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The Future of Fallout, and Other Episodes in Radioactive World-Making by Joseph Masco (review) 《放射性尘埃的未来和放射性世界的其他事件》作者:约瑟夫·马斯科(书评)
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2022.0026
M. Polleri
of Fallout, and Other Episodes in Radioactive World-Making on to further stress the links between the nuclear state, national affects, on how to and a of sustainable Masco explores a of violence operating different and temporalities. He high-lights how such is in constant need of affective and militarized in order to revamp throughout history.
《放射性世界的其他情节》进一步强调了核国家、国家影响之间的联系,以及如何实现可持续发展,Masco探索了一种不同的、暂时的暴力。他强调,为了在整个历史中进行改造,这种情况是如何不断需要情感和军事化的。
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引用次数: 1
Mekong Dreaming: Life and Death Along a Changing River by Andrew Alan Johnson (review) 《湄公河之梦:变化的河流上的生与死》安德鲁·艾伦·约翰逊著(书评)
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2022.0028
Judith M. Bovensiepen
T Mekong River, which divides Thailand and Laos, runs through six countries. Life along the river has changed drastically in recent years due to—among other factors—the construction of a dam in China that has led to fluctuations in water levels. Mekong Dreaming explores the conflicts and contradictions of living along a changing river, paying special attention to both the generative power of non-humans and the ways those living along the river confront the uncertainties that recent changes have generated. Drawing on fieldwork in the town of Ban Beuk (a pseudonym), Andrew Alan Johnson provides an insightful examination not just of how marginalized communities respond to the uncertainties of environmental change but also how the unknown can itself generate new possibilities. Located in Isan (the north-eastern, Lao-speaking part of Thailand), Ban Beuk is a fishing, border, and migrant town. Since the construction of the dam, the river has started to act “against nature” (1), as one of Johnson’s friends describes it. The future is uncertain as the changing river embodies two very different potentialities in people’s imagination: utopian and apocalyptic. For those living along its banks, the river has the potential to usher in prosperity as much as it is associated with the potential for environmental, economic, and political catastrophe. Johnson explores how human, nonhuman, and inhuman relations are affected by the infrastructural changes that have taken place in recent years—the inhuman here referring to “those beings whose subject position is uninhabitable or unlocatable” (7). In doing so, the author shows how humans and non-humans are entangled as well as how infrastructure itself can appear as an unknown, occult force. “From the vantage point of Ban Beuk, dams and spirits are
湄公河将泰国和老挝分隔开来,流经六个国家。近年来,由于中国修建大坝导致水位波动等因素,沿河生活发生了巨大变化。湄公河梦想探索了生活在不断变化的河流中的冲突和矛盾,特别关注非人类的生成力,以及生活在河流中的人如何应对最近的变化所产生的不确定性。安德鲁·艾伦·约翰逊(Andrew Alan Johnson,化名)利用班贝克镇的实地调查,深入研究了边缘化社区如何应对环境变化的不确定性,以及未知事物本身如何产生新的可能性。Ban Beuk位于Isan(泰国东北部讲老挝语的地区),是一个渔业、边境和移民小镇。正如约翰逊的一位朋友所描述的那样,自从大坝建成以来,这条河就开始“违背自然”。未来是不确定的,因为不断变化的河流在人们的想象中体现了两种截然不同的潜力:乌托邦和启示录。对于那些生活在河岸边的人来说,这条河既有可能带来繁荣,也有可能引发环境、经济和政治灾难。约翰逊探讨了近年来发生的基础设施变化如何影响人类、非人类和非人道的关系——这里的非人道指的是“那些主体地位不适合居住或不可分解的人”(7)。在这样做的过程中,作者展示了人类和非人类是如何纠缠在一起的,以及基础设施本身是如何表现为一种未知的、神秘的力量的。“从Ban Beuk的角度来看,水坝和精灵
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引用次数: 0
I Feel Brandenburg: Temporality, Vacancy, and Migration in Germany's Model Socialist City 我感觉勃兰登堡:德国社会主义模范城市的临时性、空置性和移民
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2022.0022
S. Fox
ABSTRACT:This paper examines the shifting notions of vacancy deployed in Eisenhüttenstadt, Germany from its founding in 1950 as Stalinstadt, an East German socialist utopia, through to the 2015 European Migrant Crisis, when Eisenhüttenstadt found itself with over 1,000 uninhabited apartments and thousands of asylum seekers living in tents, shipping containers, and a high school gym. Eisenhüttenstadt is a steel manufacturing city on the German-Polish border, and its population has declined precipitously in recent decades. As a result, 6,200 apartments were demolished between 2002 and 2015, with more demolitions planned through 2030. But the European Migrant Crisis, which surged in 2015, upended the expectation that spatial and population shrinkage would inevitably come to define Eisenhüttenstadt's future. In this context, I examine the relationship between vacancy and futurity, noting how vacancy serves as the designation of a spatial locus through which urban futures are imagined and evaluated. I call attention to how vacancy is problematized in moments of crisis, when expected futures are upended, as well as how the legibility of vacancy changes with sociopolitical circumstances. I show how the presentism brought on by the Migrant Crisis stirred up older anxieties about the emptying out of the German countryside that followed the collapse of the East German state.
摘要:本文考察了德国艾森滕施塔特从1950年作为东德社会主义乌托邦斯塔林施塔特成立到2015年欧洲移民危机期间,空置概念的转变,当时艾森滕施塔特有1000多套无人居住的公寓,数千名寻求庇护者住在帐篷、集装箱和高中体育馆里。艾森滕施塔特是德波边境的一座钢铁制造城市,近几十年来人口急剧下降。因此,2002年至2015年间,6200套公寓被拆除,计划在2030年前拆除更多公寓。但2015年激增的欧洲移民危机颠覆了人们的预期,即空间和人口的萎缩将不可避免地决定艾森滕施塔特的未来。在这种背景下,我研究了空置率和未来性之间的关系,注意到空置率如何作为一个空间轨迹的指定,通过这个空间轨迹来想象和评估城市未来。我提请大家注意,在危机时刻,当预期的未来被颠覆时,空缺是如何出现问题的,以及空缺的易读性如何随着社会政治环境的变化而变化。我展示了移民危机带来的现实主义是如何激起人们对东德国家崩溃后德国农村人口外流的旧焦虑的。
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引用次数: 0
Scammer's Yard: The Crime of Black Repair in Jamaica by Jovan Scott Lewis (review) 《骗子的院子:牙买加黑人修理工之罪》,作者:约万·斯科特·刘易斯
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2022.0029
Kimberley McKinson
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引用次数: 0
Postindustrial Futures and the Edge of the Frontier 后工业时代的未来与前沿
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2022.0016
C. Ahmann
ABSTRACT:Port Covington is a 260-acre development underway in South Baltimore City, featuring a multibillion-dollar campus for the popular sportswear brand Under Armour. It promises to transform a "vacant" and degraded former railyard into a "city within a city" and to catalyze Baltimore's comeback. It also promises to cost a lot. In 2016, after tense public debate, developers secured a $660 million tax increment financing (TIF) deal to begin work, committing taxpayers to decades of debt on the company's behalf. Eligibility for that deal hinged on making the site's industrial history visible as an obstacle to profit. The dominant spatial tropes that scholars use to understand dispossession make it hard to appreciate this instrumentalization of the past, as well as developers' savvy appeals to industrial nostalgia. In this article, I pay particular attention to the blind spots of the frontier concept. Arguments that foreground frontier motifs emphasize erasure as a primary technique of dispossession: by covering up past and present lifeways, "urban pioneers" legitimate land seizure as benign discovery. But in Port Covington's case, developers dramatized a history of municipal neglect. Far from concealed, this history became a key ingredient in developers' claims to the land and a mechanism structuring their access to financial options. In the process of exploring these dynamics, I query whether frontier concepts may reach the limits of their usefulness in the postindustrial city. Here, land's not-so-distant past provides both the template for development dreams and the justification for dispossession by private actors who (the story goes) are best equipped to manage reconstruction. Besides TIF, the range of development incentives available for improving "blighted" spaces—and activists' studied responses to those incentives—suggest that postindustrial futures are rarely conceived on a blank slate. Instead, historicity drives debates about who the city is for and what it can become.
摘要:科温顿港(Port Covington)是位于巴尔的摩市南部的一个占地260英亩的开发项目,拥有价值数十亿美元的运动服装品牌Under Armour园区。它承诺将一个“空置”和退化的前铁路调车场改造成“城中城”,并促进巴尔的摩的复兴。它还承诺要花很多钱。2016年,在紧张的公开辩论之后,开发商获得了6.6亿美元的增税融资(TIF)协议,开始工作,让纳税人代表公司承担了数十年的债务。这笔交易的资格取决于能否将该网站的工业历史视为利润的障碍。学者们用来理解剥夺的主要空间比喻使人们很难理解这种对过去的工具化,以及开发商对工业怀旧的精明吸引力。在这篇文章中,我特别关注前沿概念的盲点。有观点认为,前景前沿主题强调擦除是剥夺土地的主要技术:通过掩盖过去和现在的生活方式,“城市先驱”将合法的土地征用视为良性发现。但在科温顿港的案例中,开发商将市政忽视的历史戏剧化了。这段历史非但没有被掩盖,反而成为开发商对土地所有权的关键因素,成为他们获得金融选择的机制。在探索这些动态的过程中,我质疑前沿概念在后工业化城市中是否达到了其有用性的极限。在这里,土地不那么遥远的过去为发展梦想提供了模板,也为私人行为者剥夺土地提供了理由,而私人行为者(据说)最有能力管理重建。除了TIF之外,可用于改善“破败”空间的一系列发展激励措施——以及活动家们对这些激励措施的研究反应——表明后工业时代的未来很少是在一张白纸上设想的。相反,历史性推动了关于这座城市是为谁服务以及它能成为什么样的城市的辩论。
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引用次数: 0
Cultivating a Politics of Sight for Vacant Land Use in Cities 培养城市空地利用的视野政治
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2022.0020
Alison Kenner, E. Nobles, Sarah Stalcup
ABSTRACT:Perceptions of vacant urban land and resulting policies are based in nature/culture dualisms that condemn abandoned properties as wasteful at best and at worst outright dangerous for communities. Decades of research on urban vacancy reinforce these perceptions, with findings showing higher crime rates, lower property values, and poorer mental health in communities with high rates of vacancy. These established paradigms for thinking about vacant land obscure any benefits that such spaces have while also justifying gentrification. In this essay, we suggest there is more than meets the eye in common assessments of vacant lots. Biodiversity, ecosystem services, and informal community land use are all routinely overlooked in municipal decision-making processes. Using photographs from a pilot field study on ecological health in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, we advance a politics of sight that reframes overlooked features of abandoned properties. Rather than approaching urban vacancy as a problem to be addressed through development, we argue that vacant land is a problem-space with potential for transformation already contained within it.
摘要:人们对空置城市土地的看法和由此产生的政策是基于自然/文化双重性的,这种双重性谴责废弃房产往好里说是浪费,往坏里说是对社区的彻底危险。几十年来对城市空置率的研究强化了这些看法,研究结果显示,在空置率高的社区,犯罪率更高,财产价值更低,心理健康状况较差。这些关于空地的既定思维模式掩盖了这些空间所带来的任何好处,同时也证明了绅士化的合理性。在这篇文章中,我们建议对空置地块进行常见的评估。生物多样性、生态系统服务和非正规社区土地利用在市政决策过程中都经常被忽视。利用宾夕法尼亚州费城一项生态健康试点实地研究的照片,我们提出了一种视觉政治,重新定义了被忽视的废弃房产的特征。我们认为,空置土地是一个问题空间,其中已经包含了转型潜力,而不是将城市空置视为一个需要通过开发来解决的问题。
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引用次数: 1
Carceral Structures: Financialized Displacement and Captivity in Detroit 城市结构:底特律金融化的流离失所和囚禁
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2022.0018
Nicholas L. Caverly
ABSTRACT:This article develops an analytic of carceral structures that bridge processes of racist inclusion and exclusion. It does so by examining the relocation of a county jail from Detroit's central business district into a hazardous waste corridor. In recent years, county administrators have funded jail expansions using revenues from tax foreclosure surpluses produced by evicting majority-Black Detroit residents. Buildings that disappear Black people within the strictures of mass incarceration are financed by the mass displacement of Black people from their homes. Jails have been central features of Detroit's downtown neighborhood since the 19th century. Surrounding property owners celebrated their late 20th century expansions as a means of supporting districts experiencing the economic fallout of racist population loss. However, when county administrators ran out of funds to complete a jail expansion, developers successfully lobbied to transform the jail site into a campus of a majority-white university. Their plan included rehousing incarcerated people in new jails constructed on the site of unused warehouses adjacent to an incinerator. By attending to Black Detroiters as they navigate dislocations that make incarceration financially possible, this article argues that uneven development is funded by the articulation of racist displacement with racist captivity. In so doing, it offers a model for identifying the expansive structures of carceral institutions as they organize the production of space in the context of racial capitalism.
摘要:本文分析了种族包容和种族排斥过程的中心结构。它通过研究将一个县监狱从底特律的中央商务区搬迁到一个危险废物走廊来做到这一点。近年来,该县的管理人员利用驱逐黑人为主的底特律居民所产生的止赎税收盈余,为监狱扩建提供资金。在大规模监禁的限制下,黑人消失的建筑是由大规模的黑人流离失所所提供的资金。自19世纪以来,监狱一直是底特律市中心的核心特征。周围的业主庆祝他们在20世纪后期的扩张,作为支持遭受种族主义人口流失的经济后果的地区的一种手段。然而,当县管理人员没有资金来完成监狱扩建时,开发商成功地游说将监狱场地改造成一所白人占多数的大学校园。他们的计划包括将被监禁的人安置在新的监狱里,这些监狱建在焚化炉旁边的闲置仓库上。这篇文章通过关注黑人底特律人,看他们如何在经济上可以被监禁的混乱中挣扎,认为不平衡的发展是由种族主义流离失所与种族主义囚禁的结合提供的。在这样做的过程中,它提供了一个模型,用于识别在种族资本主义背景下组织空间生产的种族机构的扩张结构。
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引用次数: 1
Rethinking Vacancy, or Thinking with the Going Home 重新思考空缺,还是回家思考
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2022.0021
Catherine Fennell
ABSTRACT:Based on ongoing research in Chicago, this commentary focuses on a ubiquitous figure in mainstream imaginaries of late industrial life in the urban American Midwest—the vacant home and the vacant residential lot it becomes when brought down by wrecking, weather, debts, and deferred maintenance. "Vacancy" is the commonplace term most of my interlocutors will reach for to describe such places. More often than not, this description opens onto expectations of imminent refilling. This commentary considers such prevalent descriptions and related expectations alongside other language for these places. I argue that attending to such language complicates these expectations of imminent refilling. What's more, it challenges urban anthropologists to reconsider how our own expectations of expansive urban growth color and constrain our understandings of late industrial urban futures.
摘要:基于芝加哥正在进行的研究,这篇评论聚焦于美国中西部城市后期工业生活主流想象中一个无处不在的人物——空置的房子和因破坏、天气、债务和延期维修而倒塌的空置住宅。“空缺”是我的大多数对话者用来描述这些地方的常用词。通常情况下,这种描述开启了即将重新填充的预期。本评论将这种普遍的描述和相关期望与这些地方的其他语言一起考虑。我认为,关注这样的语言会使这些即将重新填充的期望变得复杂。此外,它还向城市人类学家提出了挑战,要求他们重新考虑我们自己对广阔城市增长的预期是如何影响和限制我们对后工业城市未来的理解的。
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引用次数: 1
Hostility as Technique: Making White Space in a Black City (Observing a City Over Time through Collective Filmmaking and Collaborative Research) 敌意作为技术:在黑色城市中创造白色空间(通过集体拍摄和合作研究观察一个城市的时间)
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2022.0019
Damani Partridge
ABSTRACT:This commentary examines how White space gets produced in a Black city, highlighting the affective dimensions of this production. In addition to showing how hostility works to produce White space, it establishes a link between this contemporary production and the repetition of the original colonizing project. Finally, this commentary thinks through the ways in which collective filmmaking by long-term residents of the city—in this case, Detroit—offers important alternative affective ways for thinking about and valuing the present and future of the city. In this way, the Black city emerges as a site of possibility, countering persistent images of abandonment and dereliction.
摘要:这篇评论探讨了白人空间是如何在黑人城市中产生的,强调了这种产生的情感层面。除了展示敌意是如何产生白色空间的,它还在这一当代作品与最初殖民项目的重复之间建立了联系。最后,这篇评论思考了这座城市的长期居民——在本例中是底特律——的集体电影制作为思考和评估这座城市现在和未来提供了重要的替代情感方式。通过这种方式,黑人城市成为了一个有可能的地方,对抗了被遗弃和渎职的持续形象。
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引用次数: 0
Infinite Parking Lots 无限停车场
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2022.0023
Kathryn Dudley
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引用次数: 0
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Anthropological Quarterly
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