Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2071
Hani Alraeai, Hadeer Kh. Hasan, Zainab A. Abdulameer, Qusay Y. Hamad
Background: The management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) must take mental health into account because it might be difficult to find the best therapies and mental health resources. Anxiety and depression are the two psychological illnesses that IBD patients experience most frequently. The growing incidence of these mental illnesses encourages mental screening of every IBD patient at the initial session. There are easy-to-use, scientifically effective screening techniques for mental health issues. As important as or even more so than a therapy modality may be psychological techniques. Objective: To assess the level of depression among IBD patients in the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Specialized Hospital, Medical City, Ministry of Health and Environment. Patients and methods: The patients were provided with the three-page Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) as a self-administrated tool to learn more about their health. When completed, the doctor scans the completed questionnaire, verifies the "yes" responses, and then applies the diagnostic algorithms, which are briefly listed at the bottom of each page. This study was conducted on 98 patients with IBD attending the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Specialized Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad during the period from January – June 2022. Results: Of the total number of cases included in the study 47 (47.9%) were females and 51 (52.1%) were males. The highest frequency was for young adults, 48 cases (49%), and the lowest was for children, 9 (9.2%). There were 43 cases with Ulcerative Colitis and 55 with Crohn's disease. According to the PHQ-9 score, 26 cases (26.5%) had mild scores and 9 (9.2%) cases had severe scores. The highest frequency of PHQ-9 scores was in the moderately severe range with 44 (44.9%). Conclusion: Mild and moderate levels of depression were the most prevalent among IBD patients across all age and sex groups, which should encourage physicians to address the mental health status of their patients and to include mental health care in the routine checkup of their patients. Received: Feb,, 2023 Accepted: Oct, 2023 Published: Jan.2024
{"title":"Assessment of Depression among IBD patients in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Specialized Hospital, Medical City, Iraq using the PHQ-9","authors":"Hani Alraeai, Hadeer Kh. Hasan, Zainab A. Abdulameer, Qusay Y. Hamad","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2071","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) must take mental health into account because it might be difficult to find the best therapies and mental health resources. Anxiety and depression are the two psychological illnesses that IBD patients experience most frequently. The growing incidence of these mental illnesses encourages mental screening of every IBD patient at the initial session. There are easy-to-use, scientifically effective screening techniques for mental health issues. As important as or even more so than a therapy modality may be psychological techniques.\u0000Objective: To assess the level of depression among IBD patients in the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Specialized Hospital, Medical City, Ministry of Health and Environment.\u0000Patients and methods: The patients were provided with the three-page Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) as a self-administrated tool to learn more about their health. When completed, the doctor scans the completed questionnaire, verifies the \"yes\" responses, and then applies the diagnostic algorithms, which are briefly listed at the bottom of each page. This study was conducted on 98 patients with IBD attending the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Specialized Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad during the period from January – June 2022.\u0000Results: Of the total number of cases included in the study 47 (47.9%) were females and 51 (52.1%) were males. The highest frequency was for young adults, 48 cases (49%), and the lowest was for children, 9 (9.2%). There were 43 cases with Ulcerative Colitis and 55 with Crohn's disease. According to the PHQ-9 score, 26 cases (26.5%) had mild scores and 9 (9.2%) cases had severe scores. The highest frequency of PHQ-9 scores was in the moderately severe range with 44 (44.9%).\u0000Conclusion: Mild and moderate levels of depression were the most prevalent among IBD patients across all age and sex groups, which should encourage physicians to address the mental health status of their patients and to include mental health care in the routine checkup of their patients.\u0000Received: Feb,, 2023\u0000Accepted: Oct, 2023\u0000Published: Jan.2024\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":516152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139457091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.1988
Shatha Mekki, Nawar S. Mohammed
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had effects beyond the respiratory system, impacting health and quality of life. Stress-related to the pandemic has led to temporary menstrual pattern changes in around one-third of women. These changes, likely driven by stress and anxiety, can result in problematic heavy bleeding, causing anemia and negatively affecting women's well-being. This also places a substantial socioeconomic burden on individuals, families, healthcare, and society. Objectives: This study examined the impact of COVID-19 infection on the hormone levels (estradiol, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone) and heavy menstrual bleeding in Iraqi premenopausal women infected for at least four months. Patients and Methods: This case-control study was conducted from November 2021 to April 2022, involving 100 married women aged 18 to 40. Participants were divided into two groups: 50 women with heavy bleeding post-COVID-19 infection (infection duration of at least four months) and 50 non-infected women. Results: Comparing the Mean ± SD of the two groups, showed that the LH levels were statistically highly significant in women who suffered heavy bleeding post-COVID-19 infection compared to non-COVID-19 women, with a p-value of 0.000. There was no statistically significant difference in FSH levels between the two groups. The PRL levels were significantly higher for women who suffered substantial bleeding following COVID-19 infection compared to non-COVID-19 women, with a p-value of 0.003. Moreover, The E2 was significantly higher in women who suffered excessive bleeding following COVID-19 infection than non-infected women. Conclusion: This study suggests that COVID-19 may temporarily disrupt menstrual patterns, possibly due to stress and anxiety affecting the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis. This disruption can manifest as elevated levels of gonad hormones (LH, PRL, and E2) and, in some cases, lead to heavy bleeding after a coronavirus infection. Received Oct. 2022 Accepted Oct. 2023 Published Jan. 2024
{"title":"The Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Gonadal Hormonal Hunctions in Iraqi Wome","authors":"Shatha Mekki, Nawar S. Mohammed","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.1988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.1988","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had effects beyond the respiratory system, impacting health and quality of life. Stress-related to the pandemic has led to temporary menstrual pattern changes in around one-third of women. These changes, likely driven by stress and anxiety, can result in problematic heavy bleeding, causing anemia and negatively affecting women's well-being. This also places a substantial socioeconomic burden on individuals, families, healthcare, and society.\u0000Objectives: This study examined the impact of COVID-19 infection on the hormone levels (estradiol, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone) and heavy menstrual bleeding in Iraqi premenopausal women infected for at least four months.\u0000Patients and Methods: This case-control study was conducted from November 2021 to April 2022, involving 100 married women aged 18 to 40. Participants were divided into two groups: 50 women with heavy bleeding post-COVID-19 infection (infection duration of at least four months) and 50 non-infected women.\u0000Results: Comparing the Mean ± SD of the two groups, showed that the LH levels were statistically highly significant in women who suffered heavy bleeding post-COVID-19 infection compared to non-COVID-19 women, with a p-value of 0.000. There was no statistically significant difference in FSH levels between the two groups. The PRL levels were significantly higher for women who suffered substantial bleeding following COVID-19 infection compared to non-COVID-19 women, with a p-value of 0.003. Moreover, The E2 was significantly higher in women who suffered excessive bleeding following COVID-19 infection than non-infected women.\u0000Conclusion: This study suggests that COVID-19 may temporarily disrupt menstrual patterns, possibly due to stress and anxiety affecting the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis. This disruption can manifest as elevated levels of gonad hormones (LH, PRL, and E2) and, in some cases, lead to heavy bleeding after a coronavirus infection.\u0000Received Oct. 2022\u0000Accepted Oct. 2023\u0000Published Jan. 2024\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":516152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139457519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.1952
Hajer Walid, Ghid H Abdulhadi, Mohammad H Munshid
Background: Cardiovascular complications represent one of the consequences of chronic autoimmune diseases such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), which has significant rates of morbidity and mortality. Dyslipidemia can be brought on by steroid medications, which are frequently given to SLE patients and are considered to be one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Objectives: This study attempted to investigate a potential association between circulating vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) as risk factors for atherosclerosis and their relationship to cardiovascular risk. Patients and methods: A total of 100 patients and 50 apparently healthy controls were included in the study. All patients were from the Department of Rheumatology, Baghdad Hospital / Medical City during the period from 1 December 2021 to 1 March 2022 who were all treated with antimalarial drugs as immunosuppressants such as chloroquine (CQ) or hydroxychloroquine HCQ). They were divided according to the SLE disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) into the active group (SLEDAI ≥ 10) and the inactive group (SLEDAI). Results: Serum VCAM and ICAM were significantly high in all study groups of SLE patients. The VCAM mean ± SD were (271.9±63.90), (247.9±82.92) and (97.7±24.69) in the active, inactive controls respectively. The ICAM mean ± SD were (3.1±0.91), (2.7±0.79) and (1.8±0.22) in the active, inactive and controls respectively. The values have increased gradually with increasing disease activity. The area under curve (AUC) of ICAM and VCAM were (0.802), (0.776) in active SLE patients and (0.858), (0.674) in inactive SLE patients. However, the AUC of VCAM and ICAM in active group were the highest. Conclusion: In SLE patients, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 serum levels may operate as disease detection and severity differentiation indicators, and they may be linked to the number of coronary lesions in people at risk of developing CVD. Received: Aug.,2022 Accepted: Sept., 2022 Published: April 2023
{"title":"Levels of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in serum of active and inactive Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients as biochemical markers for risk of cardiovascular disease","authors":"Hajer Walid, Ghid H Abdulhadi, Mohammad H Munshid","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.1952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.1952","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cardiovascular complications represent one of the consequences of chronic autoimmune diseases such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), which has significant rates of morbidity and mortality. Dyslipidemia can be brought on by steroid medications, which are frequently given to SLE patients and are considered to be one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.\u0000Objectives: This study attempted to investigate a potential association between circulating vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) as risk factors for atherosclerosis and their relationship to cardiovascular risk.\u0000Patients and methods: A total of 100 patients and 50 apparently healthy controls were included in the study. All patients were from the Department of Rheumatology, Baghdad Hospital / Medical City during the period from 1 December 2021 to 1 March 2022 who were all treated with antimalarial drugs as immunosuppressants such as chloroquine (CQ) or hydroxychloroquine HCQ). They were divided according to the SLE disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) into the active group (SLEDAI ≥ 10) and the inactive group (SLEDAI).\u0000Results: Serum VCAM and ICAM were significantly high in all study groups of SLE patients. The VCAM mean ± SD were (271.9±63.90), (247.9±82.92) and (97.7±24.69) in the active, inactive controls respectively. The ICAM mean ± SD were (3.1±0.91), (2.7±0.79) and (1.8±0.22) in the active, inactive and controls respectively. The values have increased gradually with increasing disease activity. The area under curve (AUC) of ICAM and VCAM were (0.802), (0.776) in active SLE patients and (0.858), (0.674) in inactive SLE patients. However, the AUC of VCAM and ICAM in active group were the highest.\u0000Conclusion: In SLE patients, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 serum levels may operate as disease detection and severity differentiation indicators, and they may be linked to the number of coronary lesions in people at risk of developing CVD.\u0000Received: Aug.,2022\u0000Accepted: Sept., 2022\u0000Published: April 2023\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":516152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139396141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2145
Hiba Ayad Aziz, Entidhar J. Al-Akkam
Background: Telmisartan is an antihypertensive angiotensin II receptor antagonist drug commonly used to treat hypertension and renal disease. Based on the Biopharmaceutical Classification System. It’s a Class II poorly soluble drug. Objective: To prepare a sublingual tablet by increasing the dissolution and solubility of Telmisartan utilizing the solid dispersion method. Methods: Three methods were obtained to prepare the solid dispersion of telmisartan: solvent evaporation, Kneading, and microwave method. Each method uses surplus as a hydrophilic carrier in different ratios of 1%, 2%, and 3%. Preparation of ternary solid dispersion by adding potassium carbonate salt to the binary solid dispersion. After that preparing the sublingual tablets by applying a direct compression method, using different types and ratios of superdisintegrants such as crospovidone, croscarmellose and sodium starch glycolate in 5% and 10%. Study the evaluation tests of sublingual tablets, such as friability, hardness, disintegration time and dissolution time. Results: The solid dispersion showed an improvement in solubility over the pure medication. The best result was obtained with the formula (Telmisartan, soluplus and k2co3 salt at 1:1:0.3 ratio) prepared by microwave method, in this method and the high ratio of soluplus, the solubility increased more than the solvent evaporation and kneading method. The selected tablet is prepared using crospovidone 10% as a superdisintegrant that appears disintegration time in 5 seconds and releases in 1 min in dissolution media. Conclusion: The solubility and dissolution of Telmisartan were improved by microwave-based ternary solid dispersion using hydrophilic carriers and salt in a ratio of 1:1:0.3 (drug: carrier: salt). The analysis exerts the increases in wettability, enhanced solubility, and dissolution due to conversion from crystal to amorphous state. Received May. 2023 Accepted Aug. 2023 Published Jan. 2024
{"title":"Preparation and Evaluation of Telmisartan Solid Dispersion as Sublingual Tablets","authors":"Hiba Ayad Aziz, Entidhar J. Al-Akkam","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2145","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Telmisartan is an antihypertensive angiotensin II receptor antagonist drug commonly used to treat hypertension and renal disease. Based on the Biopharmaceutical Classification System. It’s a Class II poorly soluble drug.\u0000Objective: To prepare a sublingual tablet by increasing the dissolution and solubility of Telmisartan utilizing the solid dispersion method.\u0000Methods: Three methods were obtained to prepare the solid dispersion of telmisartan: solvent evaporation, Kneading, and microwave method. Each method uses surplus as a hydrophilic carrier in different ratios of 1%, 2%, and 3%. Preparation of ternary solid dispersion by adding potassium carbonate salt to the binary solid dispersion. After that preparing the sublingual tablets by applying a direct compression method, using different types and ratios of superdisintegrants such as crospovidone, croscarmellose and sodium starch glycolate in 5% and 10%.\u0000Study the evaluation tests of sublingual tablets, such as friability, hardness, disintegration time and dissolution time.\u0000Results: The solid dispersion showed an improvement in solubility over the pure medication. The best result was obtained with the formula (Telmisartan, soluplus and k2co3 salt at 1:1:0.3 ratio) prepared by microwave method, in this method and the high ratio of soluplus, the solubility increased more than the solvent evaporation and kneading method. The selected tablet is prepared using crospovidone 10% as a superdisintegrant that appears disintegration time in 5 seconds and releases in 1 min in dissolution media.\u0000Conclusion: The solubility and dissolution of Telmisartan were improved by microwave-based ternary solid dispersion using hydrophilic carriers and salt in a ratio of 1:1:0.3 (drug: carrier: salt). The analysis exerts the increases in wettability, enhanced solubility, and dissolution due to conversion from crystal to amorphous state.\u0000Received May. 2023\u0000Accepted Aug. 2023\u0000Published Jan. 2024\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":516152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139396165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2144
Balsam Aljabari, Nibal Hoobi
Background: Adolescent pregnancy is associated with major health consequences for adolescent pregnant women including medications and oral health problems such as dental caries and periodontal disease. Pregnancy is a unique state of physical, hormonal, and metabolic changes that can result in an oral cavity imbalance. Changes in salivary components and a decrease in salivary flow rate caused by an increase in progesterone may compromise saliva's protective effects, resulting in dental caries. Objectives: To evaluate dental caries experience in adolescent pregnancy. Method: A sample including 80 pregnant ladies were recruited in this study and categorized into a study group involving 40 primigravida adolescent females aged (15-19)years old and a control group involving 40 primigravida women (20-32) years old who married at age 20 years or more, all of them in the second trimester of pregnancy. Unstimulated salivary samples were collected, salivary flow rate, pH, and dental caries experience were assessed. Saliva samples were analyzed to estimate salivary lactoferrin concentration. Results: The mean (±sd) of decayed surface of the study group was (11.850±0.669) compared to (9.425±1.015) of the control group (p=0.049) and the level of salivary lactoferrin of the study group was (8.071± 0.558) compared to (6.610±0.447) of the control group (p=0.044), while the mean (±sd) of salivary flow rate of the study group was (0.349±0.020) compared to (0.540±0.157) of the control group (p=0.231) and the mean (±sd) salivary pH was (5.935±0.053) ) compared to (5.995±0.153) of the control group (p=0.712). Conclusion: Adolescent pregnancy is linked to increased dental caries experience by altering salivary characteristics, including lactoferrin levels. Received: June, 2023 Accepted: Aug, 2023 Published: Jan..2024
{"title":"Effect of Adolescent Pregnancy on Dental Caries Experience and Selected Salivary Physicochemical Characteristics","authors":"Balsam Aljabari, Nibal Hoobi","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2144","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adolescent pregnancy is associated with major health consequences for adolescent pregnant women including medications and oral health problems such as dental caries and periodontal disease. Pregnancy is a unique state of physical, hormonal, and metabolic changes that can result in an oral cavity imbalance. Changes in salivary components and a decrease in salivary flow rate caused by an increase in progesterone may compromise saliva's protective effects, resulting in dental caries.\u0000Objectives: To evaluate dental caries experience in adolescent pregnancy.\u0000Method: A sample including 80 pregnant ladies were recruited in this study and categorized into a study group involving 40 primigravida adolescent females aged (15-19)years old and a control group involving 40 primigravida women (20-32) years old who married at age 20 years or more, all of them in the second trimester of pregnancy. Unstimulated salivary samples were collected, salivary flow rate, pH, and dental caries experience were assessed. Saliva samples were analyzed to estimate salivary lactoferrin concentration.\u0000Results: The mean (±sd) of decayed surface of the study group was (11.850±0.669) compared to (9.425±1.015) of the control group (p=0.049) and the level of salivary lactoferrin of the study group was (8.071± 0.558) compared to (6.610±0.447) of the control group (p=0.044), while the mean (±sd) of salivary flow rate of the study group was (0.349±0.020) compared to (0.540±0.157) of the control group (p=0.231) and the mean (±sd) salivary pH was (5.935±0.053) ) compared to (5.995±0.153) of the control group (p=0.712).\u0000Conclusion: Adolescent pregnancy is linked to increased dental caries experience by altering salivary characteristics, including lactoferrin levels.\u0000Received: June, 2023\u0000Accepted: Aug, 2023\u0000Published: Jan..2024\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":516152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139457470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2118
Bareq E. Taha, Maysaa J. Majeed
Background Insulin works to control blood sugar levels by sending signals to liver, muscle and fat cells to bring in sugar out of the blood. Obesity, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia are only a few of the interconnected metabolic disorders that are frequently linked to these diseases. A statistical procedure called the Homeometric Assessment Model (HOMA) is used to determine the insulin resistance and pancreatic cell activity. (HOMA - IR). Both are determined using insulin and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), but utilizing different formulas. Although investigations based on a modified version of HOMA using connective peptide concentrate (C-peptide) are shown, they are extremely scarce. Objective: A study of the effect and help (TyG & HOMA-IR) of knowing insulin resistance and early detection of prediabetes. Subjects, Material, and Method: Analytical cross-sectional and cohort designs are the two types of statistical designs. The study was conducted on 160 volunteers, recruited at the beginning of the study and chosen from an age group based on the study data and the preliminary analysis, with ages ranging from (40-70 years). They were separated into two groups: the first group includes 80 individuals, after adopting an average body mass index of more than 25, who suffer from insulin resistance, and the second group includes 80 healthy individuals who do not suffer from insulin resistance and whose body mass index is less than 25. It was determined Blood glucose, lipid profile, and HBA1C using Cobas c111 on serum samples from both groups. Fasting insulin was determined using Cobas E411 and serum glycine using ELISA kits. Results: After conducting the statistical procedures for the results of the subjects for each of TyG, HOMA - IR, it was found that there was a significant change and p- value (0,00). Conclusion: HOMA-IR has had an important role in the evaluation, detection and prognosis of prediabetes. It also helps detect early complications associated with T2DM and helps determine the best treatment options. It also found that the TyG index beats the HOMA-IR for predicting prediabetes. It has the best potential for early detection and prevention of prediabetes
{"title":"Estimation of Insulin Resistance in Obese Adults in Baghdad","authors":"Bareq E. Taha, Maysaa J. Majeed","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2118","url":null,"abstract":"Background Insulin works to control blood sugar levels by sending signals to liver, muscle and fat cells to bring in sugar out of the blood. Obesity, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia are only a few of the interconnected metabolic disorders that are frequently linked to these diseases. A statistical procedure called the Homeometric Assessment Model (HOMA) is used to determine the insulin resistance and pancreatic cell activity. (HOMA - IR). Both are determined using insulin and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), but utilizing different formulas. Although investigations based on a modified version of HOMA using connective peptide concentrate (C-peptide) are shown, they are extremely scarce. \u0000Objective: A study of the effect and help (TyG & HOMA-IR) of knowing insulin resistance and early detection of prediabetes. \u0000Subjects, Material, and Method: Analytical cross-sectional and cohort designs are the two types of statistical designs. The study was conducted on 160 volunteers, recruited at the beginning of the study and chosen from an age group based on the study data and the preliminary analysis, with ages ranging from (40-70 years). They were separated into two groups: the first group includes 80 individuals, after adopting an average body mass index of more than 25, who suffer from insulin resistance, and the second group includes 80 healthy individuals who do not suffer from insulin resistance and whose body mass index is less than 25. It was determined Blood glucose, lipid profile, and HBA1C using Cobas c111 on serum samples from both groups. Fasting insulin was determined using Cobas E411 and serum glycine using ELISA kits. \u0000Results: After conducting the statistical procedures for the results of the subjects for each of TyG, HOMA - IR, it was found that there was a significant change and p- value (0,00). \u0000Conclusion: HOMA-IR has had an important role in the evaluation, detection and prognosis of prediabetes. It also helps detect early complications associated with T2DM and helps determine the best treatment options. It also found that the TyG index beats the HOMA-IR for predicting prediabetes. It has the best potential for early detection and prevention of prediabetes \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":516152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139458062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2130
Sally H. Abdulkareem, Abdulnasir H. Ameer
Background: Neuropathy stands out as the highest-prevalence diabetes-related complication, impacting no less than 50% of individuals with diabetes throughout their lifespan. As The most common reason for disability due to walking difficulties, foot ulcerations, and limb loss, DPN is worthy of study, and early diagnosis of DPN signs is required. Objectives: This study aims to aid in the identification of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) by determining the muscle thickness of the lower extremities in patients with DPN. Patients and Methods: The study included 24 subjects with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and 25 individuals as a control group, subdivided into 8 diabetic patients without DPN and 17 healthy individuals. Both control and DPN subjects underwent bilateral peroneal and tibial motor nerve conduction studies (NCS) and high-resolution muscle ultrasounds to measure muscle thickness. Abductor hallucis muscle (AH), extensor digitorum brevis muscle (EDB), extensor hallucis longus muscle (EHL), tibialis anterior muscle (TA), and rectus femoris muscle (RF) were evaluated on both sides using ultrasound. Results: Comparing the tested muscles to the control group, the study revealed a statistically significant decrease in the thickness of many of the muscles being tested when compared to the control group. Conclusions: These findings point to the possibility that quantitative muscle ultrasound could be beneficial in identifying muscle changes associated with DPN. It is necessary to conduct additional studies to verify the results in larger samples of diabetic patients. Keywords: Neuromuscular Ultrasound, Muscle Thickness, Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
{"title":"The Value of Muscle Thickness of Lower Limbs in Detection of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy","authors":"Sally H. Abdulkareem, Abdulnasir H. Ameer","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2130","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000Background: Neuropathy stands out as the highest-prevalence diabetes-related complication, impacting no less than 50% of individuals with diabetes throughout their lifespan. As The most common reason for disability due to walking difficulties, foot ulcerations, and limb loss, DPN is worthy of study, and early diagnosis of DPN signs is required. \u0000Objectives: This study aims to aid in the identification of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) by determining the muscle thickness of the lower extremities in patients with DPN. \u0000Patients and Methods: The study included 24 subjects with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and 25 individuals as a control group, subdivided into 8 diabetic patients without DPN and 17 healthy individuals. Both control and DPN subjects underwent bilateral peroneal and tibial motor nerve conduction studies (NCS) and high-resolution muscle ultrasounds to measure muscle thickness. Abductor hallucis muscle (AH), extensor digitorum brevis muscle (EDB), extensor hallucis longus muscle (EHL), tibialis anterior muscle (TA), and rectus femoris muscle (RF) were evaluated on both sides using ultrasound. \u0000Results: Comparing the tested muscles to the control group, the study revealed a statistically significant decrease in the thickness of many of the muscles being tested when compared to the control group. \u0000Conclusions: These findings point to the possibility that quantitative muscle ultrasound could be beneficial in identifying muscle changes associated with DPN. It is necessary to conduct additional studies to verify the results in larger samples of diabetic patients. \u0000Keywords: Neuromuscular Ultrasound, Muscle Thickness, Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy","PeriodicalId":516152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139453524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2124
Ahmed Abdalrazak Rasheed Al Dulaimy, Ghayath Abd Ali Shalal Al Dulaimy, Sadiq Mahdi Hussein Al Dulaimy
Abstract Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms are typical consequences in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). There is no apparent link between the clinical parameters of SLE patients and the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Objectives: to determine the incidence of neurological manifestations and the risks associated with them in SLE patients. Patients and Methods: This is a case-series study comprised 65 patients who visited the rheumatology Department at Baghdad Teaching Hospital/Medical City between January 2022 and February 2023. All patients' demographic and clinical data, including age, gender, disease duration, type and duration of treatment, general signs of the disease, and neurological and psychiatric manifestations of SLE, were collected. Laboratory data comprised plasma anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL), anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP). The cognitive dysfunction was assessed using the six-item cognitive impairment test (6CIT). Results: Out of 65 patients, 34 (52.3%) were found to have at least one neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) manifestation. Headache and depression were the most common NPSLE manifestation encountered in 36 patients (55.4%) followed by psychosis (21.5%), neuropathy (16.9%) and stroke and seizure (13.5%). In multivariate analysis, each of age >35 years (OR= 2.92, 95%CI= 1.12-34.2, p= 0.10), disease duration >5 years (4.45, 95%CI=1.23-28.43, p= 0.001), anti-phospholipid Abs (OR= 4.22, 95%CI= 1.17-89.38, p= 0.036), lupus nephritis (OR= 6.34, 95%CI= 1.27- 64.98, p= 0.029) and 6CIT>3 (OR= 5.83, 95%CI= 1.55- 21.87, p= 0.009) are independent predictors for NPSLE in patients with SLE. Conclusions: Neuropsychiatric manifestations developed in more than half of the SLE cases studied within up to six-year of disease duration. Headache and depression, psychosis and neuropathy are the most common NPSLE manifestations. Older age and longer disease duration are risk factors for development of NPSLE. Clinically, anti-phospholipid antibodies, lupus nephritis and a high score of the six-item cognitive impairment test (>8) are predictors for NPSLE. Received: May, 2023 Accepted: Sept., 2023 Published: Jan., 2024
{"title":"Evaluation of Neurological Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","authors":"Ahmed Abdalrazak Rasheed Al Dulaimy, Ghayath Abd Ali Shalal Al Dulaimy, Sadiq Mahdi Hussein Al Dulaimy","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2124","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000Abstract\u0000Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms are typical consequences in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). There is no apparent link between the clinical parameters of SLE patients and the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms.\u0000Objectives: to determine the incidence of neurological manifestations and the risks associated with them in SLE patients.\u0000Patients and Methods: This is a case-series study comprised 65 patients who visited the rheumatology Department at Baghdad Teaching Hospital/Medical City between January 2022 and February 2023. All patients' demographic and clinical data, including age, gender, disease duration, type and duration of treatment, general signs of the disease, and neurological and psychiatric manifestations of SLE, were collected. Laboratory data comprised plasma anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL), anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP). The cognitive dysfunction was assessed using the six-item cognitive impairment test (6CIT).\u0000Results: Out of 65 patients, 34 (52.3%) were found to have at least one neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) manifestation. Headache and depression were the most common NPSLE manifestation encountered in 36 patients (55.4%) followed by psychosis (21.5%), neuropathy (16.9%) and stroke and seizure (13.5%). In multivariate analysis, each of age >35 years (OR= 2.92, 95%CI= 1.12-34.2, p= 0.10), disease duration >5 years (4.45, 95%CI=1.23-28.43, p= 0.001), anti-phospholipid Abs (OR= 4.22, 95%CI= 1.17-89.38, p= 0.036), lupus nephritis (OR= 6.34, 95%CI= 1.27- 64.98, p= 0.029) and 6CIT>3 (OR= 5.83, 95%CI= 1.55- 21.87, p= 0.009) are independent predictors for NPSLE in patients with SLE.\u0000Conclusions: Neuropsychiatric manifestations developed in more than half of the SLE cases studied within up to six-year of disease duration. Headache and depression, psychosis and neuropathy are the most common NPSLE manifestations. Older age and longer disease duration are risk factors for development of NPSLE. Clinically, anti-phospholipid antibodies, lupus nephritis and a high score of the six-item cognitive impairment test (>8) are predictors for NPSLE.\u0000Received: May, 2023\u0000Accepted: Sept., 2023\u0000Published: Jan., 2024\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":516152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139453555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2140
Mustafa Mutashar, Dr. Manal Kamal Rasheed, Dr. Afraa Mahjoba Al-Naddawi
Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disease that affects approximately 15% of women of childbearing age worldwide. It is one of the causes of infertility and is characterized by hirsutism, acne, persistent or interrupted anovulation, and hyperandrogenemia. Neuregulin-4 (NRG-4) is an adipokine hormone from the protein neuregulin family. Its level is greater in PCOS than in control women, and Neuregulin-4 is linked to body fat percentage and liver fat, as well as insulin resistance (IR). Objectives: To estimate the serum NRG-4 levels in women diagnosed with (PCOS), to compare it with, non-PCOS healthy control and to explore the effect of hyperandrogenism on the obtained result. Patients and Methods: A case-control study was conducted in the Gynecology and the Infertility Clinics in Kut - Zahraa Hospital, Medical City, from September to December 2022. The study included 120 women aged (18-42) years, 60 of whom were diagnosed with polycystic ovaries, and the other 60 were in the control group. Results: Women with PCOS had a significantly higher NRG-4, LH, LH/FSH ratio, testosterone, free testosterone, and Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) than the control groups. In this study, NRG-4 was significantly higher in obese and overweight PCOS women than in normal-weight women. Conclusion: The mean serum NGR-4 concentration is significantly increased in women with PCOS and could be a part of metabolic syndrome. NGR-4 levels were associated with obesity, hyperandrogenism (testosterone, free testosterone, and DHAES) and may have a role in the development of PCOS. Received: May,, 2022 Accepted: Oct, 2023 Published: Jan.2024
{"title":"Association of Neuregulin-4 levels and body mass index with hyperandrogenism in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome patients","authors":"Mustafa Mutashar, Dr. Manal Kamal Rasheed, Dr. Afraa Mahjoba Al-Naddawi","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2140","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disease that affects approximately 15% of women of childbearing age worldwide. It is one of the causes of infertility and is characterized by hirsutism, acne, persistent or interrupted anovulation, and hyperandrogenemia. Neuregulin-4 (NRG-4) is an adipokine hormone from the protein neuregulin family. Its level is greater in PCOS than in control women, and Neuregulin-4 is linked to body fat percentage and liver fat, as well as insulin resistance (IR).\u0000Objectives: To estimate the serum NRG-4 levels in women diagnosed with (PCOS), to compare it with, non-PCOS healthy control and to explore the effect of hyperandrogenism on the obtained result.\u0000Patients and Methods: A case-control study was conducted in the Gynecology and the Infertility Clinics in Kut - Zahraa Hospital, Medical City, from September to December 2022. The study included 120 women aged (18-42) years, 60 of whom were diagnosed with polycystic ovaries, and the other 60 were in the control group.\u0000Results: Women with PCOS had a significantly higher NRG-4, LH, LH/FSH ratio, testosterone, free testosterone, and Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) than the control groups. In this study, NRG-4 was significantly higher in obese and overweight PCOS women than in normal-weight women.\u0000Conclusion: The mean serum NGR-4 concentration is significantly increased in women with PCOS and could be a part of metabolic syndrome. NGR-4 levels were associated with obesity, hyperandrogenism (testosterone, free testosterone, and DHAES) and may have a role in the development of PCOS.\u0000Received: May,, 2022\u0000Accepted: Oct, 2023\u0000Published: Jan.2024","PeriodicalId":516152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139456981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2129
Abdulnaser Mahmood Mohammed, Amer Ammash Hussien, Abdulrahman Mahmood Mohammed
J. Fac. Med. Baghdad 2023. Vol 65, No. 4 Background: Obesity is a major public health concern and is on the rise worldwide. Numerous studies revealed that the best method for treating morbid obesity is bariatric surgery, which has indicated its effectiveness in controlling weight. Published studies reported that patients who had undergone bariatric surgery may have psychiatric illnesses when compared to other obese individuals with similar preoperative characteristics. Objectives: Estimate the rates of anxiety and depression among post-operative bariatric surgery patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study on 61 patients was conducted at the bariatric clinic in the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Baghdad teaching hospital and the Private Nursing Home Hospital in Medical city, Baghdad-Iraq from 1st of April to the 30th of December 2021. Generalized Anxiety Assessment – 7 (GAD-7) Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire – 9 (PHQ-9) scale were applied to assess these conditions. Results: The prevalence of depression among the studied patients was 32.8%, while the prevalence of anxiety was 44.3%. Marital status, diabetes mellitus, post-operative BMI, and past psychiatric history were significantly associated with depression, P value < 0.05. Chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus and hypertension), post-operative BMI,nd psychiatric history were significantly associated with anxiety, P value<0.05. Conclusions: Anxiety was found to be more common than depression among patients who underwent bariatric surgery. Variables predicting both depression and anxiety were diabetes mellitus, post-operative severe obesity, and a history of psychiatric disorders before surgery. Received May. 2023 Accepted July 2023 Published Jan. 2023
{"title":"Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms among Post Bariatric Surgery Patients in Baghdad-Iraq","authors":"Abdulnaser Mahmood Mohammed, Amer Ammash Hussien, Abdulrahman Mahmood Mohammed","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2129","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000J. Fac. Med. Baghdad\u00002023. Vol 65, No. 4\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Background: Obesity is a major public health concern and is on the rise worldwide. Numerous studies revealed that the best method for treating morbid obesity is bariatric surgery, which has indicated its effectiveness in controlling weight. Published studies reported that patients who had undergone bariatric surgery may have psychiatric illnesses when compared to other obese individuals with similar preoperative characteristics.\u0000Objectives: Estimate the rates of anxiety and depression among post-operative bariatric surgery patients.\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study on 61 patients was conducted at the bariatric clinic in the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Baghdad teaching hospital and the Private Nursing Home Hospital in Medical city, Baghdad-Iraq from 1st of April to the 30th of December 2021. Generalized Anxiety Assessment – 7 (GAD-7) Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire – 9 (PHQ-9) scale were applied to assess these conditions.\u0000Results: The prevalence of depression among the studied patients was 32.8%, while the prevalence of anxiety was 44.3%. Marital status, diabetes mellitus, post-operative BMI, and past psychiatric history were significantly associated with depression, P value < 0.05. Chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus and hypertension), post-operative BMI,nd psychiatric history were significantly associated with anxiety, P value<0.05.\u0000Conclusions: Anxiety was found to be more common than depression among patients who underwent bariatric surgery. Variables predicting both depression and anxiety were diabetes mellitus, post-operative severe obesity, and a history of psychiatric disorders before surgery.\u0000Received May. 2023\u0000Accepted July 2023\u0000Published Jan. 2023\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":516152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139454359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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