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When the whole-nation system meets cultural heritage in China 当整个民族体系与中国的文化遗产相遇
3区 社会学 Q2 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1080/10286632.2023.2249488
Zhaohui Liu, Jung-a Chang
ABSTRACTIn this article, we explore how China mobilised its unique whole-nation system (juguo tizhi) to become a global cultural power, focusing on the encounter between Chinese and global heritage discourses. This article is based on field ethnography of three World Heritage sites in Hangzhou, China: The West Lake Cultural Landscape, the Grand Canal of China, and the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City. The juguo tizhi is a hierarchical system mobilised to achieve national goals. In the process of China’s ‘successful’ inscribing of cultural heritage sites based on juguo tizhi, we suggest that Chinese heritage discourses are compromised, and grassroots discourses are overshadowed. The juguo tizhi reinforces statist narratives more than it protects Chinese culture, which, we argue, is linked to the tensions between cultural and national nationalism. Furthermore, we suggest that China is now moving beyond the compromising Chinese heritage discourse phase to align with global heritage discourse, and has begun to present the Chinese discourse internationally, where the juguo tizhi is mobilised. It will be noteworthy to observe how this occurrence will affect China and the global heritage landscape in the future.KEYWORDS: Whole-nation system (juguo tizhi)cultural nationalismChinaChinese discoursecultural heritage AcknowledgementWe would like to extend our sincere gratitude to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. We are deeply indebted to Mun Young Cho for her insightful comments.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementThe datasets generated or analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to privacy issues, but some are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.Notes1. Figure 1 (Originally from Kuah and Liu Citation2017). We have changed the name of ‘Ministry of Culture’ in this figure into ‘Ministry of Culture and Tourism’ according to current name of the Ministry.)Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant [NRF-2019S1A6A3A02102843].Notes on contributorsZhaohui LiuZhaohui Liu is a professor at the Institute of Anthropology at Zhejiang University, China. He is also the director of the Centre for Intangible Culture Heritage Studies at Zhejiang University and is currently engaged in a project titled ‘Social Distinction and Constructed Boundary: The Life-World of Contemporary Boatmen on the Grand Canal of China’. He has rich research experience in Malaysia, Norway, and the United States as a visiting scholar and senior researcher. His research fields are mainly linked to cultural heritage, rural community development and resettlement, and environmental humanity. As an applied anthropologist, he has, in the last decade, presided over and participated in several development projects on cultural preservation, social assessment, and resettlement action plans funded by th
摘要本文探讨了中国如何运用其独特的整体民族体系(举国之治)成为全球文化强国,重点关注中国与全球遗产话语的相遇。本文以中国杭州的三个世界遗产——西湖文化景观、中国大运河和良渚古城遗址的野外民族志为基础。举国之治是一个为实现国家目标而动员起来的等级制度。我们认为,在中国以举国之道为基础的文化遗产“成功”立项的过程中,中国的遗产话语受到了妥协,草根话语被遮蔽。我们认为,统一制强化了中央集权主义的叙事,而不是保护了中国文化,这与文化民族主义和民族主义之间的紧张关系有关。此外,我们认为中国现在正在超越妥协的中国遗产话语阶段,与全球遗产话语保持一致,并开始在国际上展示中国话语,在国际上动员举国之士。值得关注的是,这一事件将如何影响中国和未来的全球遗产景观。关键词:民族统制文化民族主义中国中国话语文化遗产感谢匿名审稿人提出的宝贵意见。我们对Mun Young Cho的深刻评论深表感谢。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。数据可用性声明由于隐私问题,本研究中生成或分析的数据集不能公开,但如有合理要求,可从通讯作者处获取部分数据集。图1(原来自Kuah and Liu Citation2017)。我们已将图中“Ministry of Culture”的名称改为“Ministry of Culture and Tourism”。本研究由韩国国家研究基金资助[NRF-2019S1A6A3A02102843]。作者简介刘朝晖,浙江大学人类学研究所教授。他也是浙江大学非物质文化遗产研究中心主任,目前正在参与“社会区分与建构边界:中国大运河上当代船夫的生活世界”项目。曾在马来西亚、挪威、美国等地担任访问学者和高级研究员。主要研究领域为文化遗产、农村社区发展与安置、环境人文等。作为一名应用人类学家,他在过去十年中主持和参与了多个由世界银行和亚洲开发银行资助的文化保护、社会评估和移民安置行动计划的发展项目,以及中国地方政府机构政策,特别是中国大运河、非物质文化遗产和博物馆等。ChangJung-a是韩国仁川国立大学中国语言与文化研究系的教授。她是在韩国首尔国立大学接受培训的文化人类学家。她主持了多个研究项目,包括中国社会文化和经济实践研究项目,以及大中华和东亚区域秩序研究项目。她是仁川国立大学中国研究院中国和海外中国文化研究所所长。她曾在中国大陆的云南、河北、安徽、浙江和香港进行人类学田野调查。她的研究兴趣包括民族主义和文化遗产,中国大陆和香港的公民身份和身份,以及国家边界和边境地区的政治。她与人合著了《当代中国非物质文化遗产》(伦敦:劳特利奇出版社)。她还是《韩国跨文化研究杂志》的主编。
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引用次数: 0
European countries’ policies on restitution of colonial cultural property: some comments from a Latin American perspective 欧洲国家对殖民地文化财产的归还政策:以拉丁美洲为视角的评论
3区 社会学 Q2 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1080/10286632.2023.2255199
María Julia Ochoa Jiménez
ABSTRACTThe restitution of colonial cultural property, which is currently the subject of much debate in Europe, raises several challenges. At first glance, it requires recognizing the injustices associated with coloniality itself and determining how restitution can occur. This requires an in-depth understanding of certain aspects that are particularly challenging, for example, the complexities related to the ways in which provenance research is conceived and conducted or the role that human rights play in postcolonial contexts. At the heart of such debates seems to be the need for legal reforms and greater respect for the interests and rights of the communities of origin. Taking into account the Latin American context, this paper critically examines how colonial cultural property restitution policies in some European countries have attempted to address some fundamental aspects underlying the consideration of the Indigenous peoples involved but, at the same time, have overlooked other aspects.KEYWORDS: Restitutioncolonialcultural propertyIndigenous peoplesLatin America Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. Legal definitions of ‘cultural property’, like those of ‘cultural heritage’, may vary in their use in the international context, and also in each country’s legal system; the same is true in relation to terms such as ‘restitution’ or ‘return’. Here, the term ‘cultural property’ is used to refer generally to objects or artifacts of cultural significance. The paper mostly refers to colonial cultural property in the way it is considered in each country’s policy document that are presented, and common remarks especially point to it to the extent that it is relevant to Indigenous peoples. The term ‘restitution’ is also used broadly.2. Although initiated by Miranda, only Quincy’s part of the correspondence is known, hence the document is called ‘Letters to Miranda’ (Quincy Citation2007). According to Prott (Citation2009, 20), the arguments of the Letters to Miranda are still valid in today’s globalized world: they are applicable to any of the ancient centers of civilization that have been, and continue to run the risk of being, dismembered.3. Literature is therefore not only abundant but diverse. Topics that have received much attention and are the subject of numerous writings are, e.g. restitution in the Nazi context (cfr., e.g. Bilsky Citation2020; Weller Citation2022) and the restitution of Indigenous human remains and associated objects (e.g. in the U.S. and Canada, cfr. Koehler Citation2007; Tünsmeyer Citation2022). This last topic has been dealt with in Latin America especially in the Argentinian and Chilean contexts (cfr., e.g. Arthur and Ayala Citation2020; Endere Citation2020).4. Merryman (Citation2009) frames in the expression ‘age of imperialism’ a broad diversity of situations ranging from the plundering practiced by the Romans to those involving the suppression of Indigenous cultures in
摘要殖民文化财产的归还问题是当前欧洲争论的焦点,同时也提出了一些挑战。乍一看,它需要认识到与殖民本身有关的不公正,并决定如何进行恢复。这需要深入了解特别具有挑战性的某些方面,例如,与构思和开展来源研究的方式有关的复杂性,或人权在后殖民背景下发挥的作用。这些辩论的核心似乎是需要进行法律改革和更加尊重原籍社区的利益和权利。考虑到拉丁美洲的情况,本文批判性地审查了一些欧洲国家的殖民文化财产归还政策如何试图解决一些基本问题,这些问题是考虑到所涉及的土著人民的,但同时却忽视了其他方面。关键词:归还;殖民文化财产;土著人民;拉丁美洲披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。“文化财产”的法律定义与“文化遗产”的法律定义一样,在国际范围内以及在每个国家的法律制度中,其使用可能有所不同;在“归还”或“归还”等术语方面也是如此。在这里,“文化财产”一词一般指具有文化意义的物品或人工制品。该文件主要以每个国家所提出的政策文件所考虑的方式提及殖民地文化财产,共同评论特别指出它与土著人民有关。“赔偿”一词也被广泛使用。虽然由米兰达发起,但只有昆西的部分通信是已知的,因此该文件被称为“给米兰达的信”(昆西引文2007)。根据普罗特(Citation2009, 20)的说法,《致米兰达信》的论点在今天的全球化世界中仍然有效:它们适用于任何曾经被肢解并继续冒着被肢解的危险的古代文明中心。因此,文学不仅丰富而且多样。受到广泛关注并成为许多著作主题的主题是,例如,在纳粹背景下的归还(参见《联邦法典》)。,如Bilsky Citation2020;韦勒引文(Weller Citation2022)和土著人类遗骸和相关物品的归还(例如,在美国和加拿大,cfr。克勒Citation2007;Tunsmeyer Citation2022)。在拉丁美洲,特别是在阿根廷和智利的情况下,讨论了最后一个专题。,例如Arthur and Ayala Citation2020;Endere Citation2020)。4。Merryman (Citation2009)在“帝国主义时代”一词中提出了各种各样的情况,从罗马人的掠夺到美国对土著文化的压制,包括英国对帕台农神庙大理石的机会主义占有。本文的重点是这三个案例,虽然他们不是唯一的;例如,见“归还和遣返”报告。《英国博物馆实用指南》,旨在为英国博物馆做好准备,以应对索赔的可能性(艺术委员会引文2022)。这些条件是:(a)“军事侵略(战利品、奖杯),无论这些作品是直接进入法国还是在成为收藏的一部分之前经过国际艺术市场”;(b)“通过殖民时期(1885-1960年)活跃在该大陆的军事人员或行政人员或其后代”获得的;(c)“1960年以前的科学考察”;或“最初由非洲机构借出用于展览或修复,但从未归还的非洲文物”(Sarr和Savoy Citation2018, 61)。归还土著人民的人类遗骸意味着区别对待(关于这一问题的全球层面,参见McKeown Citation2020等)。我感谢Johnny Antonio Davila的评论;病死率。,例如Sangiovanni (Citation2022)。关于contributorsMaría Julia Ochoa的说明JiménezMaría Julia Ochoa jim涅斯在委内瑞拉洛斯安第斯大学学习法律,并在德国Göttingen大学获得博士学位。她是西班牙洛约拉大学法律与政治学院国际私法教授。她目前正在德国波恩大学美洲人类学系进行一个关于恢复拉丁美洲文化财产的研究项目,该项目得到亚历山大·冯·洪堡基金会乔治·福斯特方案的资助。
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引用次数: 0
Not just Kangaroos and Koalas: evaluating the operation and outcomes of Australian local content regulation on pay-TV 不仅仅是袋鼠和考拉:评估澳大利亚本地付费电视内容监管的运作和结果
3区 社会学 Q2 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1080/10286632.2023.2249486
Oliver Eklund
The production and distribution of ‘local’ content around the world has been a major regulatory pressure point emerging from the global rise of video streaming platforms. To support greater evidence-based policy development as these regulations emerge, this article reflects on the outcomes of Australian local content regulation on pay-TV. In doing so, the article explores the cultural outcomes of Australian pay-TV local content regulations since the 1990s. This article demonstrates how prevailing Australian cultural policy frameworks facilitate particular types of content. The Australian case study highlights the fraught relationship between policy goals and outcomes that can occur with cultural frameworks that do little to regulate the type of culture produced and suggests a greater separation between cultural and industrial value of content is needed by regulators. The findings from this analysis of Australian cultural policy can be valuable to other interventionist markets as new regulations are considered.
随着全球视频流媒体平台的崛起,全球“本地”内容的制作和分发一直是一个主要的监管压力点。随着这些法规的出现,为了支持更大的基于证据的政策发展,本文反映了澳大利亚本地付费电视内容监管的结果。在此过程中,本文探讨了自20世纪90年代以来澳大利亚付费电视本地内容法规的文化成果。本文展示了当前澳大利亚文化政策框架如何促进特定类型的内容。澳大利亚的案例研究突出了政策目标和结果之间令人担忧的关系,这种关系可能发生在文化框架中,而文化框架几乎没有对所产生的文化类型进行监管,这表明监管机构需要在内容的文化价值和工业价值之间进行更大的区分。对澳大利亚文化政策的分析结果对其他考虑新法规的干预主义市场是有价值的。
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引用次数: 0
Supporting regional music production clusters in the post-pandemic era: placing business support at the heart of local cultural policy 在大流行后时代支持区域性音乐制作集群:将商业支持置于地方文化政策的核心
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1080/10286632.2023.2251034
Allan Watson
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引用次数: 0
Breaking open the black box of narratives on European Capital of culture: social positioning, cultural participation, and success and failure stories (case of ECOC Wrocław 2016) 打开欧洲文化之都叙事的黑箱:社会定位、文化参与、成败故事(以ECOC为例Wrocław 2016)
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.1080/10286632.2023.2244516
Katarzyna Kajdanek, M. Błaszczyk, E. Banaszak
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引用次数: 0
State–business–civic partnerships in children’s film policy: the roles of the CFD/CEF Advisory Council in post-war Britain 儿童电影政策中的国家-商业-公民伙伴关系:CFD/CEF咨询委员会在战后英国的作用
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1080/10286632.2023.2244511
Takao Terui
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引用次数: 0
Cultural policy on the move: between the paradigmatic and the pragmatic 移动中的文化政策:在范式与实用主义之间
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-08-21 DOI: 10.1080/10286632.2023.2241875
Thuy Tran
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引用次数: 0
Heritage diplomacy and soft power competition between Iran and Turkey: competing claims over Rumi and Nowruz 伊朗和土耳其之间的传统外交和软实力竞争:对鲁米和诺鲁孜节的争夺
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-08-18 DOI: 10.1080/10286632.2023.2241872
A. Mozaffari, Ali Akbar
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引用次数: 0
Risky business: policy legacy and gender inequality in Australian opera production 高风险业务:澳大利亚歌剧生产中的政策遗产和性别不平等
3区 社会学 Q2 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.1080/10286632.2023.2239266
Caitlin Vincent, Katya Johanson, Bronwyn Coate
ABSTRACT The field of cultural policy has seen a shift towards considerations of diversity, with government bodies increasingly leveraging funding to combat inequality within organisations. A barrier to this aim is a lack of quantitative data, which would provide a means to evaluate the impact of specific policies in practice. This article investigates the relationship between gender inequality at an organisational level and cultural policy at a sectoral level through a case study of Australia’s state-funded opera companies. Drawing on production data from 2005 to 2020, we consider women’s representation as conductors, directors, and designers at the state companies through the lens of Australia’s policy legacy. We find that women experience gender-based disadvantage across the key creative roles of opera production and are further negatively impacted by Australia’s existing policy landscape, which, reflecting the drivers of cultural and economic value, indirectly enables gender inequality in the field.
随着政府机构越来越多地利用资金来打击组织内部的不平等,文化政策领域已经转向考虑多样性。实现这一目标的一个障碍是缺乏数量数据,这将提供一种手段来评价具体政策在实践中的影响。本文通过对澳大利亚国家资助的歌剧公司的案例研究,调查了组织层面的性别不平等与部门层面的文化政策之间的关系。根据2005年至2020年的生产数据,我们通过澳大利亚的政策遗产来考虑女性在国有企业中担任指挥、董事和设计师的情况。我们发现,在歌剧制作的关键创意角色中,女性经历了基于性别的劣势,并受到澳大利亚现有政策格局的进一步负面影响,这反映了文化和经济价值的驱动因素,间接导致了该领域的性别不平等。
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引用次数: 0
Reframing instrumentality: from New Public Management to New Public Governance 重构工具:从新公共管理到新公共治理
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.1080/10286632.2023.2239262
Nanna Kann-Rasmussen
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引用次数: 1
期刊
International Journal of Cultural Policy
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