Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6622213
Noor A. Ajeel Alrikabi, Ban S. Diab
Background: Correct mouth function is one of the functional matrices that contribute to the growth of the maxilla, which is connected to the growth of orbit, and vice versa. Objective: to ascertain how dental malocclusion affects the visual acuity-related salivary transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1). Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on 653 students, 8–10 years of age from elementary schools in the governorate of Al-Diwaniyah during the period from 1st of November 2022 to 30th March 2023. Using the Snellen E chart and Angle's classification to identify malocclusion, they were subjected to visual-capacity testing for refractive disorders. Sub-samples were selected from the normal and visually impaired groups for salivary transforming growth factor beta-1 salivary analysis measurement. Results: Only 70 out of 653 students were found to have reduced visual acuity. When compared to students with normal visual acuity, they had significantly higher levels of salivary transforming growth factor beta-1. Those with reduced visual acuity were found to have a much higher occurrence of dental malocclusion utilizing molar's relation of Angle's categorization. Conclusion: The students with impaired visual acuity were more likely to have dental malocclusions and increased levels of TGF-β1.
{"title":"Dental Occlusion as A Health Risk for Visual Acuity in Relation to Salivary Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 ( TGF-Β1) Among Students Aged 8-10 Years","authors":"Noor A. Ajeel Alrikabi, Ban S. Diab","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6622213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6622213","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Correct mouth function is one of the functional matrices that contribute to the growth of the maxilla, which is connected to the growth of orbit, and vice versa.\u0000Objective: to ascertain how dental malocclusion affects the visual acuity-related salivary transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1).\u0000Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on 653 students, 8–10 years of age from elementary schools in the governorate of Al-Diwaniyah during the period from 1st of November 2022 to 30th March 2023. Using the Snellen E chart and Angle's classification to identify malocclusion, they were subjected to visual-capacity testing for refractive disorders. Sub-samples were selected from the normal and visually impaired groups for salivary transforming growth factor beta-1 salivary analysis measurement.\u0000Results: Only 70 out of 653 students were found to have reduced visual acuity. When compared to students with normal visual acuity, they had significantly higher levels of salivary transforming growth factor beta-1. Those with reduced visual acuity were found to have a much higher occurrence of dental malocclusion utilizing molar's relation of Angle's categorization.\u0000Conclusion: The students with impaired visual acuity were more likely to have dental malocclusions and increased levels of TGF-β1.","PeriodicalId":516152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141710042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6622282
Wed L. Khalil, Huda S. Al-Hayanni
Background: Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is globally acknowledged as a prominent contributor to both hospital-acquired and community infections. Understanding key virulence factors including coagulase production, hemolysis ability and biofilm formation, is crucial. Objective: The study aimed to establish a molecular characterization of mecA gene and virulence factors genes (hla, icaA, and coa) in clinical isolates of MRSA obtained from two hospitals in Baghdad. Materials and Methods: A hundred and five isolates were obtained from clinical sources from November 2022 to March 2023 and their antibiotic sensitivity was assessed using the agar diffusion test against seven different antibiotics (Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Nitrofurantoin, Rifampin, Trimethoprim, Ofloxacin and Oxacillin), through Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction, the presence of virulence factor genes including mecA, hla, icaA, and coa, was determined in MRSA isolates. Results: All MRSA isolates (100%) harbored the mecA, hla, and icaA genes while the coa gene was recognized in 50% of the isolates. Regarding antibiotic susceptibility, all MRSA isolates (100%) demonstrated sensitivity to Nitrofurantoin. Additionally, 96.8% of the isolates were sensitive to Oxacillin. Conclusion: Molecular detection of methicillin resistance genes and virulence genes can be used to diagnose MRSA isolates in hospitals. The presence of these genes may affect their pattern of sensitivity to antibiotics.
{"title":"Molecular Detection of the mecA Gene and Virulence Factor Genes in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolated from Clinical Sources in Selected Baghdad Hospitals, Iraq.","authors":"Wed L. Khalil, Huda S. Al-Hayanni","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6622282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6622282","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is globally acknowledged as a prominent contributor to both hospital-acquired and community infections. Understanding key virulence factors including coagulase production, hemolysis ability and biofilm formation, is crucial.\u0000Objective: The study aimed to establish a molecular characterization of mecA gene and virulence factors genes (hla, icaA, and coa) in clinical isolates of MRSA obtained from two hospitals in Baghdad.\u0000Materials and Methods: A hundred and five isolates were obtained from clinical sources from November 2022 to March 2023 and their antibiotic sensitivity was assessed using the agar diffusion test against seven different antibiotics (Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Nitrofurantoin, Rifampin, Trimethoprim, Ofloxacin and Oxacillin), through Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction, the presence of virulence factor genes including mecA, hla, icaA, and coa, was determined in MRSA isolates.\u0000Results: All MRSA isolates (100%) harbored the mecA, hla, and icaA genes while the coa gene was recognized in 50% of the isolates. Regarding antibiotic susceptibility, all MRSA isolates (100%) demonstrated sensitivity to Nitrofurantoin. Additionally, 96.8% of the isolates were sensitive to Oxacillin.\u0000Conclusion: Molecular detection of methicillin resistance genes and virulence genes can be used to diagnose MRSA isolates in hospitals. The presence of these genes may affect their pattern of sensitivity to antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":516152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141705945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6622187
Mays U. Hashim, Orooba M.S.Ibrahim
خلفية: تزايد استخدام الأدوية العشبية بدلاً من الأدوية التقليدية نتيجة مقاومة المضادات الحيوية ، مما يشكل خطراً على الصحة العامة. الأهداف: دراسة التركيب الكيميائي واخنبارالنشاط المضاد للبكتيريا في المختبر لمستخلص زيت القرنفل ضد جرثومة المكورات العنقودية الذهبية المقاومة للميثيسيلن MRSA)) . الطريقة: تم الحصول على مستخلص زيت القرنفل باستخدام التقطير المائي بواسطة جهاز Clevenger. بعد ذلك ، تم إجراء التحليل الكيميائي النباتي عن طريق التحليل الكروماتوجرافي-مطياف الكتلة. تم إجراء فحص في المختبر لمضادات الميكروبات لزيت القرنفل باستخدام طريقة انتشار القرص المزدوج ، وطريقة التخفيف الدقيق ، وحركة منحنى وقت القتل في المختبر. النتائج: بلغت نسبة استخلاص مستخلص القرنفل 50٪. وقد أظهر التحليل الكيميائي النباتي وجود مكونات مختلفة وبشكل رئيسي هي Caryophyllen و Humulene و Eugenol. حيث تبين ان المكورات العنقودية الذهبية كانت حساسة لمستخلص القرنفل بتركيزات مختلفة علاوة على ذلك ، وجد أن أقل تركيز مثبط (MIC) وأقل تركيز مبيد للجراثيم (MBC) كان 2.5 ميكروغرام / مل ، 5.0 ميكروغرام / مل على التوالي. الاستنتاجات: أظهرت الدراسة الحالية أن مستخلص القرنفل أظهر نشاطًا جيدًا مضادًا للبكتيريا في المختبر
{"title":"استخراج وتحديد المكونات الرئيسية لمستخلص زيت القرنفل (Syzygium Aromaticum L.) ونشاطه المضاد للميكروبات ضد جرثومة المكورات العنقودية الذهبية المقاومة للميثيسيلنMRSA.","authors":"Mays U. Hashim, Orooba M.S.Ibrahim","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6622187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6622187","url":null,"abstract":"خلفية: تزايد استخدام الأدوية العشبية بدلاً من الأدوية التقليدية نتيجة مقاومة المضادات الحيوية ، مما يشكل خطراً على الصحة العامة. \u0000الأهداف: دراسة التركيب الكيميائي واخنبارالنشاط المضاد للبكتيريا في المختبر لمستخلص زيت القرنفل ضد جرثومة المكورات العنقودية الذهبية المقاومة للميثيسيلن MRSA)) . \u0000الطريقة: تم الحصول على مستخلص زيت القرنفل باستخدام التقطير المائي بواسطة جهاز Clevenger. بعد ذلك ، تم إجراء التحليل الكيميائي النباتي عن طريق التحليل الكروماتوجرافي-مطياف الكتلة. تم إجراء فحص في المختبر لمضادات الميكروبات لزيت القرنفل باستخدام طريقة انتشار القرص المزدوج ، وطريقة التخفيف الدقيق ، وحركة منحنى وقت القتل في المختبر. \u0000النتائج: بلغت نسبة استخلاص مستخلص القرنفل 50٪. وقد أظهر التحليل الكيميائي النباتي وجود مكونات مختلفة وبشكل رئيسي هي Caryophyllen و Humulene و Eugenol. حيث تبين ان المكورات العنقودية الذهبية كانت حساسة لمستخلص القرنفل بتركيزات مختلفة علاوة على ذلك ، وجد أن أقل تركيز مثبط (MIC) وأقل تركيز مبيد للجراثيم (MBC) كان 2.5 ميكروغرام / مل ، 5.0 ميكروغرام / مل على التوالي. \u0000الاستنتاجات: أظهرت الدراسة الحالية أن مستخلص القرنفل أظهر نشاطًا جيدًا مضادًا للبكتيريا في المختبر","PeriodicalId":516152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141715293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6622252
Baraa S. Mohammad, Ghada I. Taha
Background: Tooth decay happens when bacteria in the mouth create acid from carbohydrates that can be fermented. Along with factors related to the person (like genetics or oral hygiene habits) and saliva, this process leads to cavities. During Ramadan fasting, when eating habits change, there could be effects on health, particularly on the salivary biomarkers that are important for dental well-being. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to detect the activity and concentrations of salivary levels of secretory immunoglobulin A and Statherin during and after Ramadan fasting and to evaluate the association between these biomarkers with dental caries. Methods: The study comprised 40 individuals, aged 20-25 years, diagnosed with dental caries. Participants were assessed for periodontal parameters using the Plaque Index and the Gingival Index. Saliva samples were collected during the fourth week of Ramadan fasting and two weeks after Ramadan fasting. The concentrations of both secretory IgA and Statherin were measured in salivary samples using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay . Results: A significant decrease in the mean concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A was observed during Ramadan fasting (2.14±0.21 ng/L) compared to post-fasting (3.34±0.35 ng/L) (p=0.001). However, there was a non-significant difference (p=0.05) in statherin levels between the fasting state (2.25±0.18 ng/L) and the post-fasting state (2.85±0.22 ng/L). No statistically significant difference was found concerning both the Plaque Index and the Gingival Index within fasting and post-fasting state. Conclusion: Low concentration of sIgA and Statherin during Ramadan fasting may indicate altered salivary gland activity or systemic response to fasting, potentially affecting oral health.
背景介绍当口腔中的细菌将碳水化合物发酵产酸时，就会发生蛀牙。加上与人有关的因素（如遗传或口腔卫生习惯）和唾液，这一过程就会导致龋齿。在斋月斋戒期间，饮食习惯发生改变，可能会对健康产生影响，特别是对牙齿健康非常重要的唾液生物标志物：这项横断面研究旨在检测斋月禁食期间和禁食后唾液中分泌型免疫球蛋白 A 和 Statherin 的活性和浓度，并评估这些生物标志物与龋齿之间的关联：研究对象包括 40 名被诊断患有龋齿的人，年龄在 20-25 岁之间。使用牙菌斑指数和牙龈指数对参与者的牙周参数进行评估。在斋月禁食的第四周和斋月禁食两周后收集唾液样本。使用酶联免疫吸附测定法测量唾液样本中分泌型 IgA 和 Statherin 的浓度：与禁食后（3.34±0.35 ng/L）相比，斋月禁食期间分泌型免疫球蛋白 A 的平均浓度（2.14±0.21 ng/L）明显下降（p=0.001）。然而，禁食状态（2.25±0.18 纳克/升）与禁食后状态（2.85±0.22 纳克/升）之间的石炭酸水平差异不显著（p=0.05）。空腹和空腹后的牙菌斑指数和牙龈指数在统计学上没有明显差异：结论：斋月禁食期间 sIgA 和 Statherin 的低浓度可能表明唾液腺活动或系统对禁食的反应发生了改变，从而可能影响口腔健康。
{"title":"The Role of Ramadan Fasting on Secretory IgA and Statherin Levels in Individuals with Dental Caries","authors":"Baraa S. Mohammad, Ghada I. Taha","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6622252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6622252","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tooth decay happens when bacteria in the mouth create acid from carbohydrates that can be fermented. Along with factors related to the person (like genetics or oral hygiene habits) and saliva, this process leads to cavities. During Ramadan fasting, when eating habits change, there could be effects on health, particularly on the salivary biomarkers that are important for dental well-being.\u0000Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to detect the activity and concentrations of salivary levels of secretory immunoglobulin A and Statherin during and after Ramadan fasting and to evaluate the association between these biomarkers with dental caries.\u0000Methods: The study comprised 40 individuals, aged 20-25 years, diagnosed with dental caries. Participants were assessed for periodontal parameters using the Plaque Index and the Gingival Index. Saliva samples were collected during the fourth week of Ramadan fasting and two weeks after Ramadan fasting. The concentrations of both secretory IgA and Statherin were measured in salivary samples using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay .\u0000Results: A significant decrease in the mean concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A was observed during Ramadan fasting (2.14±0.21 ng/L) compared to post-fasting (3.34±0.35 ng/L) (p=0.001). However, there was a non-significant difference (p=0.05) in statherin levels between the fasting state (2.25±0.18 ng/L) and the post-fasting state (2.85±0.22 ng/L). No statistically significant difference was found concerning both the Plaque Index and the Gingival Index within fasting and post-fasting state.\u0000Conclusion: Low concentration of sIgA and Statherin during Ramadan fasting may indicate altered salivary gland activity or systemic response to fasting, potentially affecting oral health.","PeriodicalId":516152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141695091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6622070
Zahraa A. Zaboon Al-Majidi, Faris H. Lami, S. Hakimi
Background: Diabetes Mellitus is the most prevalent metabolic disorder worldwide. Effective diabetes self-management and keeping the Glycosylated hemoglobin level within the normal range could decrease the burden on the health system by reducing hospital admissions and diabetic complications, lowering the financial strain on the health system. Objective: To recognize the potential risk factors of poor glycemic control in patients having type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Baghdad, Iraq. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Diabetes and Endocrine Center at Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from June to November 2020. The total number of the study's participants was 234. Based on the cutoff point of glycosylated hemoglobin of 7, the patients with glycosylated hemoglobin of ≥7 were considered uncontrolled, and those with glycosylated hemoglobin of <7 were considered controlled. Results: The proportion of cases with uncontrolled diabetes was 68.4% (160). The remaining 74 patients had controlled diabetes. Age, sex, marital status, and employment status were not significantly associated with the control status (P>0.05). The binary analysis showed a significant association observed between the control status and level of education (P=0.001), income (P=0.001), presence of comorbidities (P=0.028), positive family history (P=0.03), dyslipidemia (P=0.001), cholesterol level (P=0.002), high triglyceride level (P=0.001), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level (P=0.025). The smoking status, body mass index, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level were not significantly associated with the control status (P>0.05). The disease characteristics, including the disease duration, fasting blood glucose, type of medication, self-monitoring, healthy diet, physical activity, and medication adherence, were significant factors (P<0.001). The multivariate regression method showed that dyslipidemia, FBS≥130, physical inactivity, and poor medication adherence were significant predictors for uncontrolled DM (P-value = 0.03, 0.001, 0.03, and 0.043, respectively). Conclusion: The most important potentially modifiable risk factors for poor diabetes control were dyslipidemia, physical inactivity, and poor adherence to the management protocol. Enhancing the education of patients and their healthcare providers on these factors is crucial to improving the patients’ control status.
{"title":"Proportion and Potential Risk Factors of Poor Glycemic Control among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Experience of a Tertiary Center in Baghdad, Iraq, 2020","authors":"Zahraa A. Zaboon Al-Majidi, Faris H. Lami, S. Hakimi","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6622070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6622070","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes Mellitus is the most prevalent metabolic disorder worldwide. Effective diabetes self-management and keeping the Glycosylated hemoglobin level within the normal range could decrease the burden on the health system by reducing hospital admissions and diabetic complications, lowering the financial strain on the health system.\u0000Objective: To recognize the potential risk factors of poor glycemic control in patients having type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Baghdad, Iraq.\u0000Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Diabetes and Endocrine Center at Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from June to November 2020. The total number of the study's participants was 234. Based on the cutoff point of glycosylated hemoglobin of 7, the patients with glycosylated hemoglobin of ≥7 were considered uncontrolled, and those with glycosylated hemoglobin of <7 were considered controlled.\u0000Results: The proportion of cases with uncontrolled diabetes was 68.4% (160). The remaining 74 patients had controlled diabetes. Age, sex, marital status, and employment status were not significantly associated with the control status (P>0.05). The binary analysis showed a significant association observed between the control status and level of education (P=0.001), income (P=0.001), presence of comorbidities (P=0.028), positive family history (P=0.03), dyslipidemia (P=0.001), cholesterol level (P=0.002), high triglyceride level (P=0.001), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level (P=0.025). The smoking status, body mass index, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level were not significantly associated with the control status (P>0.05). The disease characteristics, including the disease duration, fasting blood glucose, type of medication, self-monitoring, healthy diet, physical activity, and medication adherence, were significant factors (P<0.001). The multivariate regression method showed that dyslipidemia, FBS≥130, physical inactivity, and poor medication adherence were significant predictors for uncontrolled DM (P-value = 0.03, 0.001, 0.03, and 0.043, respectively).\u0000Conclusion: The most important potentially modifiable risk factors for poor diabetes control were dyslipidemia, physical inactivity, and poor adherence to the management protocol. Enhancing the education of patients and their healthcare providers on these factors is crucial to improving the patients’ control status.","PeriodicalId":516152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141697714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6612002
Nusaibah K. Al-Zubaidi, Suha A. Al-Fakhar, Mohammad H. Al-Osami
قد يؤثر داء الذئاب الحمامي المجموعي (SLE) على واحد أو أكثر من أجهزة الجسم، ومع مرور الوقت، قد تبدأ المظاهر الأخرى بالظهور. الجهاز العضلي الهيكلي، والجلد، والكلى، وأنظمة الغدد الصماء كلها متورطة في مرض الذئبة الحمراء. إن اختلال توازن الجهاز العصبي، الدم، الأوعية الدموية، الرئوي، الجهاز الهضمي، والعين في الاستجابة المناعية وإنتاج الأجسام المضادة الذاتية كأجسام مضادة للأكسدة LDL (مضادات oxLDL) لها تأثير واضح على أعضاء الجسم وتطور مضاعفات المرض. الهدف من الدراسة: تقييم مستويات oxLDL (IgM) وoxLDL (IgG-Abs) كمؤشرات حيوية لنشاط المرض لدى مرضى الذئبة الحمراء وعلاقتها بالخصائص الديموغرافية المرضى وطرق العمل: اشتملت الدراسة على 100 مريض بمرض الذئبة الحمراء 7 ذكور (7٪) و93 (93٪) إناث تتراوح أعمارهم بين 33.4 ± 9.95 سنة والذين التحقوا بوحدة الروماتيزم بمستشفى بغداد التعليمي. تم تقييم مستويات مصل oxLDL IgM وoxLDL IgG باستخدام المقايسة الامتصاصية المناعية بالإنزيم المرتبط (ELISA). التحليل الاحصائي: تم استخدام البرنامج الإحصائي للعلوم الاجتماعية لإجراء التحليل الإحصائي (SPSS؛ الإصدار 20.0 لنظام التشغيل Windows، SPSS، Chicago، IL، USA ) يتم استخدام المتوسط والانحراف المعياري والمدى لتصوير البيانات الكمية. تم استخدام اختبار الطالب لفحص الاختلافات بين مجموعات المريض والسيطرة. بسبب التوزيع غير الطبيعي لـ oxLDL (IgM) وoxLDL (IgG)، تم استخدام الوسيط وIQR (المدى الرباعي) لوصفهما (اختبار Kolmogorov-Smirnov). وتم استخدام اختبار مان ويتني لدراسة الفرق بين المجموعتين. يتم تمثيل البيانات النوعية كعدد ونسبة مئوية. تم استخدام اختبار مربع كاي لاختبار العلاقة بين البيانات النوعية. تم استخدام اختبار ارتباط بيرسون لاختبار العلاقة بين البيانات الكمية. واعتبرت قيمة P <0.05 ذات دلالة إحصائية النتائج: أظهرت الدراسة الحالية أن هناك فرقا معنويا بين مستويات الأجسام المضادة OxLDL IgM في مرضى داء الذئبة الاحمراري الذين يعانون من السمنة المفرطة ومجموعات غير البدينين، حيث أن مستويات oxLDL-IgM في المرضى الذين يعانون من السمنة كانت (3.14 ميكروغرام / لتر) والمرضى غير البدينين كانت (5.13 ميكروغرام / لتر). كانت قيمة P 0.005 بينما مرضى الذئبة الحمامية المجموعية كانت مستويات ox LDL-IgM حيث (3.80 ميكروغرام / لتر) وفي مرضى الذئبة الحمراء الذين ليس لديهم مرض السكري كانت (5.13 ميكروغرام / لتر)، بينما أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية. بين مستويات oxLDL IgG في مرضى الذئبة الحمراء الذين يعانون من السمنة المفرطة وغير البدينين. ومرضى الذئبة الحمراء مع مرض السكري. كانت قيمة P>0.05. الاستنتاجات: عند مقارنة مرضى الذئبة الحمراء، تم العثور على فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين مستويات OxLDL IgM في مرضى السمنة مع مرض الذئبة الحمراء وغير البدناء وعدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين مستويات OxLDL IgG. مزيد من الدراسات. مطلوب لتنفيذ وتوضيح دور OxLDL IgM في الخصائص الديموغرافية لمرضى الذئبة الحمراء.
{"title":"Correlation between demographic characteristics and Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein (oxLDL-IgM and oxLDL-IgG) levels in patients with systemic lupus Erythematosus","authors":"Nusaibah K. Al-Zubaidi, Suha A. Al-Fakhar, Mohammad H. Al-Osami","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6612002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6612002","url":null,"abstract":"قد يؤثر داء الذئاب الحمامي المجموعي (SLE) على واحد أو أكثر من أجهزة الجسم، ومع مرور الوقت، قد تبدأ المظاهر الأخرى بالظهور. الجهاز العضلي الهيكلي، والجلد، والكلى، وأنظمة الغدد الصماء كلها متورطة في مرض الذئبة الحمراء. إن اختلال توازن الجهاز العصبي، الدم، الأوعية الدموية، الرئوي، الجهاز الهضمي، والعين في الاستجابة المناعية وإنتاج الأجسام المضادة الذاتية كأجسام مضادة للأكسدة LDL (مضادات oxLDL) لها تأثير واضح على أعضاء الجسم وتطور مضاعفات المرض.\u0000الهدف من الدراسة: تقييم مستويات oxLDL (IgM) وoxLDL (IgG-Abs) كمؤشرات حيوية لنشاط المرض لدى مرضى الذئبة الحمراء وعلاقتها بالخصائص الديموغرافية\u0000المرضى وطرق العمل: اشتملت الدراسة على 100 مريض بمرض الذئبة الحمراء 7 ذكور (7٪) و93 (93٪) إناث تتراوح أعمارهم بين 33.4 ± 9.95 سنة والذين التحقوا بوحدة الروماتيزم بمستشفى بغداد التعليمي. تم تقييم مستويات مصل oxLDL IgM وoxLDL IgG باستخدام المقايسة الامتصاصية المناعية بالإنزيم المرتبط (ELISA).\u0000التحليل الاحصائي: تم استخدام البرنامج الإحصائي للعلوم الاجتماعية لإجراء التحليل الإحصائي (SPSS؛ الإصدار 20.0 لنظام التشغيل Windows، SPSS، Chicago، IL، USA ) يتم استخدام المتوسط والانحراف المعياري والمدى لتصوير البيانات الكمية. تم استخدام اختبار الطالب لفحص الاختلافات بين مجموعات المريض والسيطرة. بسبب التوزيع غير الطبيعي لـ oxLDL (IgM) وoxLDL (IgG)، تم استخدام الوسيط وIQR (المدى الرباعي) لوصفهما (اختبار Kolmogorov-Smirnov). وتم استخدام اختبار مان ويتني لدراسة الفرق بين المجموعتين. يتم تمثيل البيانات النوعية كعدد ونسبة مئوية. تم استخدام اختبار مربع كاي لاختبار العلاقة بين البيانات النوعية. تم استخدام اختبار ارتباط بيرسون لاختبار العلاقة بين البيانات الكمية. واعتبرت قيمة P <0.05 ذات دلالة إحصائية\u0000النتائج: أظهرت الدراسة الحالية أن هناك فرقا معنويا بين مستويات الأجسام المضادة OxLDL IgM في مرضى داء الذئبة الاحمراري الذين يعانون من السمنة المفرطة ومجموعات غير البدينين، حيث أن مستويات oxLDL-IgM في المرضى الذين يعانون من السمنة كانت (3.14 ميكروغرام / لتر) والمرضى غير البدينين كانت (5.13 ميكروغرام / لتر). كانت قيمة P 0.005 بينما مرضى الذئبة الحمامية المجموعية كانت مستويات ox LDL-IgM حيث (3.80 ميكروغرام / لتر) وفي مرضى الذئبة الحمراء الذين ليس لديهم مرض السكري كانت (5.13 ميكروغرام / لتر)، بينما أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية. بين مستويات oxLDL IgG في مرضى الذئبة الحمراء الذين يعانون من السمنة المفرطة وغير البدينين. ومرضى الذئبة الحمراء مع مرض السكري. كانت قيمة P>0.05.\u0000الاستنتاجات: عند مقارنة مرضى الذئبة الحمراء، تم العثور على فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين مستويات OxLDL IgM في مرضى السمنة مع مرض الذئبة الحمراء وغير البدناء وعدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين مستويات OxLDL IgG. مزيد من الدراسات. مطلوب لتنفيذ وتوضيح دور OxLDL IgM في الخصائص الديموغرافية لمرضى الذئبة الحمراء.","PeriodicalId":516152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141701343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2269
Hadeel T AlAni, Makarim Q. Al-lami
Background: Chronic kidney disease is a condition that results from an indefinite change in the structure and function of the kidneys. A slow, steady progression characterizes it and is irreversible. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the findings of certain biochemical and hematological tests in samples from Iraqi CKD patients. Methods: This study included 90 subjects, where 70 patients with chronic kidney disease and 20 healthy individuals. Blood samples were collected from the patients during their visits to Ghazi Al-Hariri Surgical Specialties' Hospital- Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq. Age, sex and body mass index were assessed for each participant followed by renal function tests [serum blood urea, creatinine, uric acid and estimated glomerular filtration rate], and complete blood count. Also, serum levels of uromodulin and cystatin C were measured statistically studies were carried out using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: the study demonstrated a highly significant (P<0.001) increase in blood urea, serum creatinine and uric acid levels, while a significant (P<0.05) decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate levels in patients compared to the control group. On the other hand, it showed a highly significant (P<0.001) decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit values and a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the red blood cell count. Patients had revealed a significant (P<0.05) increase in cystatin C level and a decrease in uromodulin level when compared to the control group. conclusion: the present study shows that chronic kidney disease patients have upregulated renal function parameters blood urea, serum creatinine and with downregulated estimated glomerular filtration rate, while hematological disorder was more prevalent in patients. On the other hand, cystatin C level revealed an increase while uromodulin level showed a decrease in Iraqi patients.
背景：慢性肾脏病是一种肾脏结构和功能发生无限变化的疾病。慢性肾脏病的特点是缓慢而稳定的发展，并且是不可逆的。研究目的本研究旨在评估伊拉克慢性肾脏病患者样本中某些生化和血液学检测的结果。方法：本研究包括 90 名受试者，其中 70 名慢性肾脏病患者和 20 名健康人。血液样本是患者在伊拉克巴格达医疗城加齐-哈里里外科专科医院就诊时采集的。对每位患者的年龄、性别和体重指数进行了评估，然后进行了肾功能检测（血清尿素、肌酐、尿酸和估计肾小球滤过率）和全血细胞计数。结果表明，与对照组相比，患者的血尿素、血清肌酐和尿酸水平显著增加（P<0.001），而估计肾小球滤过率水平显著下降（P<0.05）。另一方面，血红蛋白和血细胞比容值有非常显著的下降（P<0.001），红细胞计数也有显著下降（P<0.05）。结论：本研究表明，慢性肾脏病患者的肾功能指标血尿素和血清肌酐升高，估计肾小球滤过率降低，而血液病在患者中更为普遍。 另一方面，伊拉克患者的胱抑素 C 水平升高，而尿调素水平下降。
{"title":"Evaluation of some Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease","authors":"Hadeel T AlAni, Makarim Q. Al-lami","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2269","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chronic kidney disease is a condition that results from an indefinite change in the structure and function of the kidneys. A slow, steady progression characterizes it and is irreversible.\u0000 Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the findings of certain biochemical and hematological tests in samples from Iraqi CKD patients.\u0000 Methods: This study included 90 subjects, where 70 patients with chronic kidney disease and 20 healthy individuals. Blood samples were collected from the patients during their visits to Ghazi Al-Hariri Surgical Specialties' Hospital- Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq. Age, sex and body mass index were assessed for each participant followed by renal function tests [serum blood urea, creatinine, uric acid and estimated glomerular filtration rate], and complete blood count. Also, serum levels of uromodulin and cystatin C were measured statistically studies were carried out using analysis of variance (ANOVA).\u0000Results: the study demonstrated a highly significant (P<0.001) increase in blood urea, serum creatinine and uric acid levels, while a significant (P<0.05) decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate levels in patients compared to the control group. On the other hand, it showed a highly significant (P<0.001) decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit values and a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the red blood cell count. Patients had revealed a significant (P<0.05) increase in cystatin C level and a decrease in uromodulin level when compared to the control group.\u0000conclusion: the present study shows that chronic kidney disease patients have upregulated renal function parameters blood urea, serum creatinine and with downregulated estimated glomerular filtration rate, while hematological disorder was more prevalent in patients. On the other hand, cystatin C level revealed an increase while uromodulin level showed a decrease in Iraqi patients.","PeriodicalId":516152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141697988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6622210
S. K. Ali, Entidhar J. Al-Akkam
Background: Ropinirole hydrochloride is a non-ergoline antiparkinson drug. It is a highly hydrophilic drug and classified as class III according to Biopharmaceutical Classification System with low absolute oral bioavailability of approximately 50% upon oral administration due to significant hepatic first-pass metabolism. Objective: to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of Ropinirole, when administered orally in the form of a Ropinirole bilosomal dispersion in contrast to an oral Ropinirole solution. Methods: This study involved the use of twelve male Wistar rats, with an average weight of 220±11 g, and these rats were divided into two groups, comprising six rats each. A 1.1mg/kg doses of pure Ropinirole and Ropinirole bilosomes were administered orally through gavage after reconstituting in distilled water. Ropinirole was quantified in the rat's plasma using HPLC, subsequently establishing a spiked calibration curve with plasma samples and utilizing paracetamol as an internal standard. The statistics included mean values (± SD; n = 6) for pharmacokinetic parameters, with statistical significance assessed using a Student's t-test. Results: For the oral bilosomes, the values were 9.4±0.11 μg /ml for Cmax, 3±0.00 h for Tmax, and 55.56±2.12 μg h/ml for AUC0-24. In contrast, for the oral solution, the corresponding values were 7.2±0.14 μg/ml for Cmax, 1.5±0.00 h for Tmax, and 23.70±2.23 μg h/ml for AUC0-24. These parameters were significantly higher (P<0.05) as compared with a pure drug solution. The comparative bioavailability of Ropinirole (AUC0-24 oral solution / AUC0-24 oral bilosomes ) is equal to 42.66%, which indicates the bioavailability of the oral RH solution was less than that of RH bilosomal dispersion. Conclusions: The use of nano vesicular carriers (bilosomes) shows significant potential as an effective delivery system for improving the oral bioavailability of ropinirole hydrochloride
{"title":"Comparison of Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of Bilosomal Dispersion Versus Pure Solution of Oral Ropinirole Hydrochloride in Rats","authors":"S. K. Ali, Entidhar J. Al-Akkam","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6622210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6622210","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ropinirole hydrochloride is a non-ergoline antiparkinson drug. It is a highly hydrophilic drug and classified as class III according to Biopharmaceutical Classification System with low absolute oral bioavailability of approximately 50% upon oral administration due to significant hepatic first-pass metabolism.\u0000Objective: to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of Ropinirole, when administered orally in the form of a Ropinirole bilosomal dispersion in contrast to an oral Ropinirole solution.\u0000Methods: This study involved the use of twelve male Wistar rats, with an average weight of 220±11 g, and these rats were divided into two groups, comprising six rats each. A 1.1mg/kg doses of pure Ropinirole and Ropinirole bilosomes were administered orally through gavage after reconstituting in distilled water. Ropinirole was quantified in the rat's plasma using HPLC, subsequently establishing a spiked calibration curve with plasma samples and utilizing paracetamol as an internal standard. The statistics included mean values (± SD; n = 6) for pharmacokinetic parameters, with statistical significance assessed using a Student's t-test.\u0000Results: For the oral bilosomes, the values were 9.4±0.11 μg /ml for Cmax, 3±0.00 h for Tmax, and 55.56±2.12 μg h/ml for AUC0-24. In contrast, for the oral solution, the corresponding values were 7.2±0.14 μg/ml for Cmax, 1.5±0.00 h for Tmax, and 23.70±2.23 μg h/ml for AUC0-24. These parameters were significantly higher (P<0.05) as compared with a pure drug solution. The comparative bioavailability of Ropinirole (AUC0-24 oral solution / AUC0-24 oral bilosomes ) is equal to 42.66%, which indicates the bioavailability of the oral RH solution was less than that of RH bilosomal dispersion.\u0000Conclusions: The use of nano vesicular carriers (bilosomes) shows significant potential as an effective delivery system for improving the oral bioavailability of ropinirole hydrochloride","PeriodicalId":516152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141690057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6622188
Ameer AlThabhawee, Taghreed F Zaidan, Mohammed Ali
Background: The increasing global prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) has become an important challenge, leading to a heightened demand for oral medicine in developed nations. This demand arises from the recognition of the association between psychiatric disorders and other conditions, including various orofacial pain disorders. Objective: This study are to evaluate oral conditions such as recurrent aphthous ulcers, burning mouth syndrome, and altered taste and to assess salivary alpha-amylase in individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Methods: This research uses a cross-sectional study design that includes a sample of 49 patients who have been diagnosed with major depressive disorder and who have undergone treatment for at least two weeks. The control group consists of 34 healthy subjects with no signs or symptoms of systemic disease. The study group received the diagnosis in Najaf City according to the criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). With respect to recurrent aphthous ulcers, the results of this study show the percentage of patients with oral ulcers is significantly higher than in the control group. Results: The results also show that the prevalence of burning mouth syndrome is significantly higher in patients with major depressive disorder than in healthy controls. A highly statistically significant difference was found between the study group and the control group regarding altered taste. There is also a significant difference in salivary alpha-amylase levels between the study and control groups (p = 0.009). Conclusion: Major depressive disorder patients have much higher incidences of reported recurrent aphthous ulcers, burning mouth syndrome, and altered taste than healthy subjects, indicating the importance of psychological factors in these conditions. Additionally, salivary alpha-amylase levels were higher in patients with major depressive disorder than in the control group.
{"title":"Oral Findings and Salivary Alpha-Amylase in Major Depressive Disorder Patients","authors":"Ameer AlThabhawee, Taghreed F Zaidan, Mohammed Ali","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6622188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6622188","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The increasing global prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) has become an important challenge, leading to a heightened demand for oral medicine in developed nations. This demand arises from the recognition of the association between psychiatric disorders and other conditions, including various orofacial pain disorders.\u0000Objective: This study are to evaluate oral conditions such as recurrent aphthous ulcers, burning mouth syndrome, and altered taste and to assess salivary alpha-amylase in individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder.\u0000Methods: This research uses a cross-sectional study design that includes a sample of 49 patients who have been diagnosed with major depressive disorder and who have undergone treatment for at least two weeks. The control group consists of 34 healthy subjects with no signs or symptoms of systemic disease. The study group received the diagnosis in Najaf City according to the criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). With respect to recurrent aphthous ulcers, the results of this study show the percentage of patients with oral ulcers is significantly higher than in the control group.\u0000Results: The results also show that the prevalence of burning mouth syndrome is significantly higher in patients with major depressive disorder than in healthy controls. A highly statistically significant difference was found between the study group and the control group regarding altered taste. There is also a significant difference in salivary alpha-amylase levels between the study and control groups (p = 0.009).\u0000Conclusion: Major depressive disorder patients have much higher incidences of reported recurrent aphthous ulcers, burning mouth syndrome, and altered taste than healthy subjects, indicating the importance of psychological factors in these conditions. Additionally, salivary alpha-amylase levels were higher in patients with major depressive disorder than in the control group.","PeriodicalId":516152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141694886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2111
Mohammed A. Abd, ٍShaymaa A. Majeed
Background: Obesity rates are increasing day by day affecting all populations at different ages. The most prevalent kind of cancer among women worldwide is breast cancer, with increasing rates in the present time and in the future. Substantial connections between obesity and breast cancer are demonstrated. Elevated circulating levels of insulin and interleukin-6 have a substantial link to obesity and breast cancer development. Objective: This study aimed to examine the serum levels of insulin and interleukin-6 in postmenopausal breast cancer patients and to study the connection between these biomarkers and breast cancer development. Method: In this research, 120 postmenopausal women actively participated., 30 had a body mass index of >30kg/m2 diagnosed with breast cancer and considered as obese (group 1), 30 with a body mass index of <30kg/m2 with breast cancer and considered as not obese (group 2), 30 had a body mass index of >30 kg/m2 who were apparently healthy and were obese (group 3), and 30 participants with a body mass index of <30 kg/m2 , were apparently healthy and were not obese (group 4). Five millilitres of venous blood were provided by each individual. Insulin and interleukin-6 levels in the blood were measured using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) kits. Results: Serum insulin levels were higher in the groups of obese participants (groups 1 and 3) than the groups of non-obese participants (groups 2 and 4), serum levels of interleukin-6 were the lowest in the healthy control group without obesity (group 4). Substantial moderate correlation was found between body mass index and both insulin and interleukin-6. Postmenopausal breast cancer risk is increased with elevations of serum insulin and interleukin-6. Conclusions: Elevated levels of serum interleukin-6 and insulin were linked to higher body mass index. In addition, in addition interleukin-6 elevated levels were linked to the cancer state of the non-obese patients. Risk of breast cancer increased with higher levels of circulating insulin and intereukin-6. Received: Mar,, 2023 Accepted: May, 2023 Published: Jan.2023
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