Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1080/10286632.2023.2273925
Habib Ollah Fazeli, Behzad Attarzadeh
ABSTRACTThis article adopts an institutional perspective to elucidate Iranian university autonomy. First, a historical analysis traces statist dominance over academia in Iran by examining archival sources, documents, and scholarly works. Second, a content analysis of expert panels, interviews, and literature categorizes higher education's problems to delineate key issues. Third, a meta-analysis examines the implications for institutional autonomy and academic freedom. Fourth, governmental strategy regarding university autonomy is scrutinized by analyzing policies, laws, and statements. Finally, a reconciliatory strategy is proposed embracing accountability while expanding autonomy. Tracing critical junctures, the analysis outlines the divergence of modern universities from traditional seminaries through state establishment based on Western models, engendering governance effects. The 1851 Dar ol-Fonun constituted an initial modernizing response. The 1934 genesis of Tehran University enacted a seminal rupture with old seminaries. The 1980 Cultural Revolution expanded governmental control to reshape higher education. Consequently, extensive interventions overlaid with centralized bureaucracy have dominated academia. Resultant autonomy constraints stem from structural-administrative deficiencies, financial dependence, attenuated university-society connections, and pervasive formalism. By illuminating the historical shaping forces, this perspective identifies avenues for developing accountability-anchored autonomy through contextualized strategy, providing insights into policy pathways.KEYWORDS: University autonomyhigher education in Iranhistorical institutionalismstate-university relationship AcknowledgmentsThis work was supported by the Center for Public Policy Studies at the University of Tehran. We would like to extend our appreciation to the Center and its Director, Dr. Madjid Vahid, for their support.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. University autonomy refers to the degree of self-governance granted to higher education institutions to make independent decisions across key domains like administration, finances, academics, and research without external intervention.2. As Wittrock notes, this twofold was somehow not exclusive to Germans: ‘In this period of European history, an unresolved tension between a general development towards scientific specialization and internationalization and increasing demands that universities contribute to the strengthening and the power ambitions of different nations. Growing awareness, shared by the universities themselves, of the international nature of science and of universities as institutions, went often hand in hand with a strong sense of national pride also among university professors and students’ (Citation2019, 283).3. The German bureaucratic structure influenced American bureaucratic reforms in the late 19th century, as seen in Woodrow Wilson’s pol
{"title":"Problematizing Iranian university autonomy: a historical-institutional perspective","authors":"Habib Ollah Fazeli, Behzad Attarzadeh","doi":"10.1080/10286632.2023.2273925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2023.2273925","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis article adopts an institutional perspective to elucidate Iranian university autonomy. First, a historical analysis traces statist dominance over academia in Iran by examining archival sources, documents, and scholarly works. Second, a content analysis of expert panels, interviews, and literature categorizes higher education's problems to delineate key issues. Third, a meta-analysis examines the implications for institutional autonomy and academic freedom. Fourth, governmental strategy regarding university autonomy is scrutinized by analyzing policies, laws, and statements. Finally, a reconciliatory strategy is proposed embracing accountability while expanding autonomy. Tracing critical junctures, the analysis outlines the divergence of modern universities from traditional seminaries through state establishment based on Western models, engendering governance effects. The 1851 Dar ol-Fonun constituted an initial modernizing response. The 1934 genesis of Tehran University enacted a seminal rupture with old seminaries. The 1980 Cultural Revolution expanded governmental control to reshape higher education. Consequently, extensive interventions overlaid with centralized bureaucracy have dominated academia. Resultant autonomy constraints stem from structural-administrative deficiencies, financial dependence, attenuated university-society connections, and pervasive formalism. By illuminating the historical shaping forces, this perspective identifies avenues for developing accountability-anchored autonomy through contextualized strategy, providing insights into policy pathways.KEYWORDS: University autonomyhigher education in Iranhistorical institutionalismstate-university relationship AcknowledgmentsThis work was supported by the Center for Public Policy Studies at the University of Tehran. We would like to extend our appreciation to the Center and its Director, Dr. Madjid Vahid, for their support.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. University autonomy refers to the degree of self-governance granted to higher education institutions to make independent decisions across key domains like administration, finances, academics, and research without external intervention.2. As Wittrock notes, this twofold was somehow not exclusive to Germans: ‘In this period of European history, an unresolved tension between a general development towards scientific specialization and internationalization and increasing demands that universities contribute to the strengthening and the power ambitions of different nations. Growing awareness, shared by the universities themselves, of the international nature of science and of universities as institutions, went often hand in hand with a strong sense of national pride also among university professors and students’ (Citation2019, 283).3. The German bureaucratic structure influenced American bureaucratic reforms in the late 19th century, as seen in Woodrow Wilson’s pol","PeriodicalId":51520,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cultural Policy","volume":"59 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136283594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1080/10286632.2023.2272841
Riie Heikkilä, Ossi Sirkka
Public libraries play a unique role in preserving, maintaining, and distributing cultural capital freely. Currently, public libraries are said to be undergoing a change: from public spheres offering culture selected and curated by legitimated experts, libraries are seen to have shifted more towards social hubs. However, little is known about how potential library users perceive these alleged changes. In this article, we explore which topics emerge in online conversations about Oodi, Helsinki’s new central library, and what kinds of symbolic boundaries are drawn in them. Our data consist of tweets and comments on newspaper articles (N = 2,342). Using structural topic modelling and a qualitative thematic analysis, we identify eight different topics that appear to be highly polarised. We interpret the online conversations on Oodi as negotiations of the ownership of publicly funded culture and cultural capital. These negotiations are organised around two opposing poles: tolerant, cosmopolitan views versus traditional, conservative attitudes.
{"title":"Tolerants versus traditionalists: making sense of online conversations on the new Finnish flagship library Oodi","authors":"Riie Heikkilä, Ossi Sirkka","doi":"10.1080/10286632.2023.2272841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2023.2272841","url":null,"abstract":"Public libraries play a unique role in preserving, maintaining, and distributing cultural capital freely. Currently, public libraries are said to be undergoing a change: from public spheres offering culture selected and curated by legitimated experts, libraries are seen to have shifted more towards social hubs. However, little is known about how potential library users perceive these alleged changes. In this article, we explore which topics emerge in online conversations about Oodi, Helsinki’s new central library, and what kinds of symbolic boundaries are drawn in them. Our data consist of tweets and comments on newspaper articles (N = 2,342). Using structural topic modelling and a qualitative thematic analysis, we identify eight different topics that appear to be highly polarised. We interpret the online conversations on Oodi as negotiations of the ownership of publicly funded culture and cultural capital. These negotiations are organised around two opposing poles: tolerant, cosmopolitan views versus traditional, conservative attitudes.","PeriodicalId":51520,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cultural Policy","volume":"51 18","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136282668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.1080/10286632.2023.2265933
Hiroki Yamada, Hiromitsu Seki, Toshiyuki Kono
ABSTRACTThe COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted Japanese society, including its relationship with cultural heritage. This paper shares findings of a large-scale web-based survey conducted from January to February 2022, reaching over 10,000 respondents using a smartphone questionnaire system, aimed at answering the following questions: ‘What impact has the pandemic had on societies and local communities in Japan?’ and ‘What policies should be implemented to protect cultural heritage in response to this new situation in Japan?’. A cross-cutting analysis of the collected responses and respondent attributes was performed. The paper offers four recommendations for long- and short-term cultural heritage policies to enhance future protection. Firstly, it emphasizes increasing cultural heritage awareness, targeting youth and the economically disadvantaged. Secondly, it recommends a reassessment of the prevailing policy structures related to temples and shrines. This recognises the traditional role these institutions have played as community gathering places. Thirdly, it emphasizes supporting smaller, rural festivals with financial aid for repairs, promotions, and bridging migrant gaps. Finally, it suggests integrating the younger generation into the cultural heritage discourse through educational initiatives and digital resources, ensuring continued relevance and intergenerational connection to cultural heritage in Japan. These policy suggestions stand as the linchpin for perpetuating cultural heritage and fostering intergenerational engagement therein.KEYWORDS: COVID-19 pandemicJapansmartphone surveyplace attachmentcultural heritage AcknowledgmentsThis paper is an outcome of the research project “International Research Project to Develop Methodologies to Develop Integrated Governance Policies to Protect Cultural Heritage” (Principal Investigator: Toshiyuki Kono), with the financial aid of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) “Topic-Setting Program to Advance Cutting-Edge Humanities and Social Sciences Research” (2019 - 2021).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. Requests to wear masks outdoors were cancelled in May 2022, and similar directives for indoor settings were revoked on March 13th, 2023. Furthermore, COVID-19 was reclassified under the Infectious Diseases Law on May 8th, 2023. Yet, many Japanese citizens continue to wear masks even as of June 2023. As the Yomiuri Shimbun reported in The Japan News on June 8, 2023, a survey disclosed that 46% of respondents were wearing masks, even in uncongested areas, during the first week of June.2. The first Visit to a Buddhist temple or Shinto shrine to celebrate the New Year.3. Religious ceremonies such as funerals and memorial services account for more than 80% of temple income. The survey shows that ‘funerals, memorial services, and monthly visits’ account for 67.3% of temple income, while ‘events (Bon, Higan, etc.)’ account
{"title":"The COVID-19 pandemic, cultural heritage, and policy in Japan: implications of survey data","authors":"Hiroki Yamada, Hiromitsu Seki, Toshiyuki Kono","doi":"10.1080/10286632.2023.2265933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2023.2265933","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted Japanese society, including its relationship with cultural heritage. This paper shares findings of a large-scale web-based survey conducted from January to February 2022, reaching over 10,000 respondents using a smartphone questionnaire system, aimed at answering the following questions: ‘What impact has the pandemic had on societies and local communities in Japan?’ and ‘What policies should be implemented to protect cultural heritage in response to this new situation in Japan?’. A cross-cutting analysis of the collected responses and respondent attributes was performed. The paper offers four recommendations for long- and short-term cultural heritage policies to enhance future protection. Firstly, it emphasizes increasing cultural heritage awareness, targeting youth and the economically disadvantaged. Secondly, it recommends a reassessment of the prevailing policy structures related to temples and shrines. This recognises the traditional role these institutions have played as community gathering places. Thirdly, it emphasizes supporting smaller, rural festivals with financial aid for repairs, promotions, and bridging migrant gaps. Finally, it suggests integrating the younger generation into the cultural heritage discourse through educational initiatives and digital resources, ensuring continued relevance and intergenerational connection to cultural heritage in Japan. These policy suggestions stand as the linchpin for perpetuating cultural heritage and fostering intergenerational engagement therein.KEYWORDS: COVID-19 pandemicJapansmartphone surveyplace attachmentcultural heritage AcknowledgmentsThis paper is an outcome of the research project “International Research Project to Develop Methodologies to Develop Integrated Governance Policies to Protect Cultural Heritage” (Principal Investigator: Toshiyuki Kono), with the financial aid of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) “Topic-Setting Program to Advance Cutting-Edge Humanities and Social Sciences Research” (2019 - 2021).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. Requests to wear masks outdoors were cancelled in May 2022, and similar directives for indoor settings were revoked on March 13th, 2023. Furthermore, COVID-19 was reclassified under the Infectious Diseases Law on May 8th, 2023. Yet, many Japanese citizens continue to wear masks even as of June 2023. As the Yomiuri Shimbun reported in The Japan News on June 8, 2023, a survey disclosed that 46% of respondents were wearing masks, even in uncongested areas, during the first week of June.2. The first Visit to a Buddhist temple or Shinto shrine to celebrate the New Year.3. Religious ceremonies such as funerals and memorial services account for more than 80% of temple income. The survey shows that ‘funerals, memorial services, and monthly visits’ account for 67.3% of temple income, while ‘events (Bon, Higan, etc.)’ account ","PeriodicalId":51520,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cultural Policy","volume":"8 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135267778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.1080/10286632.2023.2265918
Jennifer L. Novak-Leonard, Rachel Skaggs
ABSTRACTThere is a lack of understanding about public opinions of artists in the United States, thereby impeding stakeholders’ ability to empirically inform policy decisions and advocacy relevant to artists. Using novel, nationally representative survey data, this study provides insights on U.S. public opinion of artists during the first two years of the COVID pandemic. We find a decline in the percent of adults who engaged with artists in their local communities over these years, but that perceptions of artists’ roles in local communities remained steady; the opinion that artists make communities better places to live varies by socio-demographics and is positively associated with perceptions of artists as workers, collaborators, and as bringing attention to community concerns; and that over half of the U.S. adult population suggests that artists can uniquely contribute to healing from the pandemic. This study demonstrates means to empirically inform policy decisions and advocacy relevant to artists.KEYWORDS: Artistscommunitiespublic opinionperceptionsCOVID-19 pandemic Disclosure statementJennifer Novak-Leonard has served as a consultant to and has received research support from NORC at the University of Chicago.Notes1. The regression results containing interaction terms are available upon request.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign’s Investment for Growth fund and by an award from the National Endowment for the Arts [Award#: 1809942-38-18].Notes on contributorsJennifer L. Novak-LeonardJennifer L. Novak-Leonard specializes in the development and use of novel measurement systems to understand cultural participation and the personal and public values derived from these experiences to inform multiple domains of public and social policy. Her research has addressed topics such as immigrant integration, higher education, and public funding.Rachel SkaggsRachel Skaggs is the Lawrence and Isabel Barnett Assistant Professor of Arts Management at The Ohio State University. Rachel is a sociologist of culture and work whose research focuses on relational ecosystems in creative industries. Her recent research can be found in Poetics, Work and Occupations, Social Psychology Quarterly, and The Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society.
{"title":"U.S. public perceptions of artists during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Jennifer L. Novak-Leonard, Rachel Skaggs","doi":"10.1080/10286632.2023.2265918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2023.2265918","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThere is a lack of understanding about public opinions of artists in the United States, thereby impeding stakeholders’ ability to empirically inform policy decisions and advocacy relevant to artists. Using novel, nationally representative survey data, this study provides insights on U.S. public opinion of artists during the first two years of the COVID pandemic. We find a decline in the percent of adults who engaged with artists in their local communities over these years, but that perceptions of artists’ roles in local communities remained steady; the opinion that artists make communities better places to live varies by socio-demographics and is positively associated with perceptions of artists as workers, collaborators, and as bringing attention to community concerns; and that over half of the U.S. adult population suggests that artists can uniquely contribute to healing from the pandemic. This study demonstrates means to empirically inform policy decisions and advocacy relevant to artists.KEYWORDS: Artistscommunitiespublic opinionperceptionsCOVID-19 pandemic Disclosure statementJennifer Novak-Leonard has served as a consultant to and has received research support from NORC at the University of Chicago.Notes1. The regression results containing interaction terms are available upon request.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign’s Investment for Growth fund and by an award from the National Endowment for the Arts [Award#: 1809942-38-18].Notes on contributorsJennifer L. Novak-LeonardJennifer L. Novak-Leonard specializes in the development and use of novel measurement systems to understand cultural participation and the personal and public values derived from these experiences to inform multiple domains of public and social policy. Her research has addressed topics such as immigrant integration, higher education, and public funding.Rachel SkaggsRachel Skaggs is the Lawrence and Isabel Barnett Assistant Professor of Arts Management at The Ohio State University. Rachel is a sociologist of culture and work whose research focuses on relational ecosystems in creative industries. Her recent research can be found in Poetics, Work and Occupations, Social Psychology Quarterly, and The Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society.","PeriodicalId":51520,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cultural Policy","volume":"21 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135266880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.1080/10286632.2023.2268648
Eva Nieto McAvoy, Stuart Allan
At the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, cultural policymaking frequently came to the fore in media debates about the impact of the crisis and measures to alleviate it. In this article, we present evidence of how newspaper coverage of the cultural and creative industries (CCIs) identified and framed competing perceptions of the relative utility of policymaking in this context, while also problematising familiar assumptions about the CCIs among policymakers, journalists and (arguably) the public. Specifically, we analysed British news and editorial items (n.4,162) published from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020. It offers a novel investigation into the ways in which media and policy rhetoric overlap, interact and influence each other. In doing so, this article contributes a unique perspective to the study and practice of cultural policy, bringing to light the typically underexplored role of the news media in shaping the narratives driving cultural policy deliberation and action.
{"title":"Mediations of cultural policymaking during COVID-19: British newspaper reporting of the Culture Recovery Fund","authors":"Eva Nieto McAvoy, Stuart Allan","doi":"10.1080/10286632.2023.2268648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2023.2268648","url":null,"abstract":"At the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, cultural policymaking frequently came to the fore in media debates about the impact of the crisis and measures to alleviate it. In this article, we present evidence of how newspaper coverage of the cultural and creative industries (CCIs) identified and framed competing perceptions of the relative utility of policymaking in this context, while also problematising familiar assumptions about the CCIs among policymakers, journalists and (arguably) the public. Specifically, we analysed British news and editorial items (n.4,162) published from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020. It offers a novel investigation into the ways in which media and policy rhetoric overlap, interact and influence each other. In doing so, this article contributes a unique perspective to the study and practice of cultural policy, bringing to light the typically underexplored role of the news media in shaping the narratives driving cultural policy deliberation and action.","PeriodicalId":51520,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cultural Policy","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135267465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.1080/10286632.2023.2268094
Woochul Kim
ABSTRACTThis study examines how the sociocultural role of South Korean public broadcasting is affected by neoliberal cultural policies that situate the Korean Wave at the forefront. Drawing on Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis (CDA), this study examines 20 New Year’s addresses from two public broadcasters and two associated government institutions, identifying the discursive construction of public broadcasters’ roles during the tenures of five governments. In particular, the study illuminates how the neoliberal discursive construction of the media has increasingly reduced public broadcasters to mere economic entities, envisioning the media solely as a source of profit in a globalized media landscape. Providing empirical support, this research suggests that the social imaginary of the Korean Wave and its accompanying media policies have dwarfed the social roles of public broadcasters by linking culture to the nation’s supremacy and economic prosperity, thereby reinforcing neoliberal logic and beliefs against public values.KEYWORDS: PSBKorean waveneoliberalismcultural policysocial accountability Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe author received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.Notes on contributorsWoochul KimWoochul Kim conducts research on the Korean media and cultural industry at Simon Fraser University, with a particular emphasis on media production and the workforce within the Public Service Broadcasting (PSB) context, drawing from his extensive professional background as a producer, journalist and a lecturer in South Korea.
{"title":"The discursive construction of the role of public service broadcasting amid the rise of the Korean Wave","authors":"Woochul Kim","doi":"10.1080/10286632.2023.2268094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2023.2268094","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis study examines how the sociocultural role of South Korean public broadcasting is affected by neoliberal cultural policies that situate the Korean Wave at the forefront. Drawing on Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis (CDA), this study examines 20 New Year’s addresses from two public broadcasters and two associated government institutions, identifying the discursive construction of public broadcasters’ roles during the tenures of five governments. In particular, the study illuminates how the neoliberal discursive construction of the media has increasingly reduced public broadcasters to mere economic entities, envisioning the media solely as a source of profit in a globalized media landscape. Providing empirical support, this research suggests that the social imaginary of the Korean Wave and its accompanying media policies have dwarfed the social roles of public broadcasters by linking culture to the nation’s supremacy and economic prosperity, thereby reinforcing neoliberal logic and beliefs against public values.KEYWORDS: PSBKorean waveneoliberalismcultural policysocial accountability Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe author received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.Notes on contributorsWoochul KimWoochul Kim conducts research on the Korean media and cultural industry at Simon Fraser University, with a particular emphasis on media production and the workforce within the Public Service Broadcasting (PSB) context, drawing from his extensive professional background as a producer, journalist and a lecturer in South Korea.","PeriodicalId":51520,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cultural Policy","volume":"15 11-12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135267477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.1080/10286632.2023.2265940
Laia Colomer
Participation in democracy has been suggested as an inherent value of democracy by allowing citizens to participate in political decision-making. Since the 2000s and, more particularly, after the creation of the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Convention and the Council of Europe’s Faro Convention, there has been a call for a participatory approach to heritage management. In 2008 Norway ratified the Faro Convention justifying the existence of statutory participatory practices and community engagements. This paper assesses these practices as they read at the national legal provisions to evaluate how Norway articulates participative processes regarding cultural heritage management. The results indicate that the legal framework long for an active role of inhabitants in local administration and planning and heritage management but prevent them from influencing governance beyond the elections. Accordingly, cultural heritage management is still far from being considered a ‘sharing responsibility’ between citizens and authorities as the Faro Convention calls for.
{"title":"Participation and cultural heritage management in Norway. Who, when, and how people participate","authors":"Laia Colomer","doi":"10.1080/10286632.2023.2265940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2023.2265940","url":null,"abstract":"Participation in democracy has been suggested as an inherent value of democracy by allowing citizens to participate in political decision-making. Since the 2000s and, more particularly, after the creation of the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Convention and the Council of Europe’s Faro Convention, there has been a call for a participatory approach to heritage management. In 2008 Norway ratified the Faro Convention justifying the existence of statutory participatory practices and community engagements. This paper assesses these practices as they read at the national legal provisions to evaluate how Norway articulates participative processes regarding cultural heritage management. The results indicate that the legal framework long for an active role of inhabitants in local administration and planning and heritage management but prevent them from influencing governance beyond the elections. Accordingly, cultural heritage management is still far from being considered a ‘sharing responsibility’ between citizens and authorities as the Faro Convention calls for.","PeriodicalId":51520,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cultural Policy","volume":"20 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135274211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1080/10286632.2023.2268105
Jimmyn Parc
ABSTRACTA common perception is that a strong copyright regime protects cultural diversity and creativity; thus, it should be well developed, implemented, and respected. However, this belief may be different for certain industries or countries. In other words, strong copyright may not bring about a positive impact as expected whereas weak copyright can bring about positive impacts contrary to one’s expectations, which is different from the conventional belief on copyright. This paper explores this issue with the Korea music industry. Although this industry has recently enjoyed global popularity with K-pop, it was lesser-developed as it endured many difficulties over several decades. By comparing and analyzing these two contrasting periods, the case of the Korean music industry demonstrates that both weak and strong copyright has helped with its development. This interesting case can provide meaningful implications regarding the practice and development of copyright and its impact on the growth of the music industry, particularly in the era of digitization.KEYWORDS: K-popKorean music industrycopyrightweak copyrightdigitization AcknowledgmentsThe author of this article would like to express his gratitude to Ute Röschenthaler (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz) and Alexander Peukert (Goethe University Frankfurt) for their constructive comments and efforts to open a wonderful workshop on copyright, where this paper was presented.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1. Article 1, Chapter I of the law states as follows: This law aims to protect the authors of scholarly or artistic works, with the purpose of promoting the advancement of national [Korean] culture.2. Article 46, Chapter II of the law states as follows: With regard to the copyright of foreigners, except for provisions in treaties, the provisions of this law apply. However, in cases where there are no treaty provisions regarding copyright protection, the protection under this law shall be granted to the first publisher of the work within the country.3. Neighboring rights, also known as related rights or rights neighboring to copyright, were created for those who are not technically authors such as performing artists, producers of phonograms, and those involved in radio and television broadcasting. The scope can be different by country.4. See the section ‘Crucial changes in the history of Korea’s copyright law.’Additional informationFundingThis study was supported by the University of Malaya [IF057-2021], and it was financially supported in part by the Institute of Communication Research, Seoul National University.Notes on contributorsJimmyn ParcJimmyn Parc is an associate professor at the Department of East Asian Studies, University of Malaya, Malaysia and a researcher at the Institute of Communication Research, Seoul National University, Korea.
{"title":"Between strong and weak copyright: their impacts on the Korean music industry","authors":"Jimmyn Parc","doi":"10.1080/10286632.2023.2268105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2023.2268105","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTA common perception is that a strong copyright regime protects cultural diversity and creativity; thus, it should be well developed, implemented, and respected. However, this belief may be different for certain industries or countries. In other words, strong copyright may not bring about a positive impact as expected whereas weak copyright can bring about positive impacts contrary to one’s expectations, which is different from the conventional belief on copyright. This paper explores this issue with the Korea music industry. Although this industry has recently enjoyed global popularity with K-pop, it was lesser-developed as it endured many difficulties over several decades. By comparing and analyzing these two contrasting periods, the case of the Korean music industry demonstrates that both weak and strong copyright has helped with its development. This interesting case can provide meaningful implications regarding the practice and development of copyright and its impact on the growth of the music industry, particularly in the era of digitization.KEYWORDS: K-popKorean music industrycopyrightweak copyrightdigitization AcknowledgmentsThe author of this article would like to express his gratitude to Ute Röschenthaler (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz) and Alexander Peukert (Goethe University Frankfurt) for their constructive comments and efforts to open a wonderful workshop on copyright, where this paper was presented.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1. Article 1, Chapter I of the law states as follows: This law aims to protect the authors of scholarly or artistic works, with the purpose of promoting the advancement of national [Korean] culture.2. Article 46, Chapter II of the law states as follows: With regard to the copyright of foreigners, except for provisions in treaties, the provisions of this law apply. However, in cases where there are no treaty provisions regarding copyright protection, the protection under this law shall be granted to the first publisher of the work within the country.3. Neighboring rights, also known as related rights or rights neighboring to copyright, were created for those who are not technically authors such as performing artists, producers of phonograms, and those involved in radio and television broadcasting. The scope can be different by country.4. See the section ‘Crucial changes in the history of Korea’s copyright law.’Additional informationFundingThis study was supported by the University of Malaya [IF057-2021], and it was financially supported in part by the Institute of Communication Research, Seoul National University.Notes on contributorsJimmyn ParcJimmyn Parc is an associate professor at the Department of East Asian Studies, University of Malaya, Malaysia and a researcher at the Institute of Communication Research, Seoul National University, Korea.","PeriodicalId":51520,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cultural Policy","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135778847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1080/10286632.2023.2269186
Konstantinos Kyprianos
"Libraries, archives, and museums in transition: changes, challenges, and convergence in a Scandinavian perspective." International Journal of Cultural Policy, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2
{"title":"Libraries, archives, and museums in transition: changes, challenges, and convergence in a Scandinavian perspective <b>Libraries, archives, and museums in transition: changes, challenges, and convergence in a Scandinavian perspective</b> , edited by Casper Hvenegaard Rasmussen, Kerstin Rydbeck, and Håkon Larsen, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY, Routledge, 2023, 259 pp., £120.00 (hardcover); £34.99 (softcover), ISBN 978-1-032-03752-3 (hardcover); ISBN 978-1-032-03364-8 (softcover); ISBN 978-1-003-…","authors":"Konstantinos Kyprianos","doi":"10.1080/10286632.2023.2269186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2023.2269186","url":null,"abstract":"\"Libraries, archives, and museums in transition: changes, challenges, and convergence in a Scandinavian perspective.\" International Journal of Cultural Policy, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2","PeriodicalId":51520,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cultural Policy","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1080/10286632.2023.2269200
Mervi Luonila
{"title":"Failures in cultural participation <b>Failures in cultural participation</b> , by Leila Jancovich and David Stevenson, Palgrave studies in cultural participation, Cham, Switzerland, PalgraveMacmillan, 2023, E-book available online for free: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-16116-2","authors":"Mervi Luonila","doi":"10.1080/10286632.2023.2269200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2023.2269200","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51520,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cultural Policy","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135918234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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