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Numeracy across grades – vertically scaling the Norwegian national numeracy tests 跨年级计算能力-挪威国家计算能力测试的垂直缩放
IF 3.2 3区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/0969594X.2022.2147483
Henrik Galligani Ræder, Björn Andersson, R. Olsen
ABSTRACT Enabling comparable scores across grades is of interest for policymakers to evaluate educational systems, for researchers to investigate substantive questions, and for teachers to infer student growth. This study implemented a vertical scaling design to numeracy tests given in grades 5 and 8 as part of the Norwegian national testing system. Our design bridges the gap between grades 5 and 8 with a linking test tailored for grades 6 and 7, without the need for new item development. The design combines the existing administration for all grade 5 and 8 students with additional tests for samples of grade 6 and 7 students. The findings indicate that vertically scaling existing tests is possible through a cost-effective design and that numeracy, as measured by the Norwegian national tests, is comparable across four grades. We discuss the implications of our study for creating vertical scales in the context of national assessment systems.
使不同年级的分数具有可比性是政策制定者评估教育系统、研究人员调查实质性问题和教师推断学生成长的兴趣所在。作为挪威国家测试系统的一部分,本研究对5年级和8年级的计算能力测试实施了垂直缩放设计。我们的设计通过为6年级和7年级量身定制的连接测试弥合了5年级和8年级之间的差距,而无需开发新项目。该设计将现有的所有五年级和八年级学生的管理与六年级和七年级学生的额外测试样本结合起来。调查结果表明,通过具有成本效益的设计,可以垂直调整现有考试的规模,而且挪威国家考试衡量的计算能力在四个年级之间具有可比性。我们讨论了我们的研究对在国家评估系统的背景下创建垂直尺度的影响。
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引用次数: 2
The appliance of science: exploring the use of context in reformed GCSE science examinations 科学的应用:探索在改革后的GCSE科学考试中使用语境
IF 3.2 3区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/0969594X.2022.2156980
Victoria Crisp, J. Greatorex
ABSTRACT As part of GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) reforms in England, requirements for assessing application in science increased. Setting examination questions in context facilitates testing application as students need to apply what they know and understand to a particular situation. This research explored the nature of the contexts used in reformed GCSE combined science examinations and compared contexts used in a specification which specifically emphasises contextualised learning to those in other specifications. Eight combined science specimen examination papers were selected, including four from GCSE Twenty First Century Science (21C). A qualitative coding frame was used to code each contextualised item. Various strategies for testing in context were present. Contextual features that might risk introducing construct-irrelevant variance were infrequent but may suggest areas for attention in setter training. 21C papers included a higher proportion of items with detailed contexts and a higher proportion of items set in science-related adult/professional settings.
作为英国GCSE(普通中等教育证书)改革的一部分,对科学应用的评估要求增加了。设置考试问题的背景有利于考试的应用,因为学生需要将他们所知道和理解的应用于特定的情况。本研究探讨了改革后的GCSE综合科学考试中使用的上下文的性质,并将特别强调情境化学习的规范与其他规范中使用的上下文进行了比较。选择了8份综合科学样本试卷,其中4份来自GCSE 21世纪科学(21C)。采用定性编码框架对每个情境化项目进行编码。提出了在上下文环境中进行测试的各种策略。上下文特征可能有引入结构无关方差的风险,但在setter训练中可能提示需要注意的领域。21C的论文包含了更高比例的详细背景的项目,以及更高比例的与科学相关的成人/专业设置的项目。
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引用次数: 1
Development of the measure of assessment self-efficacy (MASE) for quizzes and exams 测验和考试评估自我效能感量表的开发
IF 3.2 3区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/0969594X.2022.2162481
Kaitlin Riegel, T. Evans, J. Stephens
ABSTRACT Self-efficacy is a significant construct in education due to its predictive relationship with achievement. Existing measures of assessment-related self-efficacy concentrate on students’ beliefs about content-specific tasks but omit beliefs around assessment-taking. This research aimed to develop and test the Measure of Assessment Self-Efficacy (MASE), designed to assess two types of efficacy beliefs related to assessment (i.e. ‘comprehension and execution’ and ‘emotional regulation’) in two scenarios (i.e. a low-stakes online quiz and a high-stakes final exam). Results from confirmatory factor analysis in Study 1 (N = 301) supported the hypothesised two-factor measurement models for both assessment scenarios. In Study 2, results from MGCFA (N = 277) confirmed these models were invariant over time and provided evidence for the scales’ validity. Study 3 demonstrated the exam-related MASE was invariant across cohorts of students (Ns = 277; 329). Potential uses of the developed scales in educational research are discussed.
自我效能感与学业成就具有预测关系,是教育中一个重要的构念。现有的与评估相关的自我效能感的测量侧重于学生对特定内容任务的信念,而忽略了对评估的信念。本研究旨在开发和测试评估自我效能感量表(MASE),旨在评估两种与评估相关的效能感信念(即“理解和执行”和“情绪调节”)在两种情况下(即低风险的在线测验和高风险的期末考试)。研究1 (N = 301)的验证性因子分析结果支持两种评估情景的假设双因素测量模型。在研究2中,MGCFA (N = 277)的结果证实了这些模型随时间的变化是不变的,为量表的有效性提供了证据。研究3表明,与考试相关的MASE在学生队列中是不变的(Ns = 277;329)。讨论了开发的量表在教育研究中的潜在用途。
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引用次数: 2
More is not always better: the nonlinear relationship between formative assessment strategies and reading achievement 越多并不总是越好:形成性评估策略与阅读成绩之间的非线性关系
IF 3.2 3区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/0969594X.2022.2158304
Yuyang Cai, Min Yang, Juanjuan Yao
ABSTRACT This study investigated the relationship between formative assessment and reading achievement in Hong Kong, a Confucian Heritage Culture (CHC) society. 4,837 Hong Kong students were surveyed in a nine-item questionnaire that was used as indicator variable of formative assessment strategies. The study used multi-group structural equation modelling (MG-SEM) to examine the effects of formative assessment strategies on reading achievement across low-, medium-, and high-achievers controlling for gender and social economic status (SES) effects. The result showed that after controlling for SES and gender effects, there was significant effect of formative assessment strategies with low- and medium-reading achievers but not with high-reading achievers. Implications are drawn to inform formative assessment research and practice relevant to students’ reading achievement in CHC societies and other educational contexts.
摘要:本研究探讨了在香港这个儒家文化社会中形成性评价与阅读成绩的关系。本研究以9项问卷作为形成性评估策略的指标变量,对4,837名香港学生进行了调查。本研究采用多组结构方程模型(MG-SEM)检验了形成性评估策略对低、中、高成就学生阅读成绩的影响,并控制了性别和社会经济地位(SES)的影响。结果表明,在控制了社会经济地位和性别影响后,形成性评价策略对中低阅读成绩生有显著影响,对高阅读成绩生无显著影响。在CHC社团和其他教育背景下,为与学生阅读成绩相关的形成性评估研究和实践提供了启示。
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引用次数: 1
Critiquing the rationales for using comparative judgement: a call for clarity 批判使用比较判断的基本原理:要求澄清
IF 3.2 3区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/0969594X.2022.2147901
Katelin Kelly, M. Richardson, T. Isaacs
ABSTRACT Comparative judgment is gaining popularity as an assessment tool, including for high-stakes testing purposes, despite relatively little research on the use of the technique. Advocates claim two main rationales for its use: that comparative judgment is valid because humans are better at comparative than absolute judgment, and because it distils the aggregate view of expert judges. We explore these contentions. We argue that the psychological underpinnings used to justify the method are superficially treated in the literature. We conceptualise and critique the notion that comparative judgment is ‘intrinsically valid’ due to its use of expert judges. We conclude that the rationales as presented by the comparative judgment literature are incomplete and inconsistent. We recommend that future work should clarify its position regarding the psychological underpinnings of comparative judgment, and if necessary present a more compelling case; for example, by integrating the comparative judgment literature with evidence from other fields.
比较判断作为一种评估工具越来越受欢迎,包括用于高风险的测试目的,尽管对该技术的使用研究相对较少。提倡者声称,使用这种方法有两个主要理由:一是比较判断是有效的,因为人类更擅长比较判断,而不是绝对判断;二是它提炼了专家判断的总体观点。我们将探讨这些争论。我们认为,用于证明该方法的心理基础在文献中被肤浅地对待。我们概念化和批判比较判断由于使用专家法官而具有“内在有效性”的概念。我们的结论是,比较判断文献提出的基本原理是不完整和不一致的。我们建议未来的工作应该澄清其关于比较判断的心理基础的立场,并在必要时提出一个更有说服力的案例;例如,通过将比较判断文献与其他领域的证据相结合。
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引用次数: 3
Conditioning: how background variables can influence PISA scores 条件反射:背景变量如何影响PISA分数
IF 3.2 3区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-24 DOI: 10.1080/0969594X.2022.2118665
Laura Zieger, John Jerrim, Jake Anders, N. Shure
ABSTRACT The OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) has become one of the key studies for evidence-based education policymaking across the globe. PISA has however received a lot of methodological criticism, including how the test scores are created. The aim of this paper is to investigate the so-called ‘conditioning model’, where background variables are used to derive student achievement scores, and the impact it has upon the PISA results. This includes varying the background variables used within the conditioning model and analysing its impact upon countries relatively positions in the PISA rankings. Our key finding is that the exact specification of the conditioning model matters; cross-country comparisons of PISA scores can change depending upon the statistical methodology used.
经合组织的国际学生评估项目(PISA)已经成为全球基于证据的教育政策制定的关键研究之一。然而,国际学生评估项目在方法上受到了很多批评,包括测试分数的产生方式。本文的目的是研究所谓的“条件反射模型”,其中背景变量被用来推导学生的成绩分数,以及它对PISA结果的影响。这包括改变条件模型中使用的背景变量,并分析其对各国在PISA排名中的相对位置的影响。我们的主要发现是,条件反射模型的确切说明很重要;根据所使用的统计方法,PISA分数的跨国比较可能会发生变化。
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引用次数: 4
Lessons from a disciplined response to COVID 19 disruption to education: beginning the journey from reliability to resilience 纪律严明应对2019冠状病毒病对教育的影响:开启从可靠性到韧性的旅程
IF 3.2 3区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-03 DOI: 10.1080/0969594X.2022.2162480
K. Tan
ABSTRACT Assessment systems reward certainty and thrive on predictability. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has punished our assessment systems severely for over reliance on controlled premises for our high stakes assessment, and this should compel us to re-examine the reliance on certainty and control in our assessment policies and reforms. Singapore is a useful context to examine such re-examination of assessment imperatives on a national scale. The city-state typically orchestrates its major policy reform with great discipline, standardisation, and detailed co-ordination. However, such qualities may not be ideal for its assessment reform needs in the post-pandemic future. Three recent assessment reforms are examined as examples of pre-pandemic assessment policies predicated on certainty. This paper discusses whether such reforms are fit for post-pandemic purpose(s), and argues for shifting the emphasis of assessment from securing examination reliability to developing learners’ assessment resilience.
评估系统奖励确定性,并在可预测性上茁壮成长。然而,COVID-19大流行严重惩罚了我们的评估体系,因为我们在高风险评估中过度依赖受控前提,这应该迫使我们重新审视评估政策和改革中对确定性和控制的依赖。新加坡是在全国范围内审查这种重新审查评估必要性的有益背景。这个城邦通常以严格的纪律、标准化和细致的协调来协调其重大的政策改革。然而,这些品质可能并不适合大流行后未来的评估改革需求。本文审查了最近的三项评估改革,作为基于确定性的大流行前评估政策的例子。本文讨论了这些改革是否适合大流行后的目的,并主张将评估的重点从确保考试可靠性转移到培养学习者的评估弹性上。
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引用次数: 1
High stakes assessment in the era of COVID-19: interruption, transformation, regression or business as usual? COVID-19时代的高风险评估:中断、转型、回归还是一切照旧?
IF 3.2 3区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-03 DOI: 10.1080/0969594X.2022.2139339
L. Hayward, M. O’Leary
Editing a Special Edition is always interesting but, on the whole, it follows a fairly similar pattern. The Editors identify a theme, debate how that theme might be explored through different lenses in different contexts, receive papers that reflect a variety of positions, and write the Editorial that is largely consistent with the original planning expectation and publish. The construction of this Special Edition was nothing like that. When, as Editors, we began thinking through what articles in this Special Edition on the impact of COVID on high-stakes assessment internationally might report, our starting point was to see COVID as a disruptor. Coming from Ireland and Scotland where, in both countries, the impact of COVID on our high-stakes assessment systems had been significant, we assumed that this would be an international phenomenon. High Stakes Assessment in the Era of COVID: Interruption, Transformation or Regression?, the title of the call we put out when commissioning papers, on reflection, is a good indication of the beliefs we held. Internationally, press coverage, spoke of the COVID challenges and the multiple ways in which societies, and within societies, education was being disrupted. We anticipated that the nature of that disruption would vary: in all societies, COVID would interrupt normal practices, but in some, that disruption would lead to transformation, to the creation of new practices in high-stakes assessment environments that are traditionally regarded as risk averse; whereas, in other societies, COVID interruption might drive practices back to territory that was regarded as safer ground, regressing to assessment approaches that were perceived to be more secure whether or not these practices were educationally desirable (IEAN, 2021). As Editors, we did not and do not challenge the position that COVID globally interrupted societies, in some societies in devastating ways. There is nothing positive about a global pandemic and we do not underestimate the impact that COVID has had physically and emotionally on educational experiences and the mental health and wellbeing of everyone in the education system; young people, their parents, teachers and lecturers. Those whose work was in the specific area of high-stakes assessment were
编辑特别版总是很有趣,但总的来说,它遵循一个相当相似的模式。编辑们确定一个主题,讨论如何在不同的背景下通过不同的视角来探索这个主题,接收反映各种立场的论文,撰写与最初计划预期基本一致的社论并发表。这款特别版的构造与此完全不同。作为编辑,我们开始思考本期特别版中关于COVID对国际高风险评估影响的文章可能会报道的内容时,我们的出发点是将COVID视为一个颠覆者。我们来自爱尔兰和苏格兰,在这两个国家,COVID对我们的高风险评估系统的影响很大,我们认为这将是一个国际现象。新冠肺炎时代的高风险评估:中断、转型还是回归?经过反思,我们在委托论文时发出的呼吁的标题很好地表明了我们所持有的信念。在国际上,新闻报道谈到了新冠肺炎带来的挑战,以及社会和社会内部教育受到干扰的多种方式。我们预计这种破坏的性质会有所不同:在所有社会中,COVID都会中断正常的做法,但在一些社会中,这种破坏会导致转型,在传统上被视为厌恶风险的高风险评估环境中创造新的做法;然而,在其他社会中,COVID中断可能会将实践退回到被认为更安全的领域,回归到被认为更安全的评估方法,无论这些实践在教育上是否可取(IEAN, 2021)。作为编辑,我们过去没有,现在也不会挑战COVID在全球范围内以破坏性方式扰乱社会的立场。全球大流行没有任何积极的方面,我们不会低估COVID对教育经历以及教育系统中每个人的心理健康和福祉产生的身体和情感影响;年轻人,他们的父母,老师和讲师。那些在高风险评估的特定领域工作的人
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19 impact on high stakes assessment: a New Zealand journey of collaborative adaptation amidst disruption 2019冠状病毒病对高风险评估的影响:新西兰在混乱中协同适应的旅程
IF 3.2 3区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-03 DOI: 10.1080/0969594X.2022.2140889
Jenny Poskitt
ABSTRACT New Zealand’s defined coastal boundaries, isolation and small population were favourable factors to minimise the spread of COVID-19. Decisive governmental leadership and a public willing to comply with high-level lockdown in the first phase, resulted in minimal disruption to assessment. But as the pandemic progressed through Delta and Omicron variants, concerns grew about equitable access to assessments, declining school attendance, and inequitable educational outcomes for students, especially of Māori and Pacific heritage. School and educational agency experiences of high stakes assessment in a period of uncertainty were examined through document analysis and research interviews. Using Gewirtz’s contextual analysis of the multi-dimensional and complex nature of justice, and Rogoff’s conceptual framework of three planes of socio-cultural analysis: the personal (learner), inter-personal (school) and institutional (educational agencies), revealed that though collaborative adaptations minimised assessment disruptions on wellbeing and equity of access, they did not transform high stakes assessment.
新西兰明确的沿海边界、隔离和人口少是将COVID-19传播降至最低的有利因素。在第一阶段,果断的政府领导和愿意遵守高级别封锁的公众,将对评估的干扰降到最低。但是,随着大流行通过Delta和Omicron变体发展,人们越来越关注公平获得评估、入学率下降以及学生(特别是Māori和太平洋裔)教育成果不公平的问题。通过文献分析和研究访谈对不确定时期高风险评估的学校和教育机构经验进行了研究。利用Gewirtz对正义的多维和复杂本质的语境分析,以及Rogoff的社会文化分析的三个层面的概念框架:个人(学习者),人际(学校)和机构(教育机构),揭示了尽管协作适应最小化了对福祉和公平获取的评估中断,但它们并没有改变高风险评估。
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引用次数: 0
New national tests for the Danish public school system – Tensions between renewal and orthodoxy before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic 丹麦公立学校系统的新全国考试——在COVID-19大流行之前、期间和之后,更新与正统之间的紧张关系
IF 3.2 3区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-03 DOI: 10.1080/0969594X.2023.2166462
Christian Ydesen
ABSTRACT This article explores the struggles over the development of new national tests for the Danish public school system before, during, and after the lockdown of society due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The article throws light on the stakeholder positions, arguments, and discourses involved in assessment policy formation with particular attention on the national tests as the key component of the new assessment system. Drawing on policy documents, media news stories, and interviews with teachers, school leaders, politicians, and civil servants at the municipal and national levels, the article adds to our understanding of how assessment policies come into existence and offers reflections on the implications and conditions for how assessment systems may evolve.
本文探讨了因COVID-19大流行而导致的社会封锁之前,期间和之后,为丹麦公立学校系统开发新的国家考试的斗争。本文揭示了评估政策形成过程中涉及的利益相关者的立场、论点和话语,并特别关注了作为新评估体系关键组成部分的国家考试。根据政策文件、媒体新闻报道以及对市级和国家级教师、学校领导、政治家和公务员的采访,本文增加了我们对评估政策如何形成的理解,并对评估系统如何演变的影响和条件进行了反思。
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引用次数: 0
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Assessment in Education-Principles Policy & Practice
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