SUMMARY This paper is consciously interdisciplinary. The literature of theology, myth, and folklore is juxtaposed with the literature of family systems, organizational studies, and service management to explore the multifaceted meaning of the term hospitality practice. The related origins of such words as guest, host, and stranger are presented to create a model of possibility capable of imagining how the ancient image of the proverbial stranger at the door remains an apt metaphorical model for hospitality practice to be enacted on both private as well as public levels of social interaction. The interconnectedness derived from such meanings, drawn between older forms of hospitality practice and its contemporary reincarnation in a formalized industry niche, called Hospitality, are intended to articulate how service quality is an attribute that the industry owes as much to its employees as to its customers.
{"title":"The Spiritual Essence of Hospitality Practice","authors":"Michele Grottola","doi":"10.1300/J002v28n01_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J002v28n01_01","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY This paper is consciously interdisciplinary. The literature of theology, myth, and folklore is juxtaposed with the literature of family systems, organizational studies, and service management to explore the multifaceted meaning of the term hospitality practice. The related origins of such words as guest, host, and stranger are presented to create a model of possibility capable of imagining how the ancient image of the proverbial stranger at the door remains an apt metaphorical model for hospitality practice to be enacted on both private as well as public levels of social interaction. The interconnectedness derived from such meanings, drawn between older forms of hospitality practice and its contemporary reincarnation in a formalized industry niche, called Hospitality, are intended to articulate how service quality is an attribute that the industry owes as much to its employees as to its customers.","PeriodicalId":51527,"journal":{"name":"MARRIAGE AND FAMILY REVIEW","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1998-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J002v28n01_01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66464047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY This study has profiled the cultural heritage of American food habits. American food habits remained predominantly European until the middle of the 20th century, and became distinctly American by late 20th century. This study indicates that the relationship between the culture and the food habits is bi-directional. Analysis of changes in the family structure, and their impact on food habits in the Western civilization from the period of the Roman and Greek empires through the 20th century are included. Contrary to the earlier beliefs, food habits of individuals were found to be more permanent and stable than their socioeconomic, cultural, religious, educational, and ethnic preferences. American food habits of the 20th century are influenced by its cultural sub-groups. Food habits include not only food consumption habits but also the food procurement, production, preparation, and preservation practices. The food habits are often passed on from one generation to another like sacred texts and family ...
{"title":"Cultural Heritage of American Food Habits and Implications for the Hospitality Industry","authors":"H. Parsa","doi":"10.1300/J002V28N01_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J002V28N01_02","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY This study has profiled the cultural heritage of American food habits. American food habits remained predominantly European until the middle of the 20th century, and became distinctly American by late 20th century. This study indicates that the relationship between the culture and the food habits is bi-directional. Analysis of changes in the family structure, and their impact on food habits in the Western civilization from the period of the Roman and Greek empires through the 20th century are included. Contrary to the earlier beliefs, food habits of individuals were found to be more permanent and stable than their socioeconomic, cultural, religious, educational, and ethnic preferences. American food habits of the 20th century are influenced by its cultural sub-groups. Food habits include not only food consumption habits but also the food procurement, production, preparation, and preservation practices. The food habits are often passed on from one generation to another like sacred texts and family ...","PeriodicalId":51527,"journal":{"name":"MARRIAGE AND FAMILY REVIEW","volume":"28 1","pages":"23-48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1998-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J002V28N01_02","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66463614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY This research addresses the issues of older adults and the frequency of fast food patronage, fast food meals purchased most often, and reasons for fast food patronage. A randomly selected sample of 500 mature adults (50 years of age and older) was surveyed. The response rate was 36 percent (n = 175). Results of this study indicate that older males are more likely to patronize fast food restaurants than their female counterparts. Mature adults who were in the 60-64 age group were significantly more likely to frequent fast food restaurants than other mature age segments.
{"title":"From the golden arches to the golden pond : Fast food and older adults","authors":"J. S. Reynolds, L. Kennon, Nancy L. Kniatt","doi":"10.1300/J002V28N01_12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J002V28N01_12","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY This research addresses the issues of older adults and the frequency of fast food patronage, fast food meals purchased most often, and reasons for fast food patronage. A randomly selected sample of 500 mature adults (50 years of age and older) was surveyed. The response rate was 36 percent (n = 175). Results of this study indicate that older males are more likely to patronize fast food restaurants than their female counterparts. Mature adults who were in the 60-64 age group were significantly more likely to frequent fast food restaurants than other mature age segments.","PeriodicalId":51527,"journal":{"name":"MARRIAGE AND FAMILY REVIEW","volume":"28 1","pages":"213-224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1998-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J002V28N01_12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66464140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY Because of African-American women's overrepresentation in several hospitality-related occupations, hospitality research is uniquely positioned to make a significant contribution to understanding African-American women's work. This paper describes African-American women's participation as employees, managers, and entrepreneurs in the hospitality industry, as well as the multiple roles African-American families play in relationship to African-American women's domestic and hospitality work.
{"title":"African-American women, family and hospitality work","authors":"A. Farrar, Laverne Gyant","doi":"10.1300/J002V28N01_07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J002V28N01_07","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Because of African-American women's overrepresentation in several hospitality-related occupations, hospitality research is uniquely positioned to make a significant contribution to understanding African-American women's work. This paper describes African-American women's participation as employees, managers, and entrepreneurs in the hospitality industry, as well as the multiple roles African-American families play in relationship to African-American women's domestic and hospitality work.","PeriodicalId":51527,"journal":{"name":"MARRIAGE AND FAMILY REVIEW","volume":"28 1","pages":"125-141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1998-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J002V28N01_07","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66464345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY Quantity feeding has always been an integral part of hospitality. This chapter provides a historic description of the food production, quality, and safety challenges facing those individuals who fed Union and/or Confederate soldiers during 1861-1865.
{"title":"Quantity Feeding During the American Civil War","authors":"D. Torisky, Reginald Foucar-Szocki, J. B. Walker","doi":"10.1300/J002V28N01_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J002V28N01_04","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Quantity feeding has always been an integral part of hospitality. This chapter provides a historic description of the food production, quality, and safety challenges facing those individuals who fed Union and/or Confederate soldiers during 1861-1865.","PeriodicalId":51527,"journal":{"name":"MARRIAGE AND FAMILY REVIEW","volume":"28 1","pages":"69-91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1998-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J002V28N01_04","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66464153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Step- and Foster Families","authors":"P. Erera","doi":"10.1300/J002V26N03_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J002V26N03_06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51527,"journal":{"name":"MARRIAGE AND FAMILY REVIEW","volume":"26 1","pages":"301-315"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J002V26N03_06","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66462995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Marini (1984) argues that “a normative model of the life course, which assumes a normative life pattern and focuses on the role of norms in shaping the timing and sequencing of major life events, should not be adopted as a general paradigm for research.” This challenge to the normative explanation of sequencing and timing of life events has largely gone unanswered. Hogan and Astone (1986) suggest that Marini confuses levels of analysis but they do not elaborate their argument. Although Marini's challenge has remained unanswered, researchers continue to interpret aggregate data as an expression of normative culture (e.g., Bumpass and Sweet, 1990). The present paper argues that there are specific constructs for the concept of social norm appropriate for each level of analysis. Marini's argument depends on the use of only the group level construct of social norm and a failure to recognize constructs appropriate for the other levels of analysis used in the study of the timing and sequencing of events.
{"title":"The Normative Interpretation of Life Course Event Histories","authors":"James M. White","doi":"10.1300/J002V27N03_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J002V27N03_02","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Marini (1984) argues that “a normative model of the life course, which assumes a normative life pattern and focuses on the role of norms in shaping the timing and sequencing of major life events, should not be adopted as a general paradigm for research.” This challenge to the normative explanation of sequencing and timing of life events has largely gone unanswered. Hogan and Astone (1986) suggest that Marini confuses levels of analysis but they do not elaborate their argument. Although Marini's challenge has remained unanswered, researchers continue to interpret aggregate data as an expression of normative culture (e.g., Bumpass and Sweet, 1990). The present paper argues that there are specific constructs for the concept of social norm appropriate for each level of analysis. Marini's argument depends on the use of only the group level construct of social norm and a failure to recognize constructs appropriate for the other levels of analysis used in the study of the timing and sequencing of events.","PeriodicalId":51527,"journal":{"name":"MARRIAGE AND FAMILY REVIEW","volume":"27 1","pages":"211-235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1998-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J002V27N03_02","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66463800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Based on a six-year fieldwork in Israeli hospitals, this paper focuses on the reactions of parents to their appearance-impaired newborn, suggesting that the majority of parents are apt to abandon their child as a result of an external deformity. It is further found that visible impairments, however slight and curable, are likely to cause rejection, while often more medically severe internal problems do not. On the basis of these findings, which are shown to cut across ethnic, economical and educational categories, several possible explanations are considered. It is suggested that in the absence of any other information, the extreme significance of appearance in the case of the newborn may produce, when deviating from the expected body-image, a cognitive dissonance powerful enough so as to result in the stigmatifation of the appearance-impaired child as a “non-person,” and hence lead to his/her rejection. The paper concludes with an outline of practical implications for family psychologists, thera...
{"title":"Parents' Rejection of Their Appearance-Impaired Newborns: Some Critical Observations Regarding the Social Myth of Bonding","authors":"M. Weiss","doi":"10.1300/J002V27N03_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J002V27N03_01","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Based on a six-year fieldwork in Israeli hospitals, this paper focuses on the reactions of parents to their appearance-impaired newborn, suggesting that the majority of parents are apt to abandon their child as a result of an external deformity. It is further found that visible impairments, however slight and curable, are likely to cause rejection, while often more medically severe internal problems do not. On the basis of these findings, which are shown to cut across ethnic, economical and educational categories, several possible explanations are considered. It is suggested that in the absence of any other information, the extreme significance of appearance in the case of the newborn may produce, when deviating from the expected body-image, a cognitive dissonance powerful enough so as to result in the stigmatifation of the appearance-impaired child as a “non-person,” and hence lead to his/her rejection. The paper concludes with an outline of practical implications for family psychologists, thera...","PeriodicalId":51527,"journal":{"name":"MARRIAGE AND FAMILY REVIEW","volume":"27 1","pages":"191-209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1998-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J002V27N03_01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66464031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The status of research on primary socialization in the family is assessed using Kuhn'S concept of paradigm. Data were derived from a content analysis of a twenty-five percent random sample of all articles on family primary socialization published in The Journal of Marriage and the Family and its predecessor, Family Living, from 1939 through 1989. Articles were analyzed according to the following paradigmatic dimensions: image of the subject matter, theory, methodology, purpose and object of study. Evidence is found for both pluralism and hegemony. Pluralism is evidenced from the competition between systems theory and symbolic interaction as dominating theoretical frameworks. A constraining hegemony in research on primary socialization was also identified as use of survey methods, basic purposes, focus on parent-child relationships and the adolescent stage of development. There was a conspicuous lack of concern with linkages of the family to other institutions involved in primary socialization, or...
{"title":"Theory and Methodology in Family Socialization Research","authors":"K. Dietrich, J. Picou","doi":"10.1300/J002V27N01_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J002V27N01_02","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The status of research on primary socialization in the family is assessed using Kuhn'S concept of paradigm. Data were derived from a content analysis of a twenty-five percent random sample of all articles on family primary socialization published in The Journal of Marriage and the Family and its predecessor, Family Living, from 1939 through 1989. Articles were analyzed according to the following paradigmatic dimensions: image of the subject matter, theory, methodology, purpose and object of study. Evidence is found for both pluralism and hegemony. Pluralism is evidenced from the competition between systems theory and symbolic interaction as dominating theoretical frameworks. A constraining hegemony in research on primary socialization was also identified as use of survey methods, basic purposes, focus on parent-child relationships and the adolescent stage of development. There was a conspicuous lack of concern with linkages of the family to other institutions involved in primary socialization, or...","PeriodicalId":51527,"journal":{"name":"MARRIAGE AND FAMILY REVIEW","volume":"27 1","pages":"3-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1998-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J002V27N01_02","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66462689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT This research examined three marital types proposed by Scanzoni. Data from 112 couples were analyzed to develop profiles of equal-partner, junior-partner, and head-complement marriages using demographic characteristics, equity in earning and housekeeping. Those in equal and junior-partner marriages were most advantaged. Equal financial responsibility was less important in sustaining well-being for women than work itself. When husbands held more constricted views of work roles of women, but felt inequity in earning, wives had the lowest self-esteem. The typology differentiated quality of life. In contrast to some earlier research, both spouses and a range of ages were studied in a multivariate analysis.
{"title":"Marital Types and Quality of Life: A Reexamination of a Typology","authors":"P. Keith, R. Schafer","doi":"10.1300/J002V27N01_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J002V27N01_03","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This research examined three marital types proposed by Scanzoni. Data from 112 couples were analyzed to develop profiles of equal-partner, junior-partner, and head-complement marriages using demographic characteristics, equity in earning and housekeeping. Those in equal and junior-partner marriages were most advantaged. Equal financial responsibility was less important in sustaining well-being for women than work itself. When husbands held more constricted views of work roles of women, but felt inequity in earning, wives had the lowest self-esteem. The typology differentiated quality of life. In contrast to some earlier research, both spouses and a range of ages were studied in a multivariate analysis.","PeriodicalId":51527,"journal":{"name":"MARRIAGE AND FAMILY REVIEW","volume":"27 1","pages":"19-35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1998-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J002V27N01_03","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66462807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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