Pub Date : 2023-02-19DOI: 10.1080/01463373.2023.2181095
Quinten S. Bernhold
ABSTRACT This dyadic study of middle-aged parents and young adult children tested if perceptions of receiving affectionate communication were associated with tendencies to (a) exceed the speed limit when driving and (b) drive after consuming alcohol. Among other findings, children’s perceptions of receiving verbal affection, nonverbal affection, and social support from their parent were negatively associated with children’s tendency to drive after consuming one or two alcoholic drinks. Applying affection exchange theory to explain engagement in risky behaviors may comprise a nascent area of the theory’s development. Future researchers can consider if the type of relational partner whose perspective is being considered (e.g. a parent versus a child) bears implications for the extent to which affectionate communication is associated with risky behaviors.
{"title":"Parents’ and children’s affectionate communication and risky driving behaviors: a dyadic investigation","authors":"Quinten S. Bernhold","doi":"10.1080/01463373.2023.2181095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2023.2181095","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This dyadic study of middle-aged parents and young adult children tested if perceptions of receiving affectionate communication were associated with tendencies to (a) exceed the speed limit when driving and (b) drive after consuming alcohol. Among other findings, children’s perceptions of receiving verbal affection, nonverbal affection, and social support from their parent were negatively associated with children’s tendency to drive after consuming one or two alcoholic drinks. Applying affection exchange theory to explain engagement in risky behaviors may comprise a nascent area of the theory’s development. Future researchers can consider if the type of relational partner whose perspective is being considered (e.g. a parent versus a child) bears implications for the extent to which affectionate communication is associated with risky behaviors.","PeriodicalId":51521,"journal":{"name":"COMMUNICATION QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48700657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-04DOI: 10.1080/01463373.2022.2164737
Ginger Bihn-Coss, Nichole Egbert
ABSTRACT Doula assistance before, during, and after childbirth can reduce infant mortality, improve birth outcomes, and ensure a birthing person’s physical and emotional needs are met. However, doula care in the U.S. remains underutilized. Both birthing persons and medical providers may be unaware of the support roles doulas fulfill. The goal of this study is to examine how birth doulas communicate about their role as advocates through the provision of social support and describe the barriers they encounter when doing so. In-depth interviews with 10 doulas showed evidence of indirect advocacy through network, emotional, and tangible support as well as direct advocacy through informational and esteem support. Further, doulas discussed barriers related to the hospital setting, compensation, and accessibility. This study aims to cast light on the ways interpersonal health advocacy and support are intertwined in doula work and consider how doula assistance can be optimized and expanded.
{"title":"Supporting in solidarity: An examination of social support, advocacy, and barriers among birthing doulas","authors":"Ginger Bihn-Coss, Nichole Egbert","doi":"10.1080/01463373.2022.2164737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2022.2164737","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Doula assistance before, during, and after childbirth can reduce infant mortality, improve birth outcomes, and ensure a birthing person’s physical and emotional needs are met. However, doula care in the U.S. remains underutilized. Both birthing persons and medical providers may be unaware of the support roles doulas fulfill. The goal of this study is to examine how birth doulas communicate about their role as advocates through the provision of social support and describe the barriers they encounter when doing so. In-depth interviews with 10 doulas showed evidence of indirect advocacy through network, emotional, and tangible support as well as direct advocacy through informational and esteem support. Further, doulas discussed barriers related to the hospital setting, compensation, and accessibility. This study aims to cast light on the ways interpersonal health advocacy and support are intertwined in doula work and consider how doula assistance can be optimized and expanded.","PeriodicalId":51521,"journal":{"name":"COMMUNICATION QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43595263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-06DOI: 10.1080/01463373.2022.2154167
Alexandra S. Hinck, Lesley Withers, S. Hinck, Rachel Lee
ABSTRACT This study employed a qualitative thematic analysis to gain a deeper insight into post-incarcerated individuals’ narratives about the desistance process posted within an online, naturalistic context. We analyzed 87 online narratives from Prisontalk.com’s (Prison Talk Online; PTO) Success Stories forum, a discussion space focused on the transition to and life after post-incarceration. Four themes were identified from the narratives as posters discussed their continued desistance: 1) being motivated and resilient, 2) changing their self-perceptions, 3) engaging with/in supportive relationships, and 4) creating space for/from community. We found that online desistance narratives are similar to narratives disclosed in face-to-face contexts. Additionally, online spaces and the affordances they offer are important places for post-incarcerated individuals; these spaces offer the opportunity for members of the community to construct and post narratives where post-incarcerated individuals reflect on their previous actions and perform pro-social identities that help the larger carceral community.
{"title":"Post-incarcerated individuals’ online narratives: stories of desistance and “success”","authors":"Alexandra S. Hinck, Lesley Withers, S. Hinck, Rachel Lee","doi":"10.1080/01463373.2022.2154167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2022.2154167","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study employed a qualitative thematic analysis to gain a deeper insight into post-incarcerated individuals’ narratives about the desistance process posted within an online, naturalistic context. We analyzed 87 online narratives from Prisontalk.com’s (Prison Talk Online; PTO) Success Stories forum, a discussion space focused on the transition to and life after post-incarceration. Four themes were identified from the narratives as posters discussed their continued desistance: 1) being motivated and resilient, 2) changing their self-perceptions, 3) engaging with/in supportive relationships, and 4) creating space for/from community. We found that online desistance narratives are similar to narratives disclosed in face-to-face contexts. Additionally, online spaces and the affordances they offer are important places for post-incarcerated individuals; these spaces offer the opportunity for members of the community to construct and post narratives where post-incarcerated individuals reflect on their previous actions and perform pro-social identities that help the larger carceral community.","PeriodicalId":51521,"journal":{"name":"COMMUNICATION QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44557239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.1080/01463373.2022.2151927
Christine K. Anzur
ABSTRACT The current study used an Expectancy Violations Theory (EVT) framework to explore the expectations that adult adoptees have as they begin to make contact with birth family members. Thirty-two semi-structured interviews with adoptees revealed expectations for birth family contact, violations that occurred during contact, and effects of those violations. Largely, expectations were negative, as adoptees were concerned that contact would (a) cause problems for the birth family member, (b) result in a second rejection, or (c) reveal negative information about the birth family member. Adoptees experienced both positive and negative violations when they made contact, resulting in feelings of uncertainty. These results shed light on the complicated process of making birth family contact.
{"title":"“Do You Really Want to be Disappointed?”: Adoptees’ Expectations and Violations During Birth Family Contact","authors":"Christine K. Anzur","doi":"10.1080/01463373.2022.2151927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2022.2151927","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The current study used an Expectancy Violations Theory (EVT) framework to explore the expectations that adult adoptees have as they begin to make contact with birth family members. Thirty-two semi-structured interviews with adoptees revealed expectations for birth family contact, violations that occurred during contact, and effects of those violations. Largely, expectations were negative, as adoptees were concerned that contact would (a) cause problems for the birth family member, (b) result in a second rejection, or (c) reveal negative information about the birth family member. Adoptees experienced both positive and negative violations when they made contact, resulting in feelings of uncertainty. These results shed light on the complicated process of making birth family contact.","PeriodicalId":51521,"journal":{"name":"COMMUNICATION QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44703550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-27DOI: 10.1080/01463373.2022.2151928
Paul Schrodt, Madison George, Andrew M. Ledbetter
ABSTRACT This study examined emerging adults’ financial conversations with parents as mediators of family communication patterns (FCPs) (i.e., family conversation and conformity orientations) and emerging adults’ financial independence (i.e., financial autonomy and self-efficacy). Participants included 202 emerging adults ages 18 to 25. Whereas conversation orientation positively predicted both financial self-efficacy and autonomy, conformity orientation positively predicted only financial autonomy. Indirect associations emerged between both FCP orientations and financial autonomy via the frequency of financial conversations with mother, whereas indirect associations between both FCP orientations and financial self-efficacy emerged via financial conversations with father. The findings extend FCP theory by illuminating distinct explanatory pathways from the family communication environment to financial socialization in emerging adults.
{"title":"Emerging adults’ financial conversations with parents as mediators of family communication patterns and financial Independence","authors":"Paul Schrodt, Madison George, Andrew M. Ledbetter","doi":"10.1080/01463373.2022.2151928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2022.2151928","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examined emerging adults’ financial conversations with parents as mediators of family communication patterns (FCPs) (i.e., family conversation and conformity orientations) and emerging adults’ financial independence (i.e., financial autonomy and self-efficacy). Participants included 202 emerging adults ages 18 to 25. Whereas conversation orientation positively predicted both financial self-efficacy and autonomy, conformity orientation positively predicted only financial autonomy. Indirect associations emerged between both FCP orientations and financial autonomy via the frequency of financial conversations with mother, whereas indirect associations between both FCP orientations and financial self-efficacy emerged via financial conversations with father. The findings extend FCP theory by illuminating distinct explanatory pathways from the family communication environment to financial socialization in emerging adults.","PeriodicalId":51521,"journal":{"name":"COMMUNICATION QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43088346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.1080/01463373.2022.2136009
V. Trinh, Sandra L. Faulkner
ABSTRACT We conducted in-depth interviews with 20 LGBTQ+ college students about their salient identities and identity negotiation strategies framing their experiences of negotiating identity gaps that created conflicts between their salient identities using the Communication Theory of Identity (CTI). Participants engaged in three main identity negotiation strategies including identity compartmentalization, gap reconciliation, and ignoring the gap. We developed a model showing the processes of identity negotiation. This study offers a greater understanding of how LGBTQ+ college students communicatively make sense of their various identities and how scholars, practitioners, and college student personnel can contribute to LGBTQ+ college students’ psychosocial well-being.
{"title":"Using the communication theory of identity to examine identity negotiation among LGBTQ+ college students with multiple conflicting salient identities","authors":"V. Trinh, Sandra L. Faulkner","doi":"10.1080/01463373.2022.2136009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2022.2136009","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We conducted in-depth interviews with 20 LGBTQ+ college students about their salient identities and identity negotiation strategies framing their experiences of negotiating identity gaps that created conflicts between their salient identities using the Communication Theory of Identity (CTI). Participants engaged in three main identity negotiation strategies including identity compartmentalization, gap reconciliation, and ignoring the gap. We developed a model showing the processes of identity negotiation. This study offers a greater understanding of how LGBTQ+ college students communicatively make sense of their various identities and how scholars, practitioners, and college student personnel can contribute to LGBTQ+ college students’ psychosocial well-being.","PeriodicalId":51521,"journal":{"name":"COMMUNICATION QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49313349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.1080/01463373.2022.2133622
Jian Shi, Adriana S. Mucedola, Tong Lin, K. N. Green
ABSTRACT Guided by social identity theory, this study sought to understand how ingroup biases relating to political identity moderates the relationship between individuals’ judgments of a politician’s credibility and their perceived partisan ambivalence when they are exposed to news coverage about a politician who addresses their sexual misconduct allegations. A total of 198 participants were randomly assigned in a 2 by 2 between-subjects posttest-only factorial design. Results indicated that individuals who viewed the news story about a politician in their ingroup were more likely to perceive them as credible, and express higher levels of partisan ambivalence than those who viewed the story about an outgroup politician. In addition, the moderation effects suggest that despite problematic behaviors, politicians still receive significant support from their ingroup members, which has the potential to influence political outcomes in reality. Implications of the findings are discussed.
{"title":"Sexual misconduct in politics: how intergroup biases affect judgments of a scandalized politician and partisan ambivalence","authors":"Jian Shi, Adriana S. Mucedola, Tong Lin, K. N. Green","doi":"10.1080/01463373.2022.2133622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2022.2133622","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Guided by social identity theory, this study sought to understand how ingroup biases relating to political identity moderates the relationship between individuals’ judgments of a politician’s credibility and their perceived partisan ambivalence when they are exposed to news coverage about a politician who addresses their sexual misconduct allegations. A total of 198 participants were randomly assigned in a 2 by 2 between-subjects posttest-only factorial design. Results indicated that individuals who viewed the news story about a politician in their ingroup were more likely to perceive them as credible, and express higher levels of partisan ambivalence than those who viewed the story about an outgroup politician. In addition, the moderation effects suggest that despite problematic behaviors, politicians still receive significant support from their ingroup members, which has the potential to influence political outcomes in reality. Implications of the findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":51521,"journal":{"name":"COMMUNICATION QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46508079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-15DOI: 10.1080/01463373.2022.2133621
Michelle M. Matter
ABSTRACT This study assessed how informal caregivers for people with dementia humorously communicate about their caregiving tasks and experiences. Support groups for informal caregivers for people with dementia were observed, and instances of humor were thematically analyzed. Informal caregivers used humor at specific moments, including when sharing struggles and exchanging advice, and they used various types of humor, including affiliative, self-defeating, aggressive, supportive, and contestive humor. Informal caregivers’ humor use may operate as an effective coping technique and supportive strategy of reinforcement and encouragement, but humor may also be harmful or detrimental to supportive interactions. These findings offer helpful insights into informal caregivers’ communication patterns and reveal humor’s potential to bring individuals relationally closer together, even over difficult topics such as dementia.
{"title":"Adding amusement to anxiety: uses of humor in informal caregiver support groups","authors":"Michelle M. Matter","doi":"10.1080/01463373.2022.2133621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2022.2133621","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study assessed how informal caregivers for people with dementia humorously communicate about their caregiving tasks and experiences. Support groups for informal caregivers for people with dementia were observed, and instances of humor were thematically analyzed. Informal caregivers used humor at specific moments, including when sharing struggles and exchanging advice, and they used various types of humor, including affiliative, self-defeating, aggressive, supportive, and contestive humor. Informal caregivers’ humor use may operate as an effective coping technique and supportive strategy of reinforcement and encouragement, but humor may also be harmful or detrimental to supportive interactions. These findings offer helpful insights into informal caregivers’ communication patterns and reveal humor’s potential to bring individuals relationally closer together, even over difficult topics such as dementia.","PeriodicalId":51521,"journal":{"name":"COMMUNICATION QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48908348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-21DOI: 10.1080/01463373.2022.2112724
Seulgi Park, Fan Yang, M. Hayden, Amanda Morel
ABSTRACT Reproductive health communication can greatly benefit college women by providing informational and emotional support for their reproductive sexual health. However, communication about birth control with friends and sexual partners can be difficult especially if there is stigma around the topic. Applying the Disclosure Decision-Making Model, this study employs a survey of 104 college women regarding their disclosure of birth control status to a peer (Model 1) and a sexual partner (Model 2) to understand the mechanisms of decision-making (i.e., stigma, relational quality, anticipated response, disclosure efficacy) on the depth of disclosing reproductive health information. Results suggest that for both models, relational quality and anticipated response were the predictors of disclosure depth. Although all the significant paths were equivalent in the two models, relational quality predicted anticipated response more strongly in partner model. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
{"title":"Testing the disclosure decision-making model: disclosing birth control status among college women","authors":"Seulgi Park, Fan Yang, M. Hayden, Amanda Morel","doi":"10.1080/01463373.2022.2112724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2022.2112724","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Reproductive health communication can greatly benefit college women by providing informational and emotional support for their reproductive sexual health. However, communication about birth control with friends and sexual partners can be difficult especially if there is stigma around the topic. Applying the Disclosure Decision-Making Model, this study employs a survey of 104 college women regarding their disclosure of birth control status to a peer (Model 1) and a sexual partner (Model 2) to understand the mechanisms of decision-making (i.e., stigma, relational quality, anticipated response, disclosure efficacy) on the depth of disclosing reproductive health information. Results suggest that for both models, relational quality and anticipated response were the predictors of disclosure depth. Although all the significant paths were equivalent in the two models, relational quality predicted anticipated response more strongly in partner model. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":51521,"journal":{"name":"COMMUNICATION QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42219423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-10DOI: 10.1080/01463373.2022.2109978
Bryan Mclaughlin, J. A. Dunn, John A. Velez, Jeffrey Hunter
ABSTRACT This study examined the role political villains play in individuals’ political imagination, which can then lead to political violence. When there is a threatening villain, partisans should become more likely to construct elaborate narratives about the political world, which can lead them to believe the violence against the opposition is justified. Study 1 uses a survey to provide evidence that exposure to partisan news sources cultivates the perception that opposing candidate pose a grave danger to America, which leads to more narrative thought. In Study 2, an experiment demonstrates that imagining threatening villains creates more narrative thought, which is then related to support for political violence.
{"title":"There must be a villain: political threats, narrative thought, and political violence","authors":"Bryan Mclaughlin, J. A. Dunn, John A. Velez, Jeffrey Hunter","doi":"10.1080/01463373.2022.2109978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2022.2109978","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examined the role political villains play in individuals’ political imagination, which can then lead to political violence. When there is a threatening villain, partisans should become more likely to construct elaborate narratives about the political world, which can lead them to believe the violence against the opposition is justified. Study 1 uses a survey to provide evidence that exposure to partisan news sources cultivates the perception that opposing candidate pose a grave danger to America, which leads to more narrative thought. In Study 2, an experiment demonstrates that imagining threatening villains creates more narrative thought, which is then related to support for political violence.","PeriodicalId":51521,"journal":{"name":"COMMUNICATION QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46912918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：