Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2102968
Cheludo Tinaye Butale
ABSTRACT This article examines the conceptualisation of gender mainstreaming by the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and its member state Botswana, and the SADC Gender Protocol Alliance. Critical discourse analysis based on Norman Fairclough's work is used to find out how gender mainstreaming has been conceptualised to take into account the informal sector of Botswana. The findings of the study show that gender mainstreaming is limited by structural barriers of transforming unequal gender relations, and limited coordination between government institutions, the Botswana Informal Sector Association and the SADC Gender Protocol Alliance. The paper suggests that for gender mainstreaming to be effective, it requires a clear understanding on how various policies define gender problems and shape gender relations.
{"title":"The ambiguous conceptualisation of gender mainstreaming in the Southern African Development Community","authors":"Cheludo Tinaye Butale","doi":"10.1080/0376835X.2022.2102968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2102968","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines the conceptualisation of gender mainstreaming by the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and its member state Botswana, and the SADC Gender Protocol Alliance. Critical discourse analysis based on Norman Fairclough's work is used to find out how gender mainstreaming has been conceptualised to take into account the informal sector of Botswana. The findings of the study show that gender mainstreaming is limited by structural barriers of transforming unequal gender relations, and limited coordination between government institutions, the Botswana Informal Sector Association and the SADC Gender Protocol Alliance. The paper suggests that for gender mainstreaming to be effective, it requires a clear understanding on how various policies define gender problems and shape gender relations.","PeriodicalId":51523,"journal":{"name":"Development Southern Africa","volume":"40 1","pages":"713 - 727"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42827352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-27DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2103519
E. Obioha
ABSTRACT This paper articulates state response to homelessness through multi-agency intervention in South Africa. While it argues strongly on relativity of homelessness, it however agrees with previous authors on common constituents of the concept. Based on secondary sources this paper delves into what constitutes homelessness and why there has been homelessness in the country, due to one or a combination of structural and individual related drivers. It further explores the state’s use of a multi-agency housing focused approach that integrates appropriate legislations, social services interventions and public works, where over 3.3 million houses have been delivered in the country. While in-depth review of available data indicated significant increase in housing provision, the strategy is confronted with human, material, and rising need concerns. Importantly, there is no certainty yet on the extent to which the ‘street homeless’ and marginalised groups of the poor are served equally to other categories of the homeless.
{"title":"State response to homelessness in South Africa: A multi-agency housing focused intervention approach considered","authors":"E. Obioha","doi":"10.1080/0376835X.2022.2103519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2103519","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper articulates state response to homelessness through multi-agency intervention in South Africa. While it argues strongly on relativity of homelessness, it however agrees with previous authors on common constituents of the concept. Based on secondary sources this paper delves into what constitutes homelessness and why there has been homelessness in the country, due to one or a combination of structural and individual related drivers. It further explores the state’s use of a multi-agency housing focused approach that integrates appropriate legislations, social services interventions and public works, where over 3.3 million houses have been delivered in the country. While in-depth review of available data indicated significant increase in housing provision, the strategy is confronted with human, material, and rising need concerns. Importantly, there is no certainty yet on the extent to which the ‘street homeless’ and marginalised groups of the poor are served equally to other categories of the homeless.","PeriodicalId":51523,"journal":{"name":"Development Southern Africa","volume":"39 1","pages":"990 - 1006"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44485660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2098089
I. Turok, J. Visagie
ABSTRACT The coronavirus pandemic has had devastating effects on urban lives and livelihoods throughout the world. A major concern in the global North has been the hollowing out of central cities caused by remote working. The consequences for cities in the global South extend further and deeper because their economies are weaker, social and spatial inequalities larger, and healthcare systems more fragile. The paper explores the uneven trajectory of COVID-19 for people and places in South African cities, drawing on unique individual panel data. It shows how communities that were already the most vulnerable have been hit hardest by the pandemic, triggering hardship, hunger and social unrest. Local institutions will have to play a stronger role if society is to manage pandemics better in the future.
{"title":"The divergent pathways of the pandemic within South African cities","authors":"I. Turok, J. Visagie","doi":"10.1080/0376835X.2022.2098089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2098089","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The coronavirus pandemic has had devastating effects on urban lives and livelihoods throughout the world. A major concern in the global North has been the hollowing out of central cities caused by remote working. The consequences for cities in the global South extend further and deeper because their economies are weaker, social and spatial inequalities larger, and healthcare systems more fragile. The paper explores the uneven trajectory of COVID-19 for people and places in South African cities, drawing on unique individual panel data. It shows how communities that were already the most vulnerable have been hit hardest by the pandemic, triggering hardship, hunger and social unrest. Local institutions will have to play a stronger role if society is to manage pandemics better in the future.","PeriodicalId":51523,"journal":{"name":"Development Southern Africa","volume":"39 1","pages":"738 - 761"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45534977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-04DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2098090
A. O. Alabi, Stephen M. Mutula
ABSTRACT In both developed and developing countries, the fourth industrial revolution has brought serious concerns about human development. Although the fourth industrial revolution has the propensity to enhance human well-being in sustainable and innovative ways, nearly half of Africa's work is vulnerable to innovations of the digital wave. The study examined the impact of human development on fourth industrial revolution in sub-Saharan African countries, using time series data spanning from 2003 to 2019. Data was analysed using fully modified ordinary least (FMOLS) technique. The findings of the study revealed that human development has a positive but insignificant influence on the fourth industrial revolution. The article promotes awareness of the steps necessary to speed up the development of a relevant, requisite and competitive workforce for industry 4.0.
{"title":"Human development for the fourth industrial revolution: Which way for Sub-Saharan Africa?","authors":"A. O. Alabi, Stephen M. Mutula","doi":"10.1080/0376835X.2022.2098090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2098090","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In both developed and developing countries, the fourth industrial revolution has brought serious concerns about human development. Although the fourth industrial revolution has the propensity to enhance human well-being in sustainable and innovative ways, nearly half of Africa's work is vulnerable to innovations of the digital wave. The study examined the impact of human development on fourth industrial revolution in sub-Saharan African countries, using time series data spanning from 2003 to 2019. Data was analysed using fully modified ordinary least (FMOLS) technique. The findings of the study revealed that human development has a positive but insignificant influence on the fourth industrial revolution. The article promotes awareness of the steps necessary to speed up the development of a relevant, requisite and competitive workforce for industry 4.0.","PeriodicalId":51523,"journal":{"name":"Development Southern Africa","volume":"39 1","pages":"528 - 542"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42655977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-27DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2090898
Steven Matome Mathetsa, M. D. Simatele, I. Rampedi
ABSTRACT This paper uses a participatory approach to assess the level of understanding of the Water-Energy-Climate Change (WECC) nexus in South Africa. The aim is to initiate the development of well-coordinated, systematic, and holistic strategies to promote efficient management of the WECC and its implications in the country. The assessment follows the learnings from the Integrated Water Resource Management framework, which promotes a participatory approach in the administration of water resources. The paper reveals that, despite the reasonable level of understanding of WECC, it is still insufficient to promote an integrated approach mainly in policy development and planning for water and energy resources while averting climate impacts. This is exacerbated by limited coordination and consultation among various stakeholders. However, minimal efforts to promote an integrated approach in the management of the WECC sectors is observed. Despite these developments, the paper proposes that the participatory approach is feasible to promote holistic strategies and collaboration among stakeholders mandated to manage WECC sectors. Until approaches such as this are adopted within the institutional framework, this nexus will continue to impede the country's sustainable development endeavours.
{"title":"Applying the participatory approach to assess the Water-Energy-Climate Change nexus in South Africa","authors":"Steven Matome Mathetsa, M. D. Simatele, I. Rampedi","doi":"10.1080/0376835X.2022.2090898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2090898","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper uses a participatory approach to assess the level of understanding of the Water-Energy-Climate Change (WECC) nexus in South Africa. The aim is to initiate the development of well-coordinated, systematic, and holistic strategies to promote efficient management of the WECC and its implications in the country. The assessment follows the learnings from the Integrated Water Resource Management framework, which promotes a participatory approach in the administration of water resources. The paper reveals that, despite the reasonable level of understanding of WECC, it is still insufficient to promote an integrated approach mainly in policy development and planning for water and energy resources while averting climate impacts. This is exacerbated by limited coordination and consultation among various stakeholders. However, minimal efforts to promote an integrated approach in the management of the WECC sectors is observed. Despite these developments, the paper proposes that the participatory approach is feasible to promote holistic strategies and collaboration among stakeholders mandated to manage WECC sectors. Until approaches such as this are adopted within the institutional framework, this nexus will continue to impede the country's sustainable development endeavours.","PeriodicalId":51523,"journal":{"name":"Development Southern Africa","volume":"40 1","pages":"696 - 712"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41779031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-23DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2090317
K. Wall
ABSTRACT The ‘social franchising’ model for the operation and maintenance of selected water and sanitation infrastructure, the conceptual origins of the model, its subsequent development by desktop research methods, and its piloting in the field, are described. Piloted in South Africa by a team with extensive experience of water and sanitation infrastructure and business development, the model has since been rolled out to scale, simultaneously bringing about (i) the servicing of selected infrastructure, returning it to full use, and (ii) micro-business development and nurturing, job creation, and skills development. Development and implementation of the model over two decades have demonstrated its robust nature compared to equivalent stand-alone micro-businesses, how it can partner in schools to improve health and hygiene education, and the effectiveness of the work it has done on infrastructure servicing and to accomplish tasks other than basic maintenance.
{"title":"Addressing the infrastructure maintenance gap while creating employment and transferring skills: An innovative institutional model","authors":"K. Wall","doi":"10.1080/0376835X.2022.2090317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2090317","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The ‘social franchising’ model for the operation and maintenance of selected water and sanitation infrastructure, the conceptual origins of the model, its subsequent development by desktop research methods, and its piloting in the field, are described. Piloted in South Africa by a team with extensive experience of water and sanitation infrastructure and business development, the model has since been rolled out to scale, simultaneously bringing about (i) the servicing of selected infrastructure, returning it to full use, and (ii) micro-business development and nurturing, job creation, and skills development. Development and implementation of the model over two decades have demonstrated its robust nature compared to equivalent stand-alone micro-businesses, how it can partner in schools to improve health and hygiene education, and the effectiveness of the work it has done on infrastructure servicing and to accomplish tasks other than basic maintenance.","PeriodicalId":51523,"journal":{"name":"Development Southern Africa","volume":"40 1","pages":"675 - 695"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44083629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-21DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2089635
Reza Che Daniels, Kim Ingle, Tim S. L. Brophy
ABSTRACT This paper conducts an analysis of employment uncertainty in South Africa during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, using NIDS-CRAM and five waves of Statistics SA's Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS: 2020-Q1 to 2021-Q1). We find that much of the differences in estimates of labour force states including employment, unemployment and not economically active, are due to different initial conditions and different reference periods between the two surveys, as well as the way that uncertain job attachment is measured in the questionnaires. This leads to higher estimates of employment in NIDS-CRAM compared to the QLFS for both a pre-pandemic baseline and over the entire period investigated (February 2020 to March 2021). This implies the two data sources are not strictly comparable, but rather complementary when analysing different aspects of the labour force. We discuss the implications for labour market research based on these data sources.
{"title":"Employment uncertainty in the era of COVID-19: Evidence from NIDS-CRAM and the QLFS","authors":"Reza Che Daniels, Kim Ingle, Tim S. L. Brophy","doi":"10.1080/0376835X.2022.2089635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2089635","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper conducts an analysis of employment uncertainty in South Africa during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, using NIDS-CRAM and five waves of Statistics SA's Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS: 2020-Q1 to 2021-Q1). We find that much of the differences in estimates of labour force states including employment, unemployment and not economically active, are due to different initial conditions and different reference periods between the two surveys, as well as the way that uncertain job attachment is measured in the questionnaires. This leads to higher estimates of employment in NIDS-CRAM compared to the QLFS for both a pre-pandemic baseline and over the entire period investigated (February 2020 to March 2021). This implies the two data sources are not strictly comparable, but rather complementary when analysing different aspects of the labour force. We discuss the implications for labour market research based on these data sources.","PeriodicalId":51523,"journal":{"name":"Development Southern Africa","volume":"39 1","pages":"623 - 643"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43300855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-14DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2085667
Sandile Mthethwa, Edilegnaw Wale Zegeye
ABSTRACT This study measures the vulnerability of households to food insecurity by measuring the risk or threat posed by climate change. This is conducted using multilevel or hierarchal regression, an extension of the “Three Stage Least Squares” model. Unlike the standard ordinary least squares regression model, this model can produce estimates of different hierarchal levels and produce unbiased reliable standard errors. With a sample size of 18,444 households nested within nine provinces, the findings show that climate change is a reality in South Africa, and it poses serious threats that expose households to future food consumption inadequacies. This study also offers a deeper understanding of the different sources of vulnerability among these households. Poverty or structural-induced vulnerability emerged as the main source of vulnerability for South African households. Climate change-induced vulnerabilities were also found to be prevalent and detrimental in rural areas with Limpopo and Eastern Cape being the most vulnerable provinces.
{"title":"Household vulnerability to climate change in South Africa: A multilevel regression model","authors":"Sandile Mthethwa, Edilegnaw Wale Zegeye","doi":"10.1080/0376835X.2022.2085667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2085667","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study measures the vulnerability of households to food insecurity by measuring the risk or threat posed by climate change. This is conducted using multilevel or hierarchal regression, an extension of the “Three Stage Least Squares” model. Unlike the standard ordinary least squares regression model, this model can produce estimates of different hierarchal levels and produce unbiased reliable standard errors. With a sample size of 18,444 households nested within nine provinces, the findings show that climate change is a reality in South Africa, and it poses serious threats that expose households to future food consumption inadequacies. This study also offers a deeper understanding of the different sources of vulnerability among these households. Poverty or structural-induced vulnerability emerged as the main source of vulnerability for South African households. Climate change-induced vulnerabilities were also found to be prevalent and detrimental in rural areas with Limpopo and Eastern Cape being the most vulnerable provinces.","PeriodicalId":51523,"journal":{"name":"Development Southern Africa","volume":"40 1","pages":"466 - 481"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46296192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2022.2070454
B. Roberts, J. Struwig, S. Gordon, Thobeka Zondi, S. Hannan, Michael Gastrow
ABSTRACT The risks posed by climate change have become increasingly apparent. In response, the South African government has introduced various policy measures, reflecting a commitment to transitioning to a low-carbon economy. Successfully navigating this transition requires policy processes to take account of individual preferences, concerns, and lived realities. Yet a significant knowledge gap remains. Data from the South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS, 2017) are used to test aspects of the Stern’s value-belief-norm model. Climate beliefs, climate concern and personal responsibility are profiled. The strongest predictors of climate concern are a belief in the reality of climate change, expectations of negative impacts, and the salience afforded to climate change. In turn, climate concern, attribution scepticism, and impact scepticism are most likely to determine feelings of personal responsibility to reduce climate change. These findings have implications for climate change communication and interventions to minimise the human development consequences of climate change.
{"title":"Generation of change? South African attitudes towards climate change in comparative perspective","authors":"B. Roberts, J. Struwig, S. Gordon, Thobeka Zondi, S. Hannan, Michael Gastrow","doi":"10.1080/0376835X.2022.2070454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2022.2070454","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The risks posed by climate change have become increasingly apparent. In response, the South African government has introduced various policy measures, reflecting a commitment to transitioning to a low-carbon economy. Successfully navigating this transition requires policy processes to take account of individual preferences, concerns, and lived realities. Yet a significant knowledge gap remains. Data from the South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS, 2017) are used to test aspects of the Stern’s value-belief-norm model. Climate beliefs, climate concern and personal responsibility are profiled. The strongest predictors of climate concern are a belief in the reality of climate change, expectations of negative impacts, and the salience afforded to climate change. In turn, climate concern, attribution scepticism, and impact scepticism are most likely to determine feelings of personal responsibility to reduce climate change. These findings have implications for climate change communication and interventions to minimise the human development consequences of climate change.","PeriodicalId":51523,"journal":{"name":"Development Southern Africa","volume":"40 1","pages":"441 - 465"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42698669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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