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Latent Cosmologies, Latent Media: The Material Temporality of Twelver Shi'i Media Practices in Mumbai 潜在的宇宙,潜在的媒介:孟买什叶派媒体实践的物质暂时性
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2023.a900186
P. Eisenlohr
ABSTRACT:In this essay, I argue that the temporal figure of latency is central for an understanding of the material temporalities of media. Latency as a temporal figure is built into the material functioning of sound reproduction and audiovisual media. The discussion shows how latency underpins technical processes of storing and reproducing sounds and moving images in a broad sense, while analyzing mediatic latency in Twelver Shi'i media practices in Mumbai. The focus on latency as a key temporality of media is also useful for thinking about Twelver Shi'i ritual life and media practices because the temporal figure of latency features very prominently in Shi'i eschatology and ritual life. Mediatic latency and the latency built into Shi'i ritual life and cosmology interact in highly significant and productive ways, reinforcing a complex of piety and ritual commemoration that nowadays is thoroughly integrated with audiovisual media practices. The media practices studied mobilize different affordances of contemporary media, such as creating contemporaneity with the non-contemporaneous and the invocation of linear progress for different religious ends.
摘要:在这篇文章中,我认为潜伏期的时间图形是理解媒体物质时间性的核心。作为一个时间图形的潜伏性被构建在声音再现和视听媒体的材料功能中。讨论展示了延迟如何在广义上支撑存储和再现声音和运动图像的技术过程,同时分析了孟买Twelver什叶派媒体实践中的中介延迟。关注潜伏作为媒介的一个关键时间性也有助于思考二十世纪什叶派的仪式生活和媒介实践,因为潜伏的时间形象在什叶派末世论和仪式生活中非常突出。媒介潜伏与什叶派仪式生活和宇宙观中的潜伏以高度重要和富有成效的方式相互作用,强化了如今与视听媒体实践完全融合的虔诚和仪式纪念的复杂性。所研究的媒体实践调动了当代媒体的不同可供性,例如创造与非同时代的同时代性,以及为不同的宗教目的调用线性进步。
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引用次数: 0
Projecting a Body Politic: Photographs, Time, and Immortality in the Kurdish Movement 投射身体政治:库尔德运动中的照片、时间和不朽
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2023.a900188
Marlene Schäfers
ABSTRACT:Many followers of the socialist Kurdish liberation movement surround themselves with photographs of fallen militants who they respect and celebrate as martyrs. These images hold considerable power: they are able to direct speech, shape bodily comportment, and command the everyday lives of their spectators. This paper asks where this potency stems from and what effects it has. Based on ethnographic fieldwork with Kurdish communities in Turkey and Europe, it argues that displays of martyrs' photographs project a Kurdish body politic in the making, enrolling both those whom they depict and those who handle them into an alternative project of sovereignty that remains under acute assault. Key to this effect is how the photographs make the dead latent in the present. On the one hand, this makes the images immensely powerful media of political mobilization. Embodying the sacrifice of lifetime made by the fallen, the images become powerful vectors for feelings of indebtedness, commitment, and dedication that make distinct demands on the disposable time of those who contemplate them. On the other hand, photography's capacity to make the absent present and thereby upset linear emplotments of time also makes it a potentially unsettling medium. As a result, photographs of martyrs become crucial sites where political belonging and commitment are fashioned, consolidated, and potentially rebelled against.
摘要:许多库尔德社会主义解放运动的追随者将自己包围在倒下的武装分子的照片中,他们将这些武装分子尊为烈士。这些图像具有相当大的力量:它们能够指导言语,塑造身体行为,并指挥观众的日常生活。这篇论文询问了这种效力的来源及其影响。基于对土耳其和欧洲库尔德社区的民族志实地调查,它认为,烈士照片的展示展示了一个正在形成的库尔德政治体,将他们所描绘的人和处理他们的人都纳入了一个仍然受到严重攻击的替代主权项目中。这种效果的关键是照片如何使死者潜伏在当下。一方面,这使图像成为政治动员的强大媒介。这些图像体现了逝者对生命的牺牲,成为负债、承诺和奉献感的有力载体,对那些思考这些图像的人的可支配时间提出了不同的要求。另一方面,摄影将缺席的事物呈现出来,从而打乱时间的线性消耗,这也使它成为一种潜在的令人不安的媒介。因此,烈士的照片成为塑造、巩固政治归属感和承诺的重要场所,并可能遭到反抗。
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引用次数: 0
Historical Alchemy: Buried Gold, Buried Pasts 历史炼金术:埋藏的黄金,埋藏的过去
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2023.a900189
Anoush Tamar Suni
ABSTRACT:This article attends to the material legacies of past violence through a focus on the contemporary search for buried gold in the Kurdish-majority region of Van in southeastern Turkey—gold believed to have been left behind by Armenians fleeing the 1915 Genocide. Grounded in an exploration of local narratives and practices of treasure hunting, it demonstrates how the search for buried gold illuminates the multiple, contradictory, and ambiguous ways that the violent history of the Genocide continues to animate and enchant everyday life in the region. Through a focus on the semi-illicit digging for buried gold in a post-genocide geography, this article highlights how past and present cycles of violence are sedimented into the material landscape and how memory, temporality, and the reverberations of historic crimes coalesce in the enchanted objects hidden beneath its surface. By approaching treasure hunting as an embodied interaction with the past, it argues that the search and digging for mythical buried gold is a material recognition and unearthing of the taboo and officially denied history of the destruction of the Armenian community. Furthermore, it argues that treasure hunters translate an understanding of the violent past of the Genocide into buried gold in the present—what I term "historical alchemy." The process of historical alchemy, which involves the transformation of a history of genocide into gold, demonstrates the fundamentally material quality of how the past is imbricated in the present and sedimented in the landscape. It is this material temporality—echoes of past genocide emerging from the earth as buried objects and remnants of a silenced history made physical in the present—that highlights the intrinsic links between 1915 and 2015, between the Armenian and Kurdish communities, and between ongoing cycles of violence, ruination, and dispossession.
摘要:本文通过对土耳其东南部库尔德人占多数的凡地区埋藏黄金的当代搜寻,关注过去暴力的物质遗产。这些黄金被认为是逃离1915年种族灭绝的亚美尼亚人留下的。它以探索当地的故事和寻宝实践为基础,展示了寻找埋藏黄金的过程如何揭示了种族灭绝的暴力历史如何继续活跃和迷人该地区的日常生活。通过关注种族灭绝后地理中半非法挖掘埋藏的黄金,这篇文章强调了过去和现在的暴力循环是如何沉淀到物质景观中的,以及记忆、时间性和历史罪行的回响是如何在隐藏在其表面下的魔法物中融合在一起的。通过将寻宝视为与过去的具体互动,它认为,寻找和挖掘神话中埋藏的黄金是对禁忌的物质承认和挖掘,也是对亚美尼亚社区被官方否认的毁灭历史的物质承认。此外,它认为寻宝者将对种族灭绝暴力过去的理解转化为现在埋藏的黄金——我称之为“历史炼金术”。历史炼金术的过程,包括将种族灭绝历史转化为黄金,展示了过去如何在现在中叠加并在景观中沉淀的基本物质品质。正是这种物质的暂时性——过去种族灭绝的回声从地球上出现,作为被埋葬的物体和沉默历史的残余,在现在变得有形——凸显了1915年至2015年之间,亚美尼亚和库尔德社区之间,以及持续的暴力、毁灭和剥夺循环之间的内在联系。
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引用次数: 2
The Time of Clutter: Anti-Kairos and Storage Space in North American Domestic Life 杂乱的时代:北美家庭生活中的反凯罗斯和存储空间
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2023.a900185
Sasha Newell
ABSTRACT:Clutter fragments the temporality of the home and storage space offers a technology of containment with which to keep these portals to the past and future open, but not openly visible. Storage space is not a spatial but a temporal solution, secreting objects that do not belong to this time until such time as they might be more appropriate. Possessors of such objects speak of being transported to specific moments of their past, or in Benjaminian fashion, of historical objects that provide a sensorial window into worlds otherwise unlived. Other future-oriented things provide access to dormant or merely imagined selves projected into Borgesian forking futures, alternate paths that owners refuse to relinquish even when their possibility is lost. Clutter, by definition out of place, is thus also extra-temporal, and untold acreage is occupied in wait for a near future when "there will be more time" to sort the debris. Storage, thus, offers a haven for "anti-kairos"—things of an inappropriate time. Indeed, the accumulation of clutter is itself an image of time, a means of understanding Bergson's durée as an unfolding expansion of heterogenous unity that envelops us. Finally, the paper considers the relationship between these spatiotemporal trajectories of objects and the expanded spacetime of households as a kind of social value in itself, but one that must be kept balanced with the more kula-like value of circulation.
摘要:杂乱碎片化了家庭和存储空间的时间性,提供了一种包容技术,使这些通往过去和未来的门户保持开放,但不公开可见。存储空间不是一个空间解决方案,而是一个时间解决方案,它会隐藏不属于这个时间的对象,直到它们可能更合适的时候。拥有这些物品的人说,他们被带到了过去的特定时刻,或者以本雅明式的方式,历史物品为人们提供了一扇进入原本没有生命的世界的感官窗口。其他面向未来的东西提供了进入休眠或仅仅是想象中的自我的途径,这些自我投射到博格人分叉的未来中,即使失去了可能性,所有者也拒绝放弃。因此,根据定义,杂乱也是多余的时间,无数的面积被占用,等待着不久的将来“有更多的时间”对碎片进行分类。因此,存储为“反凯罗斯”提供了一个避风港——这是一个不合适的时代。事实上,杂乱的积累本身就是时间的图像,是一种将Bergson的durée理解为包围我们的异质统一的展开扩展的手段。最后,本文认为物体的这些时空轨迹和家庭的扩展时空之间的关系本身就是一种社会价值,但必须与更像库拉的流通价值保持平衡。
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引用次数: 0
Manufacturing Celebrity: Latino Paparazzi and Women Reporters in Hollywood by Vanessa Díaz (review) 制造业名人:好莱坞的拉丁裔狗仔队和女记者作者:Vanessa Díaz(评论)
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2023.0006
Chihab El Khachab
M Celebrity is an ethnography of the celebrity media industry based in Los Angeles, with an emphasis on the precarious work of paparazzi and celebrity reporters working with magazines such as People and Us weekly. The book contributes to the existing literature on precarious labour in the American media industries as well as the broader field of media anthropology. It is divided into three main parts covering the labour of Latino paparazzi, the labour of white female celebrity reporters, and the content of celebrity magazines. Chapter 1 is an engaging ethnography of the everyday work of Latino paparazzi in Los Angeles, while Chapter 2 delves into the overall political economy of paparazzi images. With a focus on the death of Chris Guerra, a Latino paparazzo, after a police altercation on the job, Chapter 3 reflects on the disposability of racialized bodies in contemporary America. Chapters 4 and 5 provide, respectively, an ethnographic study of red-carpet routines and a strong analysis of the precarity of white celebrity reporters. Finally, Chapter 6 delves into the work of “body teams” in celebrity magazines, which are tasked with covering and manufacturing celebrity bodies on a daily basis, while Chapter 7 explores the power of blended couple names à la “Brangelina.” The book’s core strength lies in its detailed ethnographic attention to the racialized and gendered work of the celebrity media industry, a wellestablished theme in existing scholarship on American film and television production more broadly. Chapter 1, for instance, details how paparazzi
《M名人》是一本关于洛杉矶名人媒体行业的民族志,重点关注狗仔队和与《人物》和《我们》周刊等杂志合作的名人记者的不稳定工作。这本书为现有关于美国媒体行业不稳定劳动力的文献以及更广泛的媒体人类学领域做出了贡献。它分为三个主要部分,涵盖拉丁裔狗仔队的劳动、白人女名人记者的劳动和名人杂志的内容。第一章是洛杉矶拉丁裔狗仔队日常工作的引人入胜的民族志,而第二章则深入研究了狗仔队形象的整体政治经济。第三章聚焦于拉丁裔狗仔队队员克里斯·格拉在工作中与警察发生口角后的死亡,反思了当代美国种族化尸体的可处置性。第4章和第5章分别对红地毯上的日常活动进行了民族志研究,并对白人名人记者的不稳定性进行了有力分析。最后,第6章深入探讨了名人杂志中的“身体团队”的工作,他们的任务是每天报道和制造名人的身体,而第7章则探讨了“Brangelina”混合夫妇名字的力量。这本书的核心优势在于它对名人媒体行业种族化和性别化工作的详细民族志关注,这是现有的关于美国电影和电视制作的学术研究中一个公认的主题。例如,第一章详细介绍了狗仔队是如何
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引用次数: 0
Tupaia’s Endeavour by Lala Rolls (review) 图帕亚的奋进号,拉拉·罗尔斯(评论)
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2023.0007
D. Lipset
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引用次数: 0
“Making the wound bleed”: Nostalgia, Mourning, and Morality among Turkish Revolutionaries in Istanbul “伤口流血”:伊斯坦布尔土耳其革命者的怀旧、哀悼和道德
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2023.0009
Lorenzo d’Orsi
ABSTRACT:This article investigates nostalgia and mourning among former Turkish revolutionary militants, the main victims of state violence in the wake of the Turkish 1980 military coup. It understands these emotions as ethically imbued moods that are both conscious and unconscious and permeate both public discourses and the innermost spheres of former fighters. These moods pervade the everydayness of former revolutionaries, their discourses on the past and the present as well as ritualized occasions, such as anniversaries, gatherings, and commemorations. Based on fieldwork research conducted in Istanbul, this article conceptualizes these moods as inter-subjective emotional practices with a certain degree of agency that work as political and moral modes of engaging with the world. Although former revolutionaries intend these moods as practices of resistance against the ongoing state repression, this article argues that their active perpetuation does not lie in their political success in the public battle for memory and recognition, but in their ability to shape former militants’ subjectivity, invigorate their generational bond, keep alive the moral economy of revolutionary fighter, and create a community of loss. Likewise, this contribution demonstrates how revolutionary feelings of nostalgia and mourning shape a social poetics that reduces possibilities for acting in new ways on history and contributes to the creation of a community as cohesive as isolated from the rest of society. Notwithstanding the endurance of state oppression over time, this contribution warns against restraining our analysis to an unmasking of asymmetrical violence and unequal power relationships in the public sphere. It instead argues that, even in repressive contexts, it is important to investigate the symbolic codes and the political feelings that shape social actors’ subjectivities, their moral horizon and their possibilities of actions.
摘要:本文调查了1980年土耳其军事政变后国家暴力的主要受害者——前土耳其革命武装分子的怀旧和哀悼。它将这些情绪理解为道德灌输的情绪,这些情绪既有意识又无意识,并渗透到公共话语和前战士的最深处。这些情绪弥漫在前革命者的日常生活中,他们关于过去和现在的话语,以及仪式化的场合,如纪念日、聚会和纪念活动。基于在伊斯坦布尔进行的田野调查研究,本文将这些情绪定义为具有一定程度能动性的主体间情感实践,作为与世界接触的政治和道德模式。尽管前革命者有意将这些情绪作为抵抗持续的国家镇压的实践,但本文认为,这些情绪的积极延续并不在于他们在争取记忆和认可的公共斗争中的政治成功,而是在于他们塑造前激进分子主体性的能力,激发他们的代际纽带,保持革命战士的道德经济活力,并创造一个失去的社区。同样,这篇文章也展示了怀旧和哀悼的革命情感如何塑造了一种社会诗学,这种诗学减少了以新的方式在历史上行动的可能性,并有助于创造一个既团结又与社会其他部分隔离的社区。尽管国家压迫长期存在,但这篇文章警告说,不要将我们的分析局限于揭露公共领域中不对称的暴力和不平等的权力关系。相反,它认为,即使在压抑的背景下,重要的是要调查塑造社会行动者的主体性,他们的道德视界和行动的可能性的符号代码和政治感情。
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引用次数: 0
“Good Sweat, Bad Sweat”: The Affectional Community of Gay Sports Groups in Seoul, South Korea “好汗,坏汗”:韩国首尔同性恋运动团体的情感共同体
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2023.0008
J. Cho
ABSTRACT:Based on ethnographic field research, this article examines the “affectional community” of Internet-based gay sports groups in Seoul, South Korea. Referring to “networks of support that do not depend on the bonds of blood or the license of the state, but that are freely chosen and nurtured” (D’Emilio 1980), such affectional communities have been vital for the emotional survival of non-normative populations such as LGBTQ people. However, with the growing number of single people as part of the process of detraditionalization (Giddens 1992), they have also become important for all individuals living in late-modernity to meet social, emotional, and financial needs that had once been met by the heterosexual family. Still, this paper argues that Korean gay men face particular challenges in creating an affectional community in a country, where they have historically been permitted only sexual (and not social) relations. They must not only overcome a primarily sex- and consumer-oriented gay culture, they must also reject romantic entanglements within the sports groups that threaten the group relationality of an affectional community based on friendship. In examining the affectional community of Koreans sports groups, this article contributes to the ongoing theorization of queer globalization (Cruz-Malave and Manalansan 2002, Povinelli and Chauncey 1999) in the non-liberal and communitarian context of East Asia. It also speaks out against the rigid separation of affect from feeling and emotion, evident in the so-called “affective turn” (Clough and Halley 2007) within the humanities and social sciences, arguing that all are embodied forms of cognition.
摘要:本文以民族志田野调查为基础,考察了韩国首尔以网络为基础的同性恋运动群体的“情感共同体”。提到“不依赖血缘关系或国家许可,而是自由选择和培育的支持网络”(D’Emilio 1980),这种情感社区对LGBTQ等非规范人群的情感生存至关重要。然而,随着越来越多的单身人士成为去极端化过程的一部分(Giddens 1992),他们对生活在现代晚期的所有人来说也变得很重要,以满足异性恋家庭曾经满足的社会、情感和经济需求。尽管如此,这篇论文认为,在一个历史上只允许他们发生性关系(而不是社会关系)的国家,韩国男同性恋在建立情感社区方面面临着特殊的挑战。他们不仅必须克服主要以性和消费者为导向的同性恋文化,还必须拒绝体育团体内部的浪漫纠葛,这些纠葛威胁到基于友谊的情感社区的群体关系。在考察韩国体育团体的情感共同体时,本文有助于在东亚的非自由主义和社群主义背景下对酷儿全球化进行理论化(Cruz-Malave和Manalansan 2002,Povinelli和Chauncey 1999)。它还反对情感与感觉和情绪的严格分离,这在人文科学和社会科学中所谓的“情感转向”(Clough和Halley,2007)中很明显,认为所有这些都是认知的具体形式。
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引用次数: 0
The Traitor at the Court: A Tale of Moral Categories from the House of Kurds 宫廷中的叛徒:库尔德家族的道德范畴故事
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2023.0000
Özgen Korkmaz
ABSTRACT:This paper focuses on a particular moral category, “betrayal,” that has gained significant purchase on Kurdish public culture in Turkey. It examines the ways Kurds reconfigure the relationship between political conditions and personal guilt by using betrayal as an orienting framework expressive of this relationship. In this sense, this paper frames “betrayal” not as a label or an abstract idea, but a register of political engagement that allows Kurds to recognize the conditions as well as the ethics of their shared membership in a public. It argues that examining Kurds’ reflexive interactions about betrayal—how they debate, define, and describe it—reveals a great deal about the formative significance of moral categories to the work of negotiating group-life, a specific kind of intellectual work thus rendered salient. The goal of the paper is to point to some productive directions in the anthropological study of moral categories by foregrounding the co-indexical relations between these categories and the semiotic operations in which they gain public and ethical recognition.
摘要:本文关注的是一个特殊的道德范畴“背叛”,它在土耳其的库尔德公共文化中获得了重要的认同。它考察了库尔德人如何通过使用背叛作为表达这种关系的定向框架来重新配置政治条件和个人内疚之间的关系。从这个意义上说,本文将“背叛”定义为一个标签或抽象的概念,而不是一个政治参与的登记册,它使库尔德人能够认识到他们在公众中共同成员的条件和道德。它认为,研究库尔德人对背叛的反射性互动——他们如何辩论、定义和描述背叛——揭示了道德范畴对集体生活谈判工作的形成意义,这是一种特定的智力工作,因此变得突出。本文的目的是通过突出道德范畴与符号学操作之间的共同指数关系,指出道德范畴人类学研究的一些富有成效的方向,在符号学操作中,道德范畴获得了公众和伦理的认可。
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引用次数: 0
Waste Worlds: Inhabiting Kampala’s Infrastructures of Disposability by Jacob Doherty (review) Jacob Doherty的《废物世界:居住在坎帕拉的可处置基础设施》(综述)
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/anq.2023.0003
G. Akese
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引用次数: 1
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Anthropological Quarterly
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