Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2113
Masarrah Muzahim Alkabban, L. A. Alkhazrajy
Background: Due to their high prevalence rates, adolescent obesity and depression are among the most renowned public health concerns globally. Obesity is considered the leading cause of morbidity and death in Iraq in 2019. There is scarce research and surveys regarding the relationship between BMI and depression, especially in young Iraqi females. Objectives: To explore the level of depression among adolescent girls, and to determine its association with Body Mass Index in the studies group. Methods: Beck’s depression inventory questionnaire was used in 11 high schools for girls that were selected randomly from the schools in Baghdad/ AlKarkh from 1st of January 2023 till end of May 2023. A sample of 350 adolescent girls was included in the study. The height and weight of each participant was measured and BMI was calculated. Tables and graphs were constructed to describe the data. The Chi-square test was used to test the association between categorical data. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the studied group, 14% were underweight, 59% were normal weight, 21% overweight and 6% obese. As for mood status, 16% had mild mood disturbance, 24.3% had borderline clinical depression, 13.4% had moderate depression and 3.1% had severe depression. Severe depressive symptoms were found in 15% of obese girls, significantly higher than that among overweight (1.4%), normal weight (2.4%), and underweight (3.4%), P = 0.003. Conclusions: There was a significant association between obesity and severe depression and a positive significant correlation between BMI and depression. Received: April,, 2023 Accepted: June, 2023 Published: Jan2024
{"title":"Association between Body Mass Index and Depressive Symptoms among Adolescent Females in Baghdad, AlKarkh during 2022","authors":"Masarrah Muzahim Alkabban, L. A. Alkhazrajy","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2113","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Due to their high prevalence rates, adolescent obesity and depression are among the most renowned public health concerns globally. Obesity is considered the leading cause of morbidity and death in Iraq in 2019. There is scarce research and surveys regarding the relationship between BMI and depression, especially in young Iraqi females.\u0000Objectives: To explore the level of depression among adolescent girls, and to determine its association with Body Mass Index in the studies group.\u0000Methods: Beck’s depression inventory questionnaire was used in 11 high schools for girls that were selected randomly from the schools in Baghdad/ AlKarkh from 1st of January 2023 till end of May 2023. A sample of 350 adolescent girls was included in the study. The height and weight of each participant was measured and BMI was calculated. Tables and graphs were constructed to describe the data. The Chi-square test was used to test the association between categorical data. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.\u0000Results: Of the studied group, 14% were underweight, 59% were normal weight, 21% overweight and 6% obese. As for mood status, 16% had mild mood disturbance, 24.3% had borderline clinical depression, 13.4% had moderate depression and 3.1% had severe depression. Severe depressive symptoms were found in 15% of obese girls, significantly higher than that among overweight (1.4%), normal weight (2.4%), and underweight (3.4%), P = 0.003.\u0000Conclusions: There was a significant association between obesity and severe depression and a positive significant correlation between BMI and depression.\u0000Received: April,, 2023\u0000Accepted: June, 2023\u0000Published: Jan2024\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":516152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139455199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.1987
Sulaf Emad, Ghassan Thabet Saeed
Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the commonest complication of T2DM. Neuropathy is a descriptor for a spectrum of clinical and subclinical symptoms with varying anatomical distributions, clinical histories, and perhaps underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. The distal Symmetrical sensory polyneuropathy is chronic, symmetrical, length-dependent sensorimotor. Studies of the blink reflex have shown potential as a method of assessing brainstem activity. Objective: The primary purpose of this research was to assess the function of the blink reflex in the early detection of cranial nerves and brain stem dysfunction in diabetes patients with and without polyneuropathy. We also aimed to see whether there were differences in blink reflex abnormalities between diabetes individuals with and without polyneuropathy. Patients and Methods: The study included a group of sixty-60 diabetic patients. Clinician and electrophysiologist evaluations were used to determine the severity of neuropathy. Patients with diabetes were separated into two groups: those with and without neuropathy. Results: A statistically significant difference between the two groups was for C.R.2 latency, and I.R.2 latency with a P-value <0.001. Except for blink reflex’s R1 latency (P-value >0.2), all other Blink reflex parameters were statistically different between patients who experience diabetic neuropathy and those who didn’t. Regarding HbA1c, a significant positive association with IR2 latency and C.R.2 latency was noted (Pvalue <0.001) and also, a statistically significant negative association was found with I.R.2 duration and C.R.2 duration (P-value <0.001). Amplitudes of sural, tibial and peroneal nerves were negatively associated with Blink reflex Latencies and positively associated with blink reflex duration. Conclusion: In conclusion, blink-reflex parameters (including ipsi-lateral R.2 latency, contra-lateral R.2 latency) are significantly associated with HBA1C level and degree of peripheral diabetic neuropathy. Received Sept. 2022 Accepted Nov. 2023 Published Jan. 2024
{"title":"Evaluation of Brain Stem Function in Diabetics with and Without Distal Symmetrical Polyneuropathy Using the Blink Reflex","authors":"Sulaf Emad, Ghassan Thabet Saeed","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.1987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.1987","url":null,"abstract":" Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the commonest complication of T2DM. Neuropathy is a descriptor for a spectrum of clinical and subclinical symptoms with varying anatomical distributions, clinical histories, and perhaps underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. The distal Symmetrical sensory polyneuropathy is chronic, symmetrical, length-dependent sensorimotor. Studies of the blink reflex have shown potential as a method of assessing brainstem activity.\u0000Objective: The primary purpose of this research was to assess the function of the blink reflex in the early detection of cranial nerves and brain stem dysfunction in diabetes patients with and without polyneuropathy. We also aimed to see whether there were differences in blink reflex abnormalities between diabetes individuals with and without polyneuropathy.\u0000Patients and Methods: The study included a group of sixty-60 diabetic patients. Clinician and electrophysiologist evaluations were used to determine the severity of neuropathy. Patients with diabetes were separated into two groups: those with and without neuropathy.\u0000Results: A statistically significant difference between the two groups was for C.R.2 latency, and I.R.2 latency with a P-value <0.001. Except for blink reflex’s R1 latency (P-value >0.2), all other Blink reflex parameters were statistically different between patients who experience diabetic neuropathy and those who didn’t. Regarding HbA1c, a significant positive association with IR2 latency and C.R.2 latency was noted (Pvalue <0.001) and also, a statistically significant negative association was found with I.R.2 duration and C.R.2 duration (P-value <0.001). Amplitudes of sural, tibial and peroneal nerves were negatively associated with Blink reflex Latencies and positively associated with blink reflex duration.\u0000Conclusion: In conclusion, blink-reflex parameters (including ipsi-lateral R.2 latency, contra-lateral R.2 latency) are significantly associated with HBA1C level and degree of peripheral diabetic neuropathy.\u0000Received Sept. 2022\u0000Accepted Nov. 2023\u0000Published Jan. 2024","PeriodicalId":516152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139455206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2154
Rusal Emad, Rand R. Hafidh, Muhammad Zukhrufuz Zaman
Background: Klebsiella oxytoca is a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium that is becoming resistant to multiple drugs and is frequently endangering patients' lives. It is a member of the human microbiota. Objectives: To assess the value of identifying K. oxytoca using an automated diagnostic system (VITEK-2) as compared to traditional manual methods. Materials and Methods: A total of 136 clinical specimens were collected from patients in Baghdad hospitals during a period from July to November 2022. VITEK-2 system was used to recognize the isolated bacteria to the genus and species level. The biochemical indole test was used as a confirmatory test at the species level. Results: K. oxytoca was more common in urine samples 49 (36.0%) followed by blood samples 21 (15.4%). Of the total collected samples 77 (56.6%) were from inpatients and (43.3%) were from outpatients. The primary identification by cultural and microscopic examinations diagnosed all the isolates as Klebsiella. VITEK-2 system recognized them as K. pneumoniae. The indole test confirmed the species as K. oxytoca by the formation of the red ring. Conclusion: using a simple biochemical test like indole is crucial in clinical laboratories to investigate the accuracy of bacterial identification at the species level. Continuous evaluation for the identification results of the automated systems is needed and can be done by updating the system software for the new emerging pathogens in the hospitals. Received June. 2022 Accepted Sept. 2023 Published Jan. 2024
{"title":"Identification of Klebsiella oxytoca by VITEK-2 System in Baghdad Hospitals","authors":"Rusal Emad, Rand R. Hafidh, Muhammad Zukhrufuz Zaman","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2154","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Klebsiella oxytoca is a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium that is becoming resistant to multiple drugs and is frequently endangering patients' lives. It is a member of the human microbiota.\u0000Objectives: To assess the value of identifying K. oxytoca using an automated diagnostic system (VITEK-2) as compared to traditional manual methods.\u0000Materials and Methods: A total of 136 clinical specimens were collected from patients in Baghdad hospitals during a period from July to November 2022. VITEK-2 system was used to recognize the isolated bacteria to the genus and species level. The biochemical indole test was used as a confirmatory test at the species level.\u0000Results: K. oxytoca was more common in urine samples 49 (36.0%) followed by blood samples 21 (15.4%). Of the total collected samples 77 (56.6%) were from inpatients and (43.3%) were from outpatients. The primary identification by cultural and microscopic examinations diagnosed all the isolates as Klebsiella. VITEK-2 system recognized them as K. pneumoniae. The indole test confirmed the species as K. oxytoca by the formation of the red ring.\u0000Conclusion: using a simple biochemical test like indole is crucial in clinical laboratories to investigate the accuracy of bacterial identification at the species level. Continuous evaluation for the identification results of the automated systems is needed and can be done by updating the system software for the new emerging pathogens in the hospitals.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Received June. 2022\u0000Accepted Sept. 2023\u0000Published Jan. 2024\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":516152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139456819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2084
Ahmed Jasim Alhusaynei, Hanan Dhannoon Nayyef
Background: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific, multisystem condition characterized by the onset of de novo hypertension and proteinuria occurring in previously normotensive women after the twentieth week of pregnancy. Pregnancy is associated with a physiological adaptation that leads to changes in the hematological system including platelet parameters. Objectives: Is to compare platelet count, and platelet indices, namely mean platelet volume platelet distribution width and platelet count to mean platelet volume MPV ratio in preeclamptic patients with normal pregnant women. Patients & methods: A case-control study was carried out in the obstetrics and gynecology department at Al-Khansaa Maternity and Childhood Teaching Hospital, Mosul, Iraq over a period extending from February 2020 to the end of December 2020. A sample of 120 pregnant women participated in the study fulfilling inclusion criteria. Sixty of them were diagnosed with preeclampsia PE (30 pregnant women with mild PE and 30 pregnant women with severe PE) and sixty healthy pregnant women as the control group. Platelet count, mean platelet volume, and platelet distribution width (PDW) were measured and statistical analysis by mini tab program was done for all collected data. Results: A significant linear correlation between mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) with mean arterial pressure in the Preeclampsia group with p-value of (0.025 and 0.001) respectively and a significant inverse correlation between the platelet count and mean arterial pressure with a p-value of (<0.001) was observed. Conclusion: Platelet parameters are cost-effective, easily measurable, and practical markers that can be used for the monitoring of preeclampsia. Mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) have a significant linear correlation with mean arterial pressure in severe preeclampsia and can be used as a biomarker for the severity of preeclampsia in high-risk pregnant women. Received: Mar, 2022 Accepted: July, 2023 Published: Jan.2024
{"title":"Platelet Parameters in Nonthrombocytopenic Preeclampsia: A Case-Control Study","authors":"Ahmed Jasim Alhusaynei, Hanan Dhannoon Nayyef","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2084","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific, multisystem condition characterized by the onset of de novo hypertension and proteinuria occurring in previously normotensive women after the twentieth week of pregnancy. Pregnancy is associated with a physiological adaptation that leads to changes in the hematological system including platelet parameters. \u0000Objectives: Is to compare platelet count, and platelet indices, namely mean platelet volume platelet distribution width and platelet count to mean platelet volume MPV ratio in preeclamptic patients with normal pregnant women. \u0000Patients & methods: A case-control study was carried out in the obstetrics and gynecology department at Al-Khansaa Maternity and Childhood Teaching Hospital, Mosul, Iraq over a period extending from February 2020 to the end of December 2020. A sample of 120 pregnant women participated in the study fulfilling inclusion criteria. Sixty of them were diagnosed with preeclampsia PE (30 pregnant women with mild PE and 30 pregnant women with severe PE) and sixty healthy pregnant women as the control group. Platelet count, mean platelet volume, and platelet distribution width (PDW) were measured and statistical analysis by mini tab program was done for all collected data.\u0000Results: A significant linear correlation between mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) with mean arterial pressure in the Preeclampsia group with p-value of (0.025 and 0.001) respectively and a significant inverse correlation between the platelet count and mean arterial pressure with a p-value of (<0.001) was observed.\u0000Conclusion: Platelet parameters are cost-effective, easily measurable, and practical markers that can be used for the monitoring of preeclampsia. Mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) have a significant linear correlation with mean arterial pressure in severe preeclampsia and can be used as a biomarker for the severity of preeclampsia in high-risk pregnant women.\u0000Received: Mar, 2022\u0000Accepted: July, 2023\u0000Published: Jan.2024","PeriodicalId":516152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139454484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2131
Esraa Emad, Ghasan Thabit
Background: Subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have a higher prevalence of seizures than the general population, according to a significant body of research. Also, seizure-free patients with ASD have been found to have a higher prevalence of epileptiform discharge abnormalities compared to healthy controls across investigations. Changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) can manifest as sharp waves or spikes, sharp and slow waves, generally distributed or general area, or focused, and can manifest in various brain regions. There is a necessity to search for a distinctive EEG characteristic in ASD patients. Objectives: This study used electroencephalography to investigate the relationship between interictal epileptiform discharges and the severity of ASD in children. Patient and methods: The study involved a total of 65 children. The first group consisted of 30 children (seven females and 23 males, 2-12 years of age) recruited from the autism center and the pediatric neurology consultancy clinic in the Child Welfare Teaching Hospital / Medical City. The second group consisted of 35 age- and gender-matched normally-developed children (10 females 25 males, 2-12 years of age) recruited from the Pediatrics Consultation Clinics in the Child Welfare Teaching Hospital. The ASD children met the DSM-5 criteria for autism and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale was utilized to determine the severity of autism. The electroencephalography signals were recorded to detect epileptiform discharge. The data was collected during the period from 5th October 2022 to 1st April 2023. Result: A statistically significant association was found between the epileptiform discharges and the study group (ASD Vs normally developed children). The EEG records were normal in 20 (66.7%), abnormal in the form of focal epileptiform discharge in 5 (16.7%), and in the form of generalized epileptiform discharge in 5 (16.7%) of ASD children. The EEG findings and the CARS-measured autism severity showed a statistically significant association (P=0.05), as the EEG abnormalities increased with the severity of autism. Conclusion: The degree of autism was found to be associated with the abnormalities of the electroencephalogram and the degree of autism. Received: May,, 2023 Accepted: Sept, 2023 Published: Jan. 2024
{"title":"Association of Epileptiform Discharge and Autism Spectrum Disorder Severity in Children Attending the Outpatient Clinics, Child Welfare Teaching Hospital, Baghdad","authors":"Esraa Emad, Ghasan Thabit","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2131","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have a higher prevalence of seizures than the general population, according to a significant body of research. Also, seizure-free patients with ASD have been found to have a higher prevalence of epileptiform discharge abnormalities compared to healthy controls across investigations. Changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) can manifest as sharp waves or spikes, sharp and slow waves, generally distributed or general area, or focused, and can manifest in various brain regions. There is a necessity to search for a distinctive EEG characteristic in ASD patients.\u0000Objectives: This study used electroencephalography to investigate the relationship between interictal epileptiform discharges and the severity of ASD in children.\u0000Patient and methods: The study involved a total of 65 children. The first group consisted of 30 children (seven females and 23 males, 2-12 years of age) recruited from the autism center and the pediatric neurology consultancy clinic in the Child Welfare Teaching Hospital / Medical City. The second group consisted of 35 age- and gender-matched normally-developed children (10 females 25 males, 2-12 years of age) recruited from the Pediatrics Consultation Clinics in the Child Welfare Teaching Hospital. The ASD children met the DSM-5 criteria for autism and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale was utilized to determine the severity of autism. The electroencephalography signals were recorded to detect epileptiform discharge. The data was collected during the period from 5th October 2022 to 1st April 2023.\u0000Result: A statistically significant association was found between the epileptiform discharges and the study group (ASD Vs normally developed children). The EEG records were normal in 20 (66.7%), abnormal in the form of focal epileptiform discharge in 5 (16.7%), and in the form of generalized epileptiform discharge in 5 (16.7%) of ASD children. The EEG findings and the CARS-measured autism severity showed a statistically significant association (P=0.05), as the EEG abnormalities increased with the severity of autism.\u0000Conclusion: The degree of autism was found to be associated with the abnormalities of the electroencephalogram and the degree of autism.\u0000Received: May,, 2023\u0000Accepted: Sept, 2023\u0000Published: Jan. 2024\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":516152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139455299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2123
Rabah H Asreah, Ali A. Al Hussein
Background: coronavirus-19 disease recently emerged as a global pandemic affecting the respiratory system. However, during the course of the illness, the disease can directly or indirectly involve other body organs including the liver. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the incidence of hepatic involvement and its clinical significance in COVID-19 patients. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional single-center study was conducted on 112 patients who have an infection with Covid 19 (proved by polymerase chain reaction). Depending on infection severity, patients were categorized into three groups (according to the guidelines of the Chinese National Health Committee): mild, moderate, and severe cases. Blood samples were collected from each patient and liver function tests were conducted. Abnormal hepatic enzyme was considered when any enzyme (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase) was more than the upper normal laboratory value. Categorical variables were presented as numbers and percentages and analyzed with a Chi-square test. A P≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Sixty-six patients (58.93%) had normal liver enzymes, while the other 46 (41.07%) had abnormal liver enzymes. The mean age of patients with elevated liver enzymes was 45.17±11.93 years which was significantly higher than that of normal liver enzymes patients (38.92±13.47 years). In severe cases, 45.65% of patients had elevated liver enzyme compared with 43.48% in moderate group and 10.87 % in mild group. Conclusions: Acute liver injury as indicated by hypertransaminasemia is a frequent finding in COVID-19 patients. Elderly patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 are more prone to hepatic involvement. Received: May, 2022 Accepted: July, 2023 Published: Jan 2024
{"title":"Hypertransaminasemia: Incidence and its Clinical Correlations in Patients with COVID-19 Infection","authors":"Rabah H Asreah, Ali A. Al Hussein","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2123","url":null,"abstract":"Background: coronavirus-19 disease recently emerged as a global pandemic affecting the respiratory system. However, during the course of the illness, the disease can directly or indirectly involve other body organs including the liver.\u0000Objectives: This study aimed to determine the incidence of hepatic involvement and its clinical significance in COVID-19 patients.\u0000Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional single-center study was conducted on 112 patients who have an infection with Covid 19 (proved by polymerase chain reaction). Depending on infection severity, patients were categorized into three groups (according to the guidelines of the Chinese National Health Committee): mild, moderate, and severe cases. Blood samples were collected from each patient and liver function tests were conducted. Abnormal hepatic enzyme was considered when any enzyme (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase) was more than the upper normal laboratory value. Categorical variables were presented as numbers and percentages and analyzed with a Chi-square test. A P≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.\u0000Results: Sixty-six patients (58.93%) had normal liver enzymes, while the other 46 (41.07%) had abnormal liver enzymes. The mean age of patients with elevated liver enzymes was 45.17±11.93 years which was significantly higher than that of normal liver enzymes patients (38.92±13.47 years). In severe cases, 45.65% of patients had elevated liver enzyme compared with 43.48% in moderate group and 10.87 % in mild group.\u0000Conclusions: Acute liver injury as indicated by hypertransaminasemia is a frequent finding in COVID-19 patients. Elderly patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 are more prone to hepatic involvement.\u0000Received: May, 2022\u0000Accepted: July, 2023\u0000Published: Jan 2024 ","PeriodicalId":516152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139455527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2152
Shaden Husham, Ghada Taha
Background: Periodontal disease increases local and systemic inflammatory responses in pregnant women, which may lead to premature delivery. Objectives: To detect maternal serum levels of proinflammatory cytokine (Interleukine-6, Interleukin-8) with preterm delivery in pregnant women suffering from gingivitis. Cases and methods: In this case-control study, a total of 85 pregnant women, were included in the study, of whom 55 had gingivitis: 25 preterm deliveries and 30 full-term deliveries. Thirty healthy pregnant women with healthy gingiva were in the control group. They were selected from Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital for Gynecology and Pediatrics, from November 2022 to May 2023. Blood samples were collected from all participants and the biomarkers cytokines were detected by immunosorbent assay ( ) kits. Results: The current study showed an increased level of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in the pre-term delivery gingivitis group followed by full-term-delivery pregnant groups having gingivitis compared with the control group, with statistically highly significant differences ( ). Conclusion: Pregnant women with gingivitis with the highest levels of Interlukine-6 and Interlukine-8 were more prone to have premature delivery than those with lower levels of Interleukins and those without gingivitis. Received: June, 2023 Accepted: Aug, 2023 Published: Jan..2024
{"title":"Changes in levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the Serum of Preterm Delivery Pregnant Women Affected by Gingivitis","authors":"Shaden Husham, Ghada Taha","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2152","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Periodontal disease increases local and systemic inflammatory responses in pregnant women, which may lead to premature delivery.\u0000Objectives: To detect maternal serum levels of proinflammatory cytokine (Interleukine-6, Interleukin-8) with preterm delivery in pregnant women suffering from gingivitis.\u0000Cases and methods: In this case-control study, a total of 85 pregnant women, were included in the study, of whom 55 had gingivitis: 25 preterm deliveries and 30 full-term deliveries. Thirty healthy pregnant women with healthy gingiva were in the control group. They were selected from Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital for Gynecology and Pediatrics, from November 2022 to May 2023. Blood samples were collected from all participants and the biomarkers cytokines were detected by immunosorbent assay ( ) kits.\u0000Results: The current study showed an increased level of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in the pre-term delivery gingivitis group followed by full-term-delivery pregnant groups having gingivitis compared with the control group, with statistically highly significant differences ( ).\u0000Conclusion: Pregnant women with gingivitis with the highest levels of Interlukine-6 and Interlukine-8 were more prone to have premature delivery than those with lower levels of Interleukins and those without gingivitis.\u0000Received: June, 2023\u0000Accepted: Aug, 2023\u0000Published: Jan..2024\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":516152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139456992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2126
Ahmed Zaid, Hedef Dhafer Al-Yassin
Correlation of Serum levels of Chromium, Copper, and Manganese with the Glucose levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Ira Background: The metabolism of many trace elements such as chromium, copper, and manganese were reported to be altered in type 2 diabetes militates. This element may have specific roles in the pathogenesis and progress of this disease. Objectives: To evaluate the serum levels of copper, chromium, and manganese in type 2 diabetic patients in Iraq. Patients and Methods: This case-control study included 100 type 2 diabetic patients, 35-60 years old, with high BMI as cases, and 100 non-diabetic subjects as controls who were healthy volunteers not suffering from type 2 diabetes (staff and student). The data was collected from October 2022 until January 2023. The cases were seen in the Diabetes Consultation Unit / Baghdad Teaching Hospital / Medical City. Serum chromium, copper, and manganese were measured using atomic absorption. ELISA was used to test for insulin. spectrophotometry to measure glucose and HPLC was used to measure whole-blood HbA1c. Insulin resistance was calculated using the semi-empirical formula: HOMA-IR = glucose * insulin / 405 (glucose in mg/dl). To test for the difference between means of numerical data across several parameters, ANOVA tests were utilized. Pearson’s. correlation was used to test the correlation between variables. Results: Diabetics had higher HbA1c, serum copper (P value<0.01), and blood glucose than healthy controls. Compared to controls, diabetics had lower serum chromium (P value<0.01) and manganese (P value < 0.01). In diabetics, chromium and manganese are highly negatively correlated with insulin resistance. Copper levels increase with increasing insulin resistance. Insulin levels were greater in type 2 diabetics (18.6 ± 4.1mlU/L) than in the control (6.2 ± 1.3) (p <0.01). Conclusions: Serum copper was high while serum chromium and manganese were low in type 2 diabetics. that indicates that these elements may have a role in the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes. Received: May, 2023 Accepted: Oct., 2023 Published: Jan., 2024
{"title":"Correlation of Serum levels of Chromium, Copper, and Manganese with the Glucose levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Iraq","authors":"Ahmed Zaid, Hedef Dhafer Al-Yassin","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2126","url":null,"abstract":"Correlation of Serum levels of Chromium, Copper, and Manganese with the Glucose levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Ira\u0000Background: The metabolism of many trace elements such as chromium, copper, and manganese were reported to be altered in type 2 diabetes militates. This element may have specific roles in the pathogenesis and progress of this disease.\u0000Objectives: To evaluate the serum levels of copper, chromium, and manganese in type 2 diabetic patients in Iraq. \u0000Patients and Methods: This case-control study included 100 type 2 diabetic patients, 35-60 years old, with high BMI as cases, and 100 non-diabetic subjects as controls who were healthy volunteers not suffering from type 2 diabetes (staff and student). The data was collected from October 2022 until January 2023. The cases were seen in the Diabetes Consultation Unit / Baghdad Teaching Hospital / Medical City. Serum chromium, copper, and manganese were measured using atomic absorption. ELISA was used to test for insulin. spectrophotometry to measure glucose and HPLC was used to measure whole-blood HbA1c. Insulin resistance was calculated using the semi-empirical formula: HOMA-IR = glucose * insulin / 405 (glucose in mg/dl). To test for the difference between means of numerical data across several parameters, ANOVA tests were utilized. Pearson’s. correlation was used to test the correlation between variables.\u0000Results: Diabetics had higher HbA1c, serum copper (P value<0.01), and blood glucose than healthy controls. Compared to controls, diabetics had lower serum chromium (P value<0.01) and manganese (P value < 0.01). In diabetics, chromium and manganese are highly negatively correlated with insulin resistance. Copper levels increase with increasing insulin resistance. Insulin levels were greater in type 2 diabetics (18.6 ± 4.1mlU/L) than in the control (6.2 ± 1.3) (p <0.01).\u0000Conclusions: Serum copper was high while serum chromium and manganese were low in type 2 diabetics. that indicates that these elements may have a role in the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes.\u0000Received: May, 2023\u0000Accepted: Oct., 2023\u0000Published: Jan., 2024\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":516152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139453334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2116
Zahraa Hasani, Ali F. Hassan
Background: A substance that can affect DNA or chromosomes is defined as a genotoxin. DNA damage in a somatic cell may result in a somatic mutation (cancer). In contrast, damage to a germ cell (germline mutation) may result in a heritable changed characteristic.Omega-7 is a non-essential monounsaturated free fatty acid with anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and antidiabetic effects. Objectives: Evaluation of the possible protective effects of omega seven against methotrexate genotoxicity. Method: Two major equal groups were obtained from seventy mice, and five subgroups (each of seven) were created from these groups as follows: Group I received liquid paraffin orally for seven successive days. Group II: received liquid paraffin orally for seven successive days, followed by a single intraperitoneal dose of methotrexate (20 mg/kg) on the eighth day. Group III: received omega-7 (50mg/kg) orally for seven successive days, followed by a single intraperitoneal dose of methotrexate (20 mg/kg) on the eighth day. Group IV: received omega-7 (100mg/kg) orally for seven successive days, followed by a single intraperitoneal dose of methotrexate (20 mg/kg) on the eighth day. Group V: received omega-7 (100mg/kg) orally for seven successive days. The first major group was intraperitoneally injected with 1mg/kg colchicine, and then after two hours, all mice were killed by spinal dislocation. Bone marrow cells from the first major group were used to measure the mitotic index and chromosomal aberrations, and bone marrow cell of the second group was used to measure the appearance of the micronucleus. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and ANOVA test were used to compare groups. Results: Treatment of mice with omega-7 led to a significant decline in chromosomal aberration and micronucleus aberrance with a significant elevation of the mitotic index. Conclusion: Omega-7 has been shown to have a protective role against methotrexate genotoxicity. Received: April, 2023 Accepted: July, 2023 Published: Jan.2024
背景：能影响 DNA 或染色体的物质被定义为基因毒性物质。体细胞的 DNA 受损可能导致体细胞突变（癌症）。与此相反，生殖细胞受损（生殖突变）可能会导致遗传性改变特征。欧米伽-7 是一种非必需的单不饱和游离脂肪酸，具有抗炎、抗肥胖和抗糖尿病作用：评估欧米伽 7 对甲氨蝶呤基因毒性的可能保护作用：方法：从七十只小鼠中分成两大组，每组七只小鼠，再从中分成以下五个亚组：第一组：连续七天口服液体石蜡。第二组：连续七天口服液体石蜡，第八天腹腔注射甲氨蝶呤（20 毫克/千克）。第三组：连续七天口服欧米伽-7（50 毫克/千克），第八天腹腔注射一次甲氨蝶呤（20 毫克/千克）。第四组：连续七天口服欧米伽-7（100 毫克/千克），第八天腹腔注射一次甲氨蝶呤（20 毫克/千克）。第五组：连续七天口服欧米伽-7（100 毫克/千克）。第一大组小鼠腹腔注射 1 毫克/千克秋水仙碱，两小时后，所有小鼠均被脊柱脱臼处死。第一大组的骨髓细胞用于测量有丝分裂指数和染色体畸变，第二大组的骨髓细胞用于测量微核的出现。采用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）和方差分析对各组进行比较：结果：用欧米茄-7治疗小鼠后，染色体畸变和微核畸变显著下降，有丝分裂指数显著上升：结论：欧米茄-7对甲氨蝶呤的遗传毒性具有保护作用：接受：2023年4月接受：2023年7月发表：2024年1月2024年1月
{"title":"Evaluation of the protective effect of Omega-7 against Methotrexate Genotoxicity in bone marrow Cells of Mice","authors":"Zahraa Hasani, Ali F. Hassan","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2116","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A substance that can affect DNA or chromosomes is defined as a genotoxin. DNA damage in a somatic cell may result in a somatic mutation (cancer). In contrast, damage to a germ cell (germline mutation) may result in a heritable changed characteristic.Omega-7 is a non-essential monounsaturated free fatty acid with anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and antidiabetic effects.\u0000Objectives: Evaluation of the possible protective effects of omega seven against methotrexate genotoxicity.\u0000Method: Two major equal groups were obtained from seventy mice, and five subgroups (each of seven) were created from these groups as follows: Group I received liquid paraffin orally for seven successive days. Group II: received liquid paraffin orally for seven successive days, followed by a single intraperitoneal dose of methotrexate (20 mg/kg) on the eighth day. Group III: received omega-7 (50mg/kg) orally for seven successive days, followed by a single intraperitoneal dose of methotrexate (20 mg/kg) on the eighth day. Group IV: received omega-7 (100mg/kg) orally for seven successive days, followed by a single intraperitoneal dose of methotrexate (20 mg/kg) on the eighth day. Group V: received omega-7 (100mg/kg) orally for seven successive days. The first major group was intraperitoneally injected with 1mg/kg colchicine, and then after two hours, all mice were killed by spinal dislocation. Bone marrow cells from the first major group were used to measure the mitotic index and chromosomal aberrations, and bone marrow cell of the second group was used to measure the appearance of the micronucleus. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and ANOVA test were used to compare groups.\u0000Results: Treatment of mice with omega-7 led to a significant decline in chromosomal aberration and micronucleus aberrance with a significant elevation of the mitotic index.\u0000Conclusion: Omega-7 has been shown to have a protective role against methotrexate genotoxicity.\u0000Received: April, 2023\u0000Accepted: July, 2023\u0000Published: Jan.2024","PeriodicalId":516152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139453872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2151
Raghad Alkzaz, Hanan Loay Al-Omary
Background: Migraine is a common debilitating disorder characterized by attacks of mostly unilateral, moderate to severe, throbbingheadaches. The diagnosis of migraine is made according to the third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders developed by the International Headache Society. There are several types of migraine, the most common of which are migraine without aura and migraine with aura. Objectives: This study aims to find the correlations between quantitative EEG changes and cognition in migraine patients. Patients and Methods: The study included 20 migraine patients,10 during pain attack (ictal phase) and 10 during pain-free period (inter-ictal), in addition to18 healthy controls.Montreal cognitive assessment and 20 minutes scalp EEG were done. After that, four seconds epochs were taken from the EEG record to find the powerspectral density (PSD) for each of the waves in the range of[detlaδ(0.5-4)Hz, theta θ(4-8)Hz, alpha α (8-12)Hz,and beta β (12-30)Hz]. The study was conducted in Al-Shaheed Ghazi Al-Hariri Hospital in Baghdad from October 1, 2022, to May 1, 2023. Results: Quantitative EEG analysis revealed that there is a significant decrease in theta and beta waves in descending pattern from control to inter-ictal and then to ictal migraine patientswhile alpha wave increased in ascending pattern from control to inter-ictal to ictal migraine patients. In cognition, there was a significant difference between controls and migraine patients in recall memory, language, and abstraction domains. Conclusions: Quantitative EEG findings suggest that alpha waves correlate negatively with cognition, while both theta and beta waves correlate positively with cognitive level. Received: June,, 2022 Accepted: Oct. 2023 Published: Jan.2024
{"title":"Correlation between Cognition and Quantitative EEG Changes in Patients with Migraine","authors":"Raghad Alkzaz, Hanan Loay Al-Omary","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2151","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Migraine is a common debilitating disorder characterized by attacks of mostly unilateral, moderate to severe, throbbingheadaches. The diagnosis of migraine is made according to the third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders developed by the International Headache Society. There are several types of migraine, the most common of which are migraine without aura and migraine with aura.\u0000Objectives: This study aims to find the correlations between quantitative EEG changes and cognition in migraine patients.\u0000Patients and Methods: The study included 20 migraine patients,10 during pain attack (ictal phase) and 10 during pain-free period (inter-ictal), in addition to18 healthy controls.Montreal cognitive assessment and 20 minutes scalp EEG were done. After that, four seconds epochs were taken from the EEG record to find the powerspectral density (PSD) for each of the waves in the range of[detlaδ(0.5-4)Hz, theta θ(4-8)Hz, alpha α (8-12)Hz,and beta β (12-30)Hz]. The study was conducted in Al-Shaheed Ghazi Al-Hariri Hospital in Baghdad from October 1, 2022, to May 1, 2023.\u0000Results: Quantitative EEG analysis revealed that there is a significant decrease in theta and beta waves in descending pattern from control to inter-ictal and then to ictal migraine patientswhile alpha wave increased in ascending pattern from control to inter-ictal to ictal migraine patients. In cognition, there was a significant difference between controls and migraine patients in recall memory, language, and abstraction domains.\u0000Conclusions: Quantitative EEG findings suggest that alpha waves correlate negatively with cognition, while both theta and beta waves correlate positively with cognitive level.\u0000Received: June,, 2022\u0000Accepted: Oct. 2023\u0000Published: Jan.2024\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":516152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139456697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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