Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-10-24DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.10.008
Meredith H. Fishleder , Cathy L. Hannafin MBA/HCM, RN, CPHQ , Lisa M. Ponce MS, RT(R) , Chloe Reyes , Jonathan A. Flug MD, MBA , Logan P. Haug MD , Nelly Tan MD
The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires radiology residents to engage in an annual safety event that leads to actionable changes in residency programs. Root cause analysis (RCA) is frequently used to fulfill this requirement. Because actual RCA is rare, simulations are a suitable alternative. We evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of using simulated RCA curriculum to meet the ACGME safety requirement. During the 2023-2024 academic year, quality improvement staff in the radiology department developed a simulated RCA and invited radiology residents to participate in the training event. Four allied health radiology staff were present to ensure realism. The case scenario involved a computed tomography–guided lung biopsy that resulted in a pneumothorax. During a 1 h session, residents analyzed the scenario, identified root causes, proposed actions, and created an action plan. Before and after the event, participants were asked to complete surveys regarding their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to RCA events by using a 5-point Likert scale, and top box scores were compared. Of 18 residents, 11 (61%) attended. Comparison of presurvey and postsurvey top box scores showed that comfort with RCA event participation significantly increased from 6% to 44% (P = .04). Furthermore, knowledge of what to expect from an RCA event significantly increased from 6% to 56% (P = .01). The ability to identify system issues also significantly increased from 6% to 44% (P = .04). Simulated RCA events are effective for meeting ACGME safety improvement requirements and enhance resident soft skills essential for patient care.
{"title":"Exploring the feasibility and effectiveness of simulated root cause analysis for radiology training","authors":"Meredith H. Fishleder , Cathy L. Hannafin MBA/HCM, RN, CPHQ , Lisa M. Ponce MS, RT(R) , Chloe Reyes , Jonathan A. Flug MD, MBA , Logan P. Haug MD , Nelly Tan MD","doi":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires radiology residents to engage in an annual safety event that leads to actionable changes in residency programs. Root cause analysis (RCA) is frequently used to fulfill this requirement. Because actual RCA is rare, simulations are a suitable alternative. We evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of using simulated RCA curriculum to meet the ACGME safety requirement. During the 2023-2024 academic year, quality improvement staff in the radiology department developed a simulated RCA and invited radiology residents to participate in the training event. Four allied health radiology staff were present to ensure realism. The case scenario involved a computed tomography–guided lung biopsy that resulted in a pneumothorax. During a 1 h session, residents analyzed the scenario, identified root causes, proposed actions, and created an action plan. Before and after the event, participants were asked to complete surveys regarding their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to RCA events by using a 5-point Likert scale, and top box scores were compared. Of 18 residents, 11 (61%) attended. Comparison of presurvey and postsurvey top box scores showed that comfort with RCA event participation significantly increased from 6% to 44% (<em>P</em> = .04). Furthermore, knowledge of what to expect from an RCA event significantly increased from 6% to 56% (<em>P</em> = .01). The ability to identify system issues also significantly increased from 6% to 44% (<em>P</em> = .04). Simulated RCA events are effective for meeting ACGME safety improvement requirements and enhance resident soft skills essential for patient care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51617,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"55 2","pages":"Pages 181-184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145433464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this systematic review is to highlight the reasons for a significant underrepresentation of women in radiology. We systematically examined the gender disparity within radiology across career stages, including medical school, residency training, and faculty positions. A comprehensive literature analysis was conducted to identify the determinants influencing female medical students' and physicians' pursuit of radiology.
Despite women making up approximately half of medical school graduates, their representation in radiology remains disproportionately low. Contributing factors include a scarcity of female mentors and insufficient exposure to radiology during medical training, leading to persistent misconceptions about the specialty. Additionally, female radiology faculty members encounter challenges, including gender bias and difficulty advancing in leadership positions, which contribute to professional dissatisfaction. Strategies like the formation of Women in Radiology groups and institutional initiatives have been established to increase mentorship for female trainees and progression of faculty in their careers.
The underrepresentation of women is a concern that warrants attention due to the unique collaborative and empathetic dimensions that women contribute to patient care and education. Throughout their careers, women encounter numerous obstacles that affect their exposure to, involvement in, and satisfaction with the field. Addressing these barriers is crucial for enhancing the presence and influence of women in radiology.
{"title":"Understanding the significant underrepresentation of women in radiology","authors":"Veena Peraka B.S., Karuna Raj M.D., Julie Champine M.D., Bersu Ozcan M.D., Basak Dogan M.D.","doi":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.09.018","DOIUrl":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.09.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this systematic review is to highlight the reasons for a significant underrepresentation of women in radiology. We systematically examined the gender disparity within radiology across career stages, including medical school, residency training, and faculty positions. A comprehensive literature analysis was conducted to identify the determinants influencing female medical students' and physicians' pursuit of radiology.</div><div>Despite women making up approximately half of medical school graduates, their representation in radiology remains disproportionately low. Contributing factors include a scarcity of female mentors and insufficient exposure to radiology during medical training, leading to persistent misconceptions about the specialty. Additionally, female radiology faculty members encounter challenges, including gender bias and difficulty advancing in leadership positions, which contribute to professional dissatisfaction. Strategies like the formation of Women in Radiology groups and institutional initiatives have been established to increase mentorship for female trainees and progression of faculty in their careers.</div><div>The underrepresentation of women is a concern that warrants attention due to the unique collaborative and empathetic dimensions that women contribute to patient care and education. Throughout their careers, women encounter numerous obstacles that affect their exposure to, involvement in, and satisfaction with the field. Addressing these barriers is crucial for enhancing the presence and influence of women in radiology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51617,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"55 2","pages":"Pages 194-199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To evaluate the perception of clinical faculty and staff on the discontinuation of routine gonadal shielding for diagnostic imaging procedures and assess the impact of targeted educational intervention on awareness and comfort levels.
Methods
A pre-post survey study was conducted among radiology and non-radiology staff involved in imaging operations at a large academic center. A pre-rollout survey (August 2023) established baseline awareness and attitudes toward gonadal shielding discontinuation, while a post-rollout survey (August 2024) reassessed these measures following policy implementation while also assessing the impact of educational outreach. The surveys included Likert-scale questions on comfort levels, policy awareness, and perceived preparedness, along with open-ended responses for qualitative analysis. Educational interventions included email communications, online FAQs, informational flyers, and live Q&A sessions. Cumulative logit models evaluated changes in responses, and subgroup analyses examined differences based on departmental affiliation and years of experience.
Results
Of 266 pre-rollout and 188 post-rollout responses, awareness of shielding discontinuation guidelines significantly increased post-rollout (26% to 75%, p < 0.0001), with radiology-affiliated staff demonstrating higher awareness than non-radiology staff (91% vs. 45%). Complete comfort with discontinuation improved significantly (28% to 49%, p < 0.0001), with radiology staff experiencing a larger shift (p = 0.045). The need for more information was the main driver of discomfort pre-rollout (49%), dropping to 26% post-rollout. However, concerns regarding pediatric and pregnant patient populations remained consistent despite educational efforts.
Conclusion
Educational and communication initiatives increased awareness and improved comfort levels for hospital staff after gonadal shielding discontinuation. Concerns remain around how to best communicate this change to patients and whether patients will accept the end of decades-long routine shielding practices.
{"title":"Faculty and staff attitudes towards discontinuation of routine gonadal shielding: perceptions before and after policy change in an academic medical center","authors":"Obaidah Bitar MD, Aparna Joshi MD, FACR, Tresa Griffith, Sarah Clos, Ashok Srinivasan MD, FACR, Emily Bellile, Gunjan Malhotra MD","doi":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.08.011","DOIUrl":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.08.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the perception of clinical faculty and staff on the discontinuation of routine gonadal shielding for diagnostic imaging procedures and assess the impact of targeted educational intervention on awareness and comfort levels.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A pre-post survey study was conducted among radiology and non-radiology staff involved in imaging operations at a large academic center. A pre-rollout survey (August 2023) established baseline awareness and attitudes toward gonadal shielding discontinuation, while a post-rollout survey (August 2024) reassessed these measures following policy implementation while also assessing the impact of educational outreach. The surveys included Likert-scale questions on comfort levels, policy awareness, and perceived preparedness, along with open-ended responses for qualitative analysis. Educational interventions included email communications, online FAQs, informational flyers, and live Q&A sessions. Cumulative logit models evaluated changes in responses, and subgroup analyses examined differences based on departmental affiliation and years of experience.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 266 pre-rollout and 188 post-rollout responses, awareness of shielding discontinuation guidelines significantly increased post-rollout (26% to 75%, p < 0.0001), with radiology-affiliated staff demonstrating higher awareness than non-radiology staff (91% vs. 45%). Complete comfort with discontinuation improved significantly (28% to 49%, p < 0.0001), with radiology staff experiencing a larger shift (p = 0.045). The need for more information was the main driver of discomfort pre-rollout (49%), dropping to 26% post-rollout. However, concerns regarding pediatric and pregnant patient populations remained consistent despite educational efforts.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Educational and communication initiatives increased awareness and improved comfort levels for hospital staff after gonadal shielding discontinuation. Concerns remain around how to best communicate this change to patients and whether patients will accept the end of decades-long routine shielding practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51617,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"55 2","pages":"Pages 188-193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144983622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-08-21DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.08.013
Samantha Snyder DO, Paras Patel DO, Elizabeth Ives MD, Robyn Roth MD, Catherine E. Loveland-Jones MDMS, Pauline Germaine DO
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an uncommon, locally aggressive breast cancer with rapid onset of symptoms and an unfavorable prognosis. Diagnosis remains challenging and is frequently delayed; imaging plays an important role in disease detection and characterization. Contrast Enhanced Mammography (CEM) combines conventional mammography with a dual energy technique utilizing iodinated contrast, producing a set of recombined images that demonstrate contrast enhancement similar to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at a fraction of the cost and time. Current applications of CEM include the evaluation of abnormal findings on screening mammography, monitoring response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and assessment for tumor recurrence. CEM is mostly utilized in patients who are unable to undergo MRI. To our knowledge, CEM applications in IBC are scarce in the published literature. The following cases provide additional information on CEM use in the setting of IBC, from staging to guiding subsequent procedures to treatment response evaluation, emphasizing imaging findings and lessons learned. These cases also highlight the feasibility of CEM use in the setting of IBC, with potential incorporation into the future protocols for those patients unable to undergo MRI.
{"title":"Inflammatory breast cancer: Can contrast enhanced mammography help? Case series and literature review","authors":"Samantha Snyder DO, Paras Patel DO, Elizabeth Ives MD, Robyn Roth MD, Catherine E. Loveland-Jones MDMS, Pauline Germaine DO","doi":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.08.013","DOIUrl":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.08.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an uncommon, locally aggressive breast cancer with rapid onset of symptoms and an unfavorable prognosis. Diagnosis remains challenging and is frequently delayed; imaging plays an important role in disease detection and characterization. Contrast Enhanced Mammography (CEM) combines conventional mammography with a dual energy technique utilizing iodinated contrast, producing a set of recombined images that demonstrate contrast enhancement similar to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at a fraction of the cost and time. Current applications of CEM include the evaluation of abnormal findings on screening mammography, monitoring response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and assessment for tumor recurrence. CEM is mostly utilized in patients who are unable to undergo MRI. To our knowledge, CEM applications in IBC are scarce in the published literature. The following cases provide additional information on CEM use in the setting of IBC, from staging to guiding subsequent procedures to treatment response evaluation, emphasizing imaging findings and lessons learned. These cases also highlight the feasibility of CEM use in the setting of IBC, with potential incorporation into the future protocols for those patients unable to undergo MRI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51617,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"55 2","pages":"Pages 333-338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144983657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-06-05DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.06.002
Divij Agarwal MD DNB , Ekta Dhamija MD , Devipriya S MBBS , Smriti Hari MD
Breast pain, or mastalgia, is an extremely common symptom among women, affecting over two-thirds of women during their lifetime. Although rarely linked to malignancy, breast pain often prompts women to seek medical consultation. While imaging is not always necessary, the selection of the radiological investigations should be guided by the type and characteristics of breast pain (cyclical, non-cyclical or focal pain), patient age, and associated clinical findings. The primary aim is to identify and appropriately manage the cause of pain, while excluding any underlying malignancy. The aim of this article is to delineate an effective algorithmic strategy for the workup of mastalgia, which is tailored to identify the cause for pain, while optimally utilizing the imaging tools.
{"title":"Imaging in mastalgia: What, when and why?","authors":"Divij Agarwal MD DNB , Ekta Dhamija MD , Devipriya S MBBS , Smriti Hari MD","doi":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breast pain<span>, or mastalgia, is an extremely common symptom among women, affecting over two-thirds of women during their lifetime. Although rarely linked to malignancy, breast pain often prompts women to seek medical consultation. While imaging is not always necessary, the selection of the radiological investigations should be guided by the type and characteristics of breast pain (cyclical, non-cyclical or focal pain), patient age, and associated clinical findings. The primary aim is to identify and appropriately manage the cause of pain, while excluding any underlying malignancy. The aim of this article is to delineate an effective algorithmic strategy for the workup of mastalgia, which is tailored to identify the cause for pain, while optimally utilizing the imaging tools.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":51617,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"55 2","pages":"Pages 298-310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-08-08DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.08.002
Ashkan Bahrami , Long H. Tu , Milad Ghanikolahloo , Zohreh Sadeghi , Armin Tafazolimoghadam , Mahan Farzan , Mobina Fathi , Yaser Khakpour , Arian Tavasol , Milad Alipour , Ahmad Shoja , Mobin Azami , Thomas Clifford , Ramtin Hajibeygi , Samra Iftikhar
Background
Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most prevalent cancers and is the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Recent evidence has demonstrated racial disparities in imaging utilization and, as a result, PC diagnosis.
Purpose
The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to quantify the disparity in utilization of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS) for PC diagnosis among different races (Whites, Blacks, Asians, Caucasians, Hispanics, and other races). Our study, however, focuses on disparities observed in the North American population, as most of the studies included were carried out in Canada and the United States.
Materials and methods
We carried out a systematic search in Google Scholar, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE databases. A total of 33 relevant articles published before August 2024 were included. We used Stata version 15 for statistical analysis. I2 statistics was employed to assess heterogeneity. Egger and Begg's tests evaluated any publication bias.
Results
A total of 33 articles collectively contained 94,020 cases with a mean age of 77.9 across six defined races (African-American or Black, White, Asians, Caucasians, Hispanics, and other races). Analysis demonstrated greater utilization of MRI in White patients 66 % (95 % CI: 0.59-0.73; I2 = 99.5 %),19 % (95 % CI: 0.17-0.22; I2 = 98.95 %) in Blacks, 67 % (95 % CI: 0.56-0.78; I2 = 98.99 %) in Caucasians, 7 % (95 % CI: 0.04-0.09; I2 = 97.55 %) in Hispanics, 4 % (95 % CI: 0.03-0.05; I2 = 86.53 %) in Asians, and 24 % (95 % CI: 0.11-0.37; I2 = 99.94 %) in other races. Also, relatively low utilization of TRUS was demonstrated in Black patients at 30 % (95 % CI: 0.15-0.44, I2=99.75 %)
Conclusion
This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate a higher utilization of MRI for PC diagnosis in White patients relative to Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians, respectively. In addition, the use of TRUS in the Black population is relatively limited. These outcomes indicate a need for a change in radiologic utilization and health policies.
{"title":"Disparities in MRI and TRUS for prostate cancer detection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 94,020 cases","authors":"Ashkan Bahrami , Long H. Tu , Milad Ghanikolahloo , Zohreh Sadeghi , Armin Tafazolimoghadam , Mahan Farzan , Mobina Fathi , Yaser Khakpour , Arian Tavasol , Milad Alipour , Ahmad Shoja , Mobin Azami , Thomas Clifford , Ramtin Hajibeygi , Samra Iftikhar","doi":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most prevalent cancers and is the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Recent evidence has demonstrated racial disparities in imaging utilization and, as a result, PC diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to quantify the disparity in utilization of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS) for PC diagnosis among different races (Whites, Blacks, Asians, Caucasians, Hispanics, and other races). Our study, however, focuses on disparities observed in the North American population, as most of the studies included were carried out in Canada and the United States.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>We carried out a systematic search in Google Scholar, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE databases. A total of 33 relevant articles published before August 2024 were included. We used Stata version 15 for statistical analysis. I<sup>2</sup> statistics was employed to assess heterogeneity. Egger and Begg's tests evaluated any publication bias.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 33 articles collectively contained 94,020 cases with a mean age of 77.9 across six defined races (African-American or Black, White, Asians, Caucasians, Hispanics, and other races). Analysis demonstrated greater utilization of MRI in White patients 66 % (95 % CI: 0.59-0.73; I2 = 99.5 %),19 % (95 % CI: 0.17-0.22; I2 = 98.95 %) in Blacks, 67 % (95 % CI: 0.56-0.78; I2 = 98.99 %) in Caucasians, 7 % (95 % CI: 0.04-0.09; I2 = 97.55 %) in Hispanics, 4 % (95 % CI: 0.03-0.05; I2 = 86.53 %) in Asians, and 24 % (95 % CI: 0.11-0.37; I2 = 99.94 %) in other races. Also, relatively low utilization of TRUS was demonstrated in Black patients at 30 % (95 % CI: 0.15-0.44, I2=99.75 %)</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate a higher utilization of MRI for PC diagnosis in White patients relative to Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians, respectively. In addition, the use of TRUS in the Black population is relatively limited. These outcomes indicate a need for a change in radiologic utilization and health policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51617,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"55 1","pages":"Pages 148-169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144877516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-06-06DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.06.007
Ives R. Levesque , Véronique Fortier , Jorge Campos Pazmiño , Zaki Ahmed , Evan McNabb
Objective
The purpose of this work was to critically assess safety guidance and practices in clinical magnetic resonance (MR) using the hierarchy of hazard controls (HHC).
Methods
Publicly available, widely used guidance documents for MR safety practice were gathered. The most recent guidance, the American College of Radiology (ACR) MR Safety Manual (2024) was selected for detailed analysis. A 5-point scale was assigned to the various levels in the hierarchy of hazard controls, from Elimination (score=5, most effective) to Personal Protective Equipment (score=1, least effective). MR safety practices recommended in the ACR MR Safety Manual were surveyed and scored using the 5-point scale. The safety practices were grouped by category of hazard addressed (e.g. main field, radio-frequency field, gradient field).
Results
Overall, Administrative Controls were the most common controls, followed by Engineering Controls. Controls within each hazard category featured a range of HHC scores, and all categories were predominantly served by Administrative Controls.
Conclusion
The analysis presented in this work could serve as a tool to analyze choices made in the deployment of safety measures, to motivate decision- or policy-making, as a tool for assessment of MR safety programs, or as an approach to motivate future work in the design of hazard controls for MR.
{"title":"The hierarchy of hazard controls in clinical magnetic resonance safety: an analysis of the American College of Radiology Manual on MR Safety","authors":"Ives R. Levesque , Véronique Fortier , Jorge Campos Pazmiño , Zaki Ahmed , Evan McNabb","doi":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The purpose of this work was to critically assess safety guidance and practices in clinical magnetic resonance (MR) using the hierarchy of hazard controls (HHC).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Publicly available, widely used guidance documents for MR safety practice were gathered. The most recent guidance, the American College of Radiology (ACR) MR Safety Manual (2024) was selected for detailed analysis. A 5-point scale was assigned to the various levels in the hierarchy of hazard controls, from Elimination (score=5, most effective) to Personal Protective Equipment (score=1, least effective). MR safety practices recommended in the ACR MR Safety Manual were surveyed and scored using the 5-point scale. The safety practices were grouped by category of hazard addressed (e.g. main field, radio-frequency field, gradient field).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, Administrative Controls were the most common controls, followed by Engineering Controls. Controls within each hazard category featured a range of HHC scores, and all categories were predominantly served by Administrative Controls.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The analysis presented in this work could serve as a tool to analyze choices made in the deployment of safety measures, to motivate decision- or policy-making, as a tool for assessment of MR safety programs, or as an approach to motivate future work in the design of hazard controls for MR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51617,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"55 1","pages":"Pages 31-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144287563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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