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Wealth is King: The Conceptualization of Wealth in Igbo Personal Naming Practices 财富为王:伊博人个人命名实践中的财富概念
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-22 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2021.0043
Eyo O. Mensah, Queendaline I. Iloh
ABSTRACT:Personal names among the Igbo people of South-eastern Nigeria can also be understood and contextualized within the fringes of their cultural values, worldviews, emotions, and economic resources. This article explores the conceptualization of wealth in Igbo personal naming practices from an ethnopragmatic paradigm, which uncovers the hidden meanings underlying the interpretation of language. Drawing on ethnographic data sourced through participant observations, semi-structured interviews, and informal conversations with 30 participants (name-bearers, givers, and users) in the eastern heartland of Owerri (Imo State) and Abuja, Nigeria's Federal Capital Territory, we contextualize the pattern of wealth-inspired names among the Igbo as symbolic capital aimed at securing the welfare and future life trajectories of their bearers. We conclude that the concept of wealth has an intrinsic value among the Igbo for social class distinction, and it is reinscribed in the onomastic system to reflect parental aspirations for enduring social status, positioning, and belonging in the institutionalized class system. In this way, Igbo personal names function as economic resources for identity construction and social status classification.
摘要:尼日利亚东南部伊博人的名字也可以在他们的文化价值观、世界观、情感和经济资源的边缘被理解和语境化。本文从民族语用学范式探讨了伊博人命名实践中财富的概念化,揭示了语言解释背后隐藏的含义。根据通过参与者观察、半结构化访谈以及与奥韦里东部中心地带(伊莫州)和尼日利亚联邦首都阿布贾的30名参与者(姓名持有者、提供者和使用者)的非正式对话获得的民族志数据,我们将伊博人中受财富启发的名字模式作为象征性资本,旨在确保其持有者的福利和未来生活轨迹。我们得出的结论是,财富的概念在伊博人中具有社会阶级区分的内在价值,它在经济学体系中被重新描述,以反映父母在制度化阶级体系中对持久的社会地位、定位和归属的渴望。通过这种方式,伊博人的名字起到了身份建构和社会地位分类的经济资源的作用。
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引用次数: 6
Demanding Images: Democracy, Mediation, and the Image-Event in Indonesia by Karen Strassler (review) 《要求的影像:印尼的民主、调解与影像事件》,卡伦·斯特拉斯勒著(书评)
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-22 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2021.0038
K. George
R in terms of its broadest ambitions and reach, Karen Strassler’s Demanding Images is a welcome and absorbing ethnographic study of “the protean and unpredictable nature of political communication in an age of neoliberalism, democracy, and complexly mediated public spheres” (24). The uncertainties of Indonesia’s post-authoritarian politics are the focus of the book, framed by the collapse of the Suharto regime in May 1998 and the election of Joko Widodo (“Jokowi”) as the country’s seventh president in July 2014. This 16-year period witnessed: a studentled reform movement (Reformasi); increasingly pluralistic and participatory democracy, accompanied by decentralization and electoral reforms; growing press freedoms; public demand for transparency and accountability; persistent corruption and scandal; further saturation of society by neoliberal ideologies and economic schemes; a proliferation of new visual and media technologies; and oligarchic control or ownership of media by political elites and corporate figures. This framing begins on an auspicious note—the collapse of an authoritarian regime joined with the exuberant hopes of Reformasi. It ends on one as well—the electoral triumph of the populist, democratic reformer Jokowi. Life isn’t all sunshine, however. Strassler is acutely aware of the “lingering afterlife of authoritarian ideologies and practices” (19) that left Indonesians in a state of anxiety and unease throughout the period. Progressive activists have been key to the energies of reformist moments; so, too, have they been watchful for ghosts from the authoritarian past. It is no surprise then that activists hold
就其最广泛的野心和影响力而言,Karen Strassler的《要求的图像》是一本受欢迎且引人入胜的民族志研究,研究了“在新自由主义、民主和复杂的公共领域中,政治沟通的多变和不可预测性”(24)。印尼后独裁政治的不确定性是本书的焦点,1998年5月苏哈托政权垮台,2014年7月佐科·维多多当选为该国第七任总统。这16年见证了:学生改革运动(Reformasi);日益多元化和参与性的民主,伴随着权力下放和选举改革;日益增长的新闻自由;公众对透明度和问责制的要求;持续的腐败和丑闻;新自由主义意识形态和经济计划使社会进一步饱和;新的视觉和媒体技术的激增;以及政治精英和企业人物对媒体的寡头控制或所有权。这一框架以一个吉祥的音符开始——独裁政权的崩溃与Reformasi的旺盛希望交织在一起。它也以民粹主义、民主改革者佐科维在选举中的胜利而告终。然而,生活并不全是阳光。Strassler敏锐地意识到“独裁意识形态和做法挥之不去的来生”(19),这让印尼人在整个时期都处于焦虑和不安的状态。进步活动家一直是改革派时刻能量的关键;他们也一直在警惕过去独裁统治时期的幽灵。因此,活动人士持有
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引用次数: 0
The Data Multiple: Seeing Double in Digital Entrepreneurialism 数据倍数:数字创业主义的双重视角
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-22 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2021.0040
Y. Grinberg
ABSTRACT:Media and critical data scholars often critique digital entrepreneurs for endorsing narrow and positivist models of data and corporeality. But what happens when device makers plan for digital uncertainty and are invested in fostering interpretive fluidity of both data and bodies? Drawing on two years of ethnographic fieldwork with makers of wearable computing in New York City's Silicon Alley, this article argues that creators of wearable technology work with more pluralized concepts of data than digital scholars often recognize. In marketing materials and public-facing documents, devices makers often do promote the idea that wearable technology can help people to patiently synchronize their digital records so as to compile Borgesian archives of their experiences. In practice, commercial imperatives effectively require that product makers also cultivate a multifaceted regard of personal data and somatic experience. In examining how device makers capitalize on the ambiguities inherent to digital knowing and thus enact a digital economy shaped by pliable rather than atomized notions of corporeality and data, this article opens onto wider debates about the politics of digital representation.
摘要:媒体和批判性数据学者经常批评数字企业家支持狭隘的实证数据和实体模型。但是,当设备制造商计划应对数字不确定性,并投资于培养数据和身体的解释流动性时,会发生什么?这篇文章借鉴了纽约市硅谷可穿戴计算制造商两年的民族志实地调查,认为可穿戴技术的创造者使用的数据概念比数字学者通常认识到的更多元。在营销材料和面向公众的文件中,设备制造商经常宣传这样一种理念,即可穿戴技术可以帮助人们耐心地同步他们的数字记录,从而汇编他们的经历的博格人档案。在实践中,商业需求实际上要求产品制造商也培养对个人数据和身体体验的多方面考虑。在研究设备制造商如何利用数字认知固有的模糊性,从而建立一个由柔性而非原子化的实体和数据概念塑造的数字经济时,本文开启了关于数字表示政治的更广泛辩论。
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引用次数: 0
Protestant Textuality and the Tamil Modern: Political Oratory and the Social Imaginary in South Asia by Bernard Bate (review) 新教文本性与现代泰米尔:南亚的政治演讲与社会想象伯纳德·贝特(书评)
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-22 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2021.0035
Sharika Thiranagama
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引用次数: 0
Infected Kin: Orphan Care and AIDS in Lesotho by Ellen Block and Will McGrath (review) Ellen Block和Will McGrath的《受感染的亲属:莱索托的孤儿护理和艾滋病》(综述)
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-22 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2021.0041
H. Macdonald
A anxiety of anthropologists of southern Africa has long been how to give voice to those who have been rendered voiceless; in this case, Lesotho’s long history of structural violence shaped by South Africa’s historical exploitation of this small landlocked country. Infected Kin: Orphan Care and AIDS in Lesotho by anthropologist Ellen Block and her husband, literary nonfiction writer Will McGrath, is a recent addition to the Medical Anthropology: Health, Inequality, and Social Justice series edited by Lenore Manderson. Infected Kin is a book about exercising agency in the face of adversity in Lesotho, where one-quarter of adults are infected with AIDS and where devastation has swept across communities, felt at every level of kinship. In the context of scholarship on the AIDS pandemic, which is targeted largely at the abstract level of global and public health, or a single disease vertically, Block and McGrath’s Infected Kin is an important book. It is even more so when we consider that COVID-19 has directed health care resources and funding elsewhere. While scholars have largely focused on the ways in which culture and sociality influence HIV/AIDS, their approach has been largely limited to examining its interventions. Block argues:
长期以来,南部非洲人类学家的一个焦虑是如何为那些被剥夺发言权的人发声;在这种情况下,莱索托长期的结构性暴力历史是由南非对这个内陆小国的历史剥削所塑造的。人类学家Ellen Block和她的丈夫、文学非虚构作家Will McGrath的《受感染的亲属:莱索托的孤儿护理和艾滋病》是Lenore Manderson编辑的《医学人类学:健康、不平等和社会正义》系列的最新作品。《受感染的亲属》是一本关于莱索托在逆境中行使代理权的书,莱索托四分之一的成年人感染了艾滋病,灾难席卷了整个社区,在各个层面的亲属关系中都能感受到。在艾滋病大流行的学术背景下,布洛克和麦格拉斯的《受感染的亲属》是一本重要的书,艾滋病大流行主要针对全球和公共卫生的抽象层面,或者纵向针对单一疾病。当我们考虑到新冠肺炎将医疗资源和资金引向其他地方时,情况更是如此。虽然学者们主要关注文化和社会影响艾滋病毒/艾滋病的方式,但他们的方法在很大程度上仅限于研究其干预措施。布洛克认为:
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引用次数: 0
The Cultural Construction of Cybersecurity: Digital Threats and Dangerous Rhetoric 网络安全的文化建构:数字威胁与危险修辞
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-22 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2021.0037
V. Bernal
ABSTRACT:This article explores the contemporary construction of public culture around cybersecurity in the United States, using discourse analysis to critically examine the rise of militaristic rhetoric around digital threats in news reports and public statements by government officials and corporate experts. Cybersecurity has gone from being an obscure focus of tech and security experts to an issue of public concern. My approach advances theorizations of digital media and politics by bringing together insights from digital media studies and the anthropology of security to analyze how public culture around "cybersecurity" is being discursively constructed by authorities, and to advance theorizations of digital media and politics. Given the pervasive role of digital media in Americans' lives, I contend that discourses that represent cybersecurity in terms of national security, equating hacking with cyberwar and cyberterrorism, contribute to the militarization of private civil and social life while failing to address wider vulnerabilities and threats to democracy associated with digital media.
摘要:本文探讨了当代美国围绕网络安全的公共文化建设,运用话语分析批判性地审视了新闻报道和政府官员和企业专家公开声明中围绕数字威胁的军国主义言论的兴起。网络安全已经从一个技术和安全专家的模糊焦点变成了一个公众关注的问题。我的方法通过汇集来自数字媒体研究和安全人类学的见解来分析围绕“网络安全”的公共文化如何被当局话语性地构建,并推进数字媒体和政治的理论化,从而推进数字媒体和政治的理论化。鉴于数字媒体在美国人生活中的普遍作用,我认为,从国家安全的角度来代表网络安全的话语,将黑客攻击等同于网络战争和网络恐怖主义,助长了私人公民和社会生活的军事化,同时未能解决与数字媒体相关的更广泛的脆弱性和对民主的威胁。
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引用次数: 3
Forensic Apophenia: Sensing the Bioinformation Archive 法医Apophenia:感知生物信息档案
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2022.0002
EJ Gonzalez-Polledo, Silvia Posocco
ABSTRACT:This article draws on intersecting debates on archives, infrastructures, and knowledge in anthropology to analyze a “bioinformational turn” in forensic science. Focusing on transformations in forensic science provision in England and Wales apparent in the history of a forensic archive, the article frames frictions between ways of making knowledge across scientific cultures, law enforcement, and a legal system that aims to create facts and certainty, against forensic scientists’ concern with process and context across disparate realms of practice. Following scientists’ descriptions of the changing conditions under which forensic science is currently practiced and the erosion of forensic provision as a public service, we argue that forensic practitioners interrogate positivist projections of forensic science by thinking with complexity as they follow evidence through multiple registers, infrastructures, and datasets.
摘要:本文利用人类学中关于档案、基础设施和知识的交叉争论来分析法医学中的“生物信息转向”。这篇文章聚焦于法医档案历史上英格兰和威尔士法医学条款的转变,阐述了跨科学文化、执法和旨在创造事实和确定性的法律体系的知识获取方式之间的摩擦,以及法医科学家对不同实践领域的过程和背景的关注。根据科学家对当前法医学实践条件的变化以及法医学作为一项公共服务的侵蚀的描述,我们认为,法医从业者在通过多个登记册、基础设施和数据集追踪证据时,通过复杂的思维来审问法医学的实证主义预测。
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引用次数: 1
Love in the Drug War: Selling Sex and Finding Jesus on the Mexico–US Border by Sarah Luna (review) 《毒品战争中的爱:在墨西哥和美国边境贩卖性和寻找耶稣》,Sarah Luna著(评论)
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2022.0008
Denise Brennan
B sex workers and missionaries have long struggled to have their labor recognized as such. Sarah Luna’s terrifically engaging and accessibly written ethnography Love in The Drug War: Selling Sex and Finding Jesus on the Mexico–US Border makes clear just how much labor—emotional and physical—goes into both forms of work. At first glance, readers might assume that both sets of workers are at odds with one another, since missionaries so often strive to end sex workers’ labor. But what sets this monograph apart from books that explore efforts to “rescue” or “save” sex workers is Luna’s persuasive portrait of the mutual respect, obligation, and friendship between the women missionaries and sex workers. Their respective labor and their relationships unfold against the backdrop of a “narcoeconomy” in Reynosa. Both groups of workers navigate this environment of ever-increasing violence while pursuing their “intimate, economic and moral projects” (3). The book draws on a year of field and archival research in Reynosa with sex workers and missionaries who had migrated there. To round out her archival research, Luna interviewed men between the ages of 65 and 90 who were members of the “Historical Society of Reynosa” and the “Veteran’s Club of Reynosa.” She also makes good use of handwritten memoirs by two sex workers, as well as blogs maintained by missionaries. The book opens with two excerpts that lay out why these women came to la zona, a prostitution zone composed of several city blocks and enclosed by cement walls in Reynosa, part of the state of Tamaulipas. Lucía, a former sex worker, “came to earn more money,” while Stacy, an American missionary, “never felt so invited into a genuine relationship with Jesus as
长期以来,性工作者和传教士一直在努力使自己的劳动得到承认。莎拉·卢娜的《毒品战争中的爱情:在美墨边境贩卖性和寻找耶稣》写得非常引人入胜,通俗易懂,它清楚地表明,这两种工作形式都需要付出多少劳动——情感上的和身体上的。乍一看,读者可能会认为这两组工作者彼此不一致,因为传教士经常努力结束性工作者的劳动。但是,这本专著与探索“拯救”或“拯救”性工作者的努力的书籍不同的是,卢娜对女传教士和性工作者之间相互尊重、义务和友谊的有说服力的描述。他们各自的劳动和他们的关系在雷诺萨的“毒品经济”的背景下展开。这两组工作者都在这个暴力不断增加的环境中穿行,同时追求他们“亲密的、经济的和道德的项目”(3)。这本书借鉴了在雷诺萨对移民到那里的性工作者和传教士进行了一年的实地和档案研究。为了完成她的档案研究,卢娜采访了年龄在65岁到90岁之间的男性,他们是“雷诺萨历史学会”和“雷诺萨退伍军人俱乐部”的成员。她还很好地利用了两位性工作者的手写回忆录,以及传教士维护的博客。这本书以两段摘录开篇,阐述了这些女性为何来到拉佐纳。拉佐纳是塔毛利帕斯州雷诺萨的一个卖淫区,由几个街区组成,周围有水泥墙。曾是性工作者的Lucía“来这里是为了赚更多的钱”,而史黛西,一位美国传教士,“从未像现在这样被邀请与耶稣建立真正的关系”
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引用次数: 0
Subversive Archaism: Troubling Traditionalists and the Politics of National Heritage by Michael Herzfeld (review) 颠覆性的古代主义:纠缠的传统主义者与国家遗产政治
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2022.0006
Antonio Sorge
S Archaism interrogates the assumptions that underpin modernist models of social order presided over by technocratic elites. Its protagonists are marginalized people who refuse to grant primacy to the modern state’s vision of national heritage, which leave little space to alternative forms of community. However, against difficult odds they persist, and mobilize their own definitions of tradition to carve out a niche within the formal polity that encapsulates them. In a nutshell, this is an account of the apparent triumph of the nation-state form and of the varieties of social aggregation that cannot be permitted to exist within it. Herzfeld’s “subversive archaists” are recalcitrant traditionalists, often radically conservative. Theirs is not a revolutionary impulse as much as it is a reformist one. However, while they do react to the strictures imposed by modern forms of sociopolitical organization, their subversivism is not a form of “primitive rebellion” (Hobsbawm 1959) as much as it is a desire for recognition of unsanctioned models of tradition that are fully loyal to the nations of which they are part. Despite this, they are targets of state suspicion and bourgeois disdain because they do not fit within the master plan of the sanitized order that projects onto the global plane an image of the nation-state as sober, serious, and respectable, and, importantly, Western-inflected. They are the lower classes who eagerly play the game of national heritage, but not according to the rules devised by technocratic elites at the helm of the national bureaucracy. As conceptual holdouts against a modernizing order that seeks to displace their folk model of the society, they provoke within the nation-state bureaucracy an “anxiety of
古语质疑那些支撑现代主义社会秩序模式的假设,这些模式是由技术官僚精英主导的。它的主角是被边缘化的人,他们拒绝把现代国家对民族遗产的看法放在首位,这给其他形式的社区留下了很少的空间。然而,尽管困难重重,他们坚持了下来,并动员他们自己对传统的定义,在封装他们的正式政体中开辟了一个利基。简而言之,这是对民族国家形式的明显胜利,以及不允许存在于其中的各种社会聚合的解释。赫茨菲尔德的“颠覆性古物学家”是顽固的传统主义者,通常是激进的保守主义者。与其说他们是一种革命的冲动,不如说是一种改良主义的冲动。然而,尽管他们确实对现代形式的社会政治组织所施加的限制做出了反应,但他们的颠覆主义并不是一种“原始叛乱”(Hobsbawm 1959),而是一种渴望承认未经批准的传统模式,这些模式完全忠于他们所属的国家。尽管如此,它们仍然是国家怀疑和资产阶级蔑视的目标,因为它们不符合在全球范围内投射出一个清醒、严肃、受人尊敬的民族国家形象的净化秩序的总体规划,而且重要的是,受西方影响。他们是渴望玩国家遗产游戏的下层阶级,但却不按照掌握国家官僚机构的技术官僚精英制定的规则行事。作为对试图取代其民间社会模式的现代化秩序的概念上的坚持,他们在民族国家官僚机构内部引发了一种“焦虑”
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引用次数: 1
Light in Dark Times: The Human Search for Meaning by Alisse Waterston and Charlotte Corden (review) 黑暗时代的光明:人类对意义的追寻艾丽丝·沃特斯顿和夏洛特·科登著(书评)
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2022.0010
Lochlann Jain
I their beautifully illustrated manifesto, Light in Dark Times: The Human Search for Meaning, Alisse Waterston and Charlotte Corden seek to “lift the cotton wool and peek at some real things” (4). Following Virginia Woolf’s idea that “moments of being are experiences on a purely sensual level,” the authors provoke the reader to think deeply about how to dispense with the veils of ideology that shutter dark times and to collaborate in imagining better futures. The book offers something completely new and wonderful: an object worthy of an afternoon engaged in careful reading and looking, followed by rethinking and relooking. The images are stunning. Small, nearly miniature figures fly, swim, float, and wander across a spectacular and entertaining array of page layouts. While a few pages rely on standard graphic novel paneling, most offer fresh imagery and design elements. The most notable aspect is the largess that illustrator Corden creates through vast swaths of color, flying books used as surfboards, spiraling libraries, and the like, all creating the feeling that gravity (in both senses of the term) could be played with, harnessed, and reformatted. Many swatches of color might have been sky, water, or something else—who knows? who cares? They work as a sort of in-between suggestion of space that enable the reader to soar alongside the authors. The sumptuous color palette presses stunning, bright lights and dark darks into constant tension. Illumination is a central theme that cuts across the text and illustrations. Illumination, the book claims, is a key goal of anthropology; and the thick, golden, glowing thread that leads the main characters—Waterston and
在他们插图精美的宣言《黑暗时代的光明:人类对意义的探索》中,艾丽丝·沃特斯顿和夏洛特·科登试图“揭开棉絮,窥视一些真实的事物”(4)。遵循弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的观点,“存在的时刻是纯粹感官层面的体验”,作者激发读者深入思考如何摆脱阻挡黑暗时代的意识形态面纱,共同想象更美好的未来。这本书提供了一些全新而奇妙的东西:它值得你花一个下午的时间仔细阅读和浏览,然后再思考和再浏览。这些图像令人惊叹。小的,几乎微型的人物飞行,游泳,漂浮,并漫步在壮观和有趣的页面布局阵列。虽然有一些页面依赖于标准的图形小说镶板,但大多数页面都提供了新鲜的图像和设计元素。最引人注目的方面是插画家柯登通过大量的色彩、用作冲浪板的飞行书籍、螺旋形图书馆等创造了大量的东西,所有这些都创造了一种感觉,即重力(在这两个术语的意义上)可以被玩弄、利用和重新格式化。许多色块的颜色可能是天空、水或其他东西——谁知道呢?谁在乎呢?它们是一种介于两者之间的空间暗示,使读者能够与作者一起翱翔。华丽的调色板将令人惊叹的明亮灯光和暗色调压成恒定的张力。照明是贯穿文本和插图的中心主题。这本书声称,启迪是人类学的一个关键目标;还有一条粗大的、金色的、发光的线,它引导着主角们——沃特斯顿和
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引用次数: 0
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Anthropological Quarterly
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