal D. Brisbin, Zachary A. Soulliard, Marc Puccinelli, Audrey Harkness, Benjamin K. Fetzner, Steven A. Safren, John E. Pachankis
Sexual minority men seek out mental health treatment at approximately twice the rate of the general population, with minority stress being the most likely explanation for this population’s heightened mental and behavioral health concerns and associated treatment seeking. However, little research identifies sexual minority men’s mental health treatment goals, thereby potentially hindering tailored treatment development and clinicians’ preparation. The present study qualitatively identifies treatment goals among 94 ethnically diverse, majority cisgender sexual minority men who participated in a trial of LGBTQ-affirmative CBT. Analyses identified 44 unique treatment goals across 10 themes (e.g., Increase Affirmation and Acceptance of Sexual Minority Identity, Address Instant Gratification as a Form of Coping). Results highlight the relevance of this population’s sexual minority identities and associated stressors to their treatment goals, prepare clinicians to expect to address these goals when working with sexual minority men, extend existing goal taxonomies to consider this population’s distinct treatment needs, and highlight the importance of goal-driven evidence-based practice for this population.
{"title":"Treatment Goals of Sexual Minority Men in LGBTQ-Affirmative CBT","authors":"Cal D. Brisbin, Zachary A. Soulliard, Marc Puccinelli, Audrey Harkness, Benjamin K. Fetzner, Steven A. Safren, John E. Pachankis","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.12.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sexual minority men seek out mental health treatment at approximately twice the rate of the general population, with minority stress being the most likely explanation for this population’s heightened mental and behavioral health concerns and associated treatment seeking. However, little research identifies sexual minority men’s mental health treatment goals, thereby potentially hindering tailored treatment development and clinicians’ preparation. The present study qualitatively identifies treatment goals among 94 ethnically diverse, majority cisgender sexual minority men who participated in a trial of LGBTQ-affirmative CBT. Analyses identified 44 unique treatment goals across 10 themes (e.g., Increase Affirmation and Acceptance of Sexual Minority Identity, Address Instant Gratification as a Form of Coping). Results highlight the relevance of this population’s sexual minority identities and associated stressors to their treatment goals, prepare clinicians to expect to address these goals when working with sexual minority men, extend existing goal taxonomies to consider this population’s distinct treatment needs, and highlight the importance of goal-driven evidence-based practice for this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":51511,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139056924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.09.005
Jessica M. McClure, F. Lynne Merk, Jeffrey Anderson, Avneesh Aggarwal, Lori J. Stark
Integrated behavioral health (IBH) in primary care is growing as an approach to decrease barriers and provide earlier intervention for youth experiencing behavioral and mental health symptoms. However, increasing access to mental health providers alone without ensuring evidence-based treatment (EBT) is provided will not sufficiently address the current mental health crisis. To spread to scale, IBH needs to be implemented and tested in community-based practices with integrity to EBT. This paper provides a model for implementing cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in community pediatric primary care via master’s prepared therapists through an academic-community partnership. This paper describes the hiring practices, training in CBT, ongoing supervision and consultation, and use of data to inform the evolution of the model. Using a retrospective review of the rate of emergency department (ED) admissions per 1,000 patients with a diagnosis of depression, we compared practices enrolled in our academic-community partnership IBH model to practices who implemented their own IBH and practices with no IBH. Across a four-year period, we found that practices enrolled in the academic-community partnership IBH model had a lower number of patients per 1,000 patients with a diagnosis of depression admitted to the ED with behavioral health concerns compared to practices that did not incorporate an IBH therapist. There was no difference in ED admission rates per 1,000 between practices that hired their own IBH and those without IBH. Analysis of costs of the program against generated revenue from billed services demonstrated that the academic-community partnership model shows promise of sustainability.
{"title":"Expanding Access to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Purposeful and Effective Model for Integration","authors":"Jessica M. McClure, F. Lynne Merk, Jeffrey Anderson, Avneesh Aggarwal, Lori J. Stark","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Integrated behavioral health (IBH) in primary care is growing as an approach to decrease barriers and provide earlier intervention for youth experiencing behavioral and mental health symptoms. However, increasing access to mental health providers alone without ensuring evidence-based treatment (EBT) is provided will not sufficiently address the current mental health crisis. To spread to scale, IBH needs to be implemented and tested in community-based practices with integrity to EBT. This paper provides a model for implementing cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in community pediatric primary care via master’s prepared therapists through an academic-community partnership. This paper describes the hiring practices, training in CBT, ongoing supervision and consultation, and use of data to inform the evolution of the model. Using a retrospective review of the rate of emergency department (ED) admissions per 1,000 patients with a diagnosis of depression, we compared practices enrolled in our academic-community partnership IBH model to practices who implemented their own IBH and practices with no IBH. Across a four-year period, we found that practices enrolled in the academic-community partnership IBH model had a lower number of patients per 1,000 patients with a diagnosis of depression admitted to the ED with behavioral health concerns compared to practices that did not incorporate an IBH therapist. There was no difference in ED admission rates per 1,000 between practices that hired their own IBH and those without IBH. Analysis of costs of the program against generated revenue from billed services demonstrated that the academic-community partnership model shows promise of sustainability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51511,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139056165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.12.001
Lena Keuppens, Finja Marten, Dieter Baeyens, Bianca E. Boyer, Marina Danckaerts, Saskia van der Oord
The current pilot study evaluates a cognitive behavioral (CBT) sleep intervention specifically developed for adolescents with ADHD – Sleep IntervEntion as Symptom Treatment for ADHD (SIESTA). Based on a qualitative and quantitative evaluation, the final aim is to fine-tune SIESTA and the assessment protocol to the target population. Eight adolescents (13–17 years old) with ADHD and sleep problems completed SIESTA. Separate focus groups with adolescents and parents were conducted to evaluate their experience with SIESTA and the assessment protocol. These were analyzed using thematic analysis. Additionally, individual reliable change indices were computed from pretest to posttest for sleep hygiene practices. Thematic analysis showed that adolescents and parents reported both positive aspects and points of improvement of SIESTA and the assessment protocol during the focus groups. Reliable change indices showed that all adolescents significantly improved on at least one of the subscales of the revised Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale. Preliminary qualitative findings indicate satisfaction with SIESTA and the assessment protocol, with some suggestions for further improvements, and quantitative findings indicate significant improvement in sleep hygiene. The next step is to test the effectiveness of SIESTA in a randomized controlled trial, based on the adaptations after this pilot study.
{"title":"A Pilot Study of a Cognitive-Behavioral Sleep Intervention Specifically for Adolescents With ADHD and Sleep Problems: A Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation","authors":"Lena Keuppens, Finja Marten, Dieter Baeyens, Bianca E. Boyer, Marina Danckaerts, Saskia van der Oord","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current pilot study evaluates a cognitive behavioral (CBT) sleep intervention specifically developed for adolescents with ADHD – Sleep IntervEntion as Symptom Treatment for ADHD (SIESTA). Based on a qualitative and quantitative evaluation, the final aim is to fine-tune SIESTA and the assessment protocol to the target population. Eight adolescents (13–17 years old) with ADHD and sleep problems completed SIESTA. Separate focus groups with adolescents and parents were conducted to evaluate their experience with SIESTA and the assessment protocol. These were analyzed using thematic analysis. Additionally, individual reliable change indices were computed from pretest to posttest for sleep hygiene practices. Thematic analysis showed that adolescents and parents reported both positive aspects and points of improvement of SIESTA and the assessment protocol during the focus groups. Reliable change indices showed that all adolescents significantly improved on at least one of the subscales of the revised Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale. Preliminary qualitative findings indicate satisfaction with SIESTA and the assessment protocol, with some suggestions for further improvements, and quantitative findings indicate significant improvement in sleep hygiene. The next step is to test the effectiveness of SIESTA in a randomized controlled trial, based on the adaptations after this pilot study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51511,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138818449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.10.002
Fiona Maccallum, Katie Dawson, Suzanna Azevedo, Richard A. Bryant
Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) is a potential deleterious outcome of bereavement that is associated with significant negative psychological consequences. The condition is thought to be maintained through a dynamic interplay between painful memories, maladaptive appraisal patterns, and unhelpful coping behaviors, including a persistent avoidance of reminders of the loss. Grief-focused cognitive behavior therapies (GF-CBT) targeting these mechanisms have been found to ameliorate symptoms, with treatments that include exposure-based processing of memories of the loss showing superior outcomes. However, data indicate that treatments involving exposure-based techniques are typically underutilized by mental health clinicians. In this clinical report we describe a series of cases that illustrate common challenges encountered in implementing GF-CBT and outline practical approaches to address these challenges.
{"title":"Challenges in Grief-Focused Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Prolonged Grief Disorder","authors":"Fiona Maccallum, Katie Dawson, Suzanna Azevedo, Richard A. Bryant","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) is a potential deleterious outcome of bereavement that is associated with significant negative psychological consequences. The condition is thought to be maintained through a dynamic interplay between painful memories, maladaptive appraisal patterns, and unhelpful coping behaviors, including a persistent avoidance of reminders of the loss. Grief-focused cognitive behavior therapies (GF-CBT) targeting these mechanisms have been found to ameliorate symptoms, with treatments that include exposure-based processing of memories of the loss showing superior outcomes. However, data indicate that treatments involving exposure-based techniques are typically underutilized by mental health clinicians. In this clinical report we describe a series of cases that illustrate common challenges encountered in implementing GF-CBT and outline practical approaches to address these challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":51511,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138690071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}