Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1186/s41601-023-00336-4
U. Uma, Daniel Nmadu, Nnaemeka A. Ugwuanyi, O. E. Ogah, N. Eli-Chukwu, M. Eheduru, Arthur Ekwue
{"title":"Adaptive overcurrent protection scheme coordination in presence of distributed generation using radial basis neural network","authors":"U. Uma, Daniel Nmadu, Nnaemeka A. Ugwuanyi, O. E. Ogah, N. Eli-Chukwu, M. Eheduru, Arthur Ekwue","doi":"10.1186/s41601-023-00336-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41601-023-00336-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51639,"journal":{"name":"Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139025352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1186/s41601-023-00337-3
Sheng Zhou, Minlong Zhu, Jiaqi Lin, P. G. Ipoum‐Ngome, D. L. Mon‐Nzongo, Tao Jin
{"title":"Discrete space vector modulation and optimized switching sequence model predictive control for three-level voltage source inverters","authors":"Sheng Zhou, Minlong Zhu, Jiaqi Lin, P. G. Ipoum‐Ngome, D. L. Mon‐Nzongo, Tao Jin","doi":"10.1186/s41601-023-00337-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41601-023-00337-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51639,"journal":{"name":"Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems","volume":"45 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139017656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1186/s41601-023-00335-5
Hongjun Gao, Renjun Wang, Shuaijia He, Zeqi Wang, Junyong Liu
{"title":"Bi-level stackelberg game-based distribution system expansion planning model considering long-term renewable energy contracts","authors":"Hongjun Gao, Renjun Wang, Shuaijia He, Zeqi Wang, Junyong Liu","doi":"10.1186/s41601-023-00335-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41601-023-00335-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51639,"journal":{"name":"Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138614020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-23DOI: 10.1186/s41601-023-00331-9
Minglei Qin, Yongbiao Yang, Xianqiu Zhao, Qingshan Xu, Li Yuan
{"title":"Low-carbon economic multi-objective dispatch of integrated energy system considering the price fluctuation of natural gas and carbon emission accounting","authors":"Minglei Qin, Yongbiao Yang, Xianqiu Zhao, Qingshan Xu, Li Yuan","doi":"10.1186/s41601-023-00331-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41601-023-00331-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51639,"journal":{"name":"Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139244695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.1186/s41601-023-00329-3
Dongliang Xiao, Haoyong Chen, Weijun Cai, Chun Wei, Zhendong Zhao
{"title":"Integrated risk measurement and control for stochastic energy trading of a wind storage system in electricity markets","authors":"Dongliang Xiao, Haoyong Chen, Weijun Cai, Chun Wei, Zhendong Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s41601-023-00329-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41601-023-00329-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51639,"journal":{"name":"Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139253010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.1186/s41601-023-00330-w
Yibo Zhou, Jun An, Gang Mu, Yan Shi
{"title":"An improved constraint-inference approach for causality exploration of power system transient stability","authors":"Yibo Zhou, Jun An, Gang Mu, Yan Shi","doi":"10.1186/s41601-023-00330-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41601-023-00330-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51639,"journal":{"name":"Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems","volume":"34 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1186/s41601-023-00334-6
Jingyu Yang, Tongguang Yang, Longfu Luo, Li Peng
Abstract To maximize improving the tracking wind power output plan and the service life of energy storage systems (ESS), a control strategy is proposed for ESS to track wind power planning output based on model prediction and two-layer fuzzy control. First, based on model predictive control, a model with deviations of grid-connected power from the planned output and the minimum deviation of the remaining capacity of the ESS from the ideal value is established as the target. Then, when the grid-connected power exceeds the allowable deviation band of tracking, the weight coefficients in the objective function are adjusted by introducing the first layer of fuzzy control rules, combining the state of charge (SOC) of the ESS with the dynamic tracking demand of the planned value of wind power. When the grid-connected power is within the tracking allowable deviation band, the second layer of fuzzy control rules is used to correct the charging and discharging power of the ESS to improve its ability to track the future planned deviation while not crossing the limit. By repeatedly correcting the charging and discharging power of the ESS, its safe operation and the multitasking execution of the wind power plan output tracking target are ensured. Finally, taking actual data from a wind farm as an example, tests on a simulation platform of a combined wind-storage power generation system verify the feasibility and superiority of the proposed control strategy.
{"title":"Tracking-dispatch of a combined wind-storage system based on model predictive control and two-layer fuzzy control strategy","authors":"Jingyu Yang, Tongguang Yang, Longfu Luo, Li Peng","doi":"10.1186/s41601-023-00334-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41601-023-00334-6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To maximize improving the tracking wind power output plan and the service life of energy storage systems (ESS), a control strategy is proposed for ESS to track wind power planning output based on model prediction and two-layer fuzzy control. First, based on model predictive control, a model with deviations of grid-connected power from the planned output and the minimum deviation of the remaining capacity of the ESS from the ideal value is established as the target. Then, when the grid-connected power exceeds the allowable deviation band of tracking, the weight coefficients in the objective function are adjusted by introducing the first layer of fuzzy control rules, combining the state of charge (SOC) of the ESS with the dynamic tracking demand of the planned value of wind power. When the grid-connected power is within the tracking allowable deviation band, the second layer of fuzzy control rules is used to correct the charging and discharging power of the ESS to improve its ability to track the future planned deviation while not crossing the limit. By repeatedly correcting the charging and discharging power of the ESS, its safe operation and the multitasking execution of the wind power plan output tracking target are ensured. Finally, taking actual data from a wind farm as an example, tests on a simulation platform of a combined wind-storage power generation system verify the feasibility and superiority of the proposed control strategy.","PeriodicalId":51639,"journal":{"name":"Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems","volume":"85 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1186/s41601-023-00333-7
Mahmoud M. Elwakil, Helmy M. El Zoghaby, Soliman M. Sharaf, Magdi A. Mosa
Abstract In this paper, a virtual synchronous generator (VSG) controller is applied to a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) containing a battery energy storage system and supercapacitor storage system for maintaining the frequency stability of an isolated microgrid. The microgrid contains a photovoltaic generation system and a diesel generator in addition to the HESS and two constant impedance loads that are fed through a medium voltage radial feeding system. The adaptive virtual inertia constant (H) with constant virtual damping coefficient (D) based on ‘ bang-bang’ control for the microgrid’s frequency stability enhancement is investigated and compared with the constant parameter VSG. In addition, the bang-bang control is modified to adapt the D beside the adaptive H, and the system response is investigated and compared with the conventional adaptive H technique. The VSG parameters are evaluated based on two different methods. The first is a computational method based on the simplified small signal stability analysis, while the other is based on an optimization method using two different objective functions and the particle swarm optimization technique. This paper also investigates the superiority of the proposed technique compared to other techniques in enhancing frequency stability, accelerating steady-state frequency restoration, and reducing the energy requirement of the HESS. The required power from the HESS is shared between the two energy storages using the low pass filter technique so as to reduce battery peak current.
{"title":"“Adaptive virtual synchronous generator control using optimized bang-bang for Islanded microgrid stability improvement”","authors":"Mahmoud M. Elwakil, Helmy M. El Zoghaby, Soliman M. Sharaf, Magdi A. Mosa","doi":"10.1186/s41601-023-00333-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41601-023-00333-7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, a virtual synchronous generator (VSG) controller is applied to a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) containing a battery energy storage system and supercapacitor storage system for maintaining the frequency stability of an isolated microgrid. The microgrid contains a photovoltaic generation system and a diesel generator in addition to the HESS and two constant impedance loads that are fed through a medium voltage radial feeding system. The adaptive virtual inertia constant (H) with constant virtual damping coefficient (D) based on ‘ bang-bang’ control for the microgrid’s frequency stability enhancement is investigated and compared with the constant parameter VSG. In addition, the bang-bang control is modified to adapt the D beside the adaptive H, and the system response is investigated and compared with the conventional adaptive H technique. The VSG parameters are evaluated based on two different methods. The first is a computational method based on the simplified small signal stability analysis, while the other is based on an optimization method using two different objective functions and the particle swarm optimization technique. This paper also investigates the superiority of the proposed technique compared to other techniques in enhancing frequency stability, accelerating steady-state frequency restoration, and reducing the energy requirement of the HESS. The required power from the HESS is shared between the two energy storages using the low pass filter technique so as to reduce battery peak current.","PeriodicalId":51639,"journal":{"name":"Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems","volume":"12 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136346526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.1186/s41601-023-00313-x
Yonghui Song, Yongjie Luo, Xiaofu Xiong
Abstract Accurate evaluation of power losses in a modular multilevel converter (MMC) is very important for circuit component selection, cooling system design, and reliability analysis of power transmission systems. However, the existing converter valve loss calculation methods using the nearest level modulation (NLM) method and the traditional sorting-based capacitor voltage balancing strategy are inaccurate since the submodule (SM) switching logics in the MMC arms are uncertain. To solve this problem, the switching principle of the SMs in the sorting-based voltage balancing strategy is analyzed. An accurate MMC power loss calculation method based on the analysis of loss distribution of various SM topologies, including half-bridge submodule (HBSM), full-bridge submodule (FBSM) and clamp double submodule (CDSM), is proposed in this paper. The method can accurately calculate the losses caused by the extra switching actions during the capacitor voltage balancing process, thus greatly increasing the calculation accuracy of switching losses compared with existing methods. Simulation results based on a practical ± 350 kV/1000 MW MMC-HVDC system with variety of MMC topologies with different voltage balancing strategies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
{"title":"Loss distribution analysis and accurate calculation method for bulk-power MMC","authors":"Yonghui Song, Yongjie Luo, Xiaofu Xiong","doi":"10.1186/s41601-023-00313-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41601-023-00313-x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Accurate evaluation of power losses in a modular multilevel converter (MMC) is very important for circuit component selection, cooling system design, and reliability analysis of power transmission systems. However, the existing converter valve loss calculation methods using the nearest level modulation (NLM) method and the traditional sorting-based capacitor voltage balancing strategy are inaccurate since the submodule (SM) switching logics in the MMC arms are uncertain. To solve this problem, the switching principle of the SMs in the sorting-based voltage balancing strategy is analyzed. An accurate MMC power loss calculation method based on the analysis of loss distribution of various SM topologies, including half-bridge submodule (HBSM), full-bridge submodule (FBSM) and clamp double submodule (CDSM), is proposed in this paper. The method can accurately calculate the losses caused by the extra switching actions during the capacitor voltage balancing process, thus greatly increasing the calculation accuracy of switching losses compared with existing methods. Simulation results based on a practical ± 350 kV/1000 MW MMC-HVDC system with variety of MMC topologies with different voltage balancing strategies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":51639,"journal":{"name":"Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems","volume":"119 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135138499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.1186/s41601-023-00332-8
Ying Wang, Chunyu Chen, Sen Zhang, Yilong Liu, Chongxin Huang, Yuxin Du
Abstract Owing to their flexibility and rapid response, grid-connected distributed energy resources (DERs) are wielding growing influence in frequency regulation markets (FRMs). Nevertheless, compared with conventional large-scale generators, small-scale DERs are usually weakly shielded by cyber security measures. This offers attackers the opportunity of disrupting the clearing and settlement of FRMs by manipulating the bid information of DERs. In this paper, the frequency regulation market equilibrium is studied considering the dynamic gaming between attackers and defenders, both of which need the knowledge of FRMs for their interventions. Specifically, a tri-level programming model characterizing the attacker–defender–operator (ADO) interdiction problem in FRMs is developed and then analyzed using a column and constraint generation algorithm, thereby achieving market equilibrium representing the defender's best response to the attacker. The defense strategy in the market equilibrium can attenuate the negative influence of cyber attacks upon the FRMs to the maximum extent. Finally, based on the operating rules of the California Independent System Operator, the FRM process considering the ADO interdiction is simulated and the numerical equilibrium results are presented.
{"title":"A tri-level programming-based frequency regulation market equilibrium under cyber attacks","authors":"Ying Wang, Chunyu Chen, Sen Zhang, Yilong Liu, Chongxin Huang, Yuxin Du","doi":"10.1186/s41601-023-00332-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41601-023-00332-8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Owing to their flexibility and rapid response, grid-connected distributed energy resources (DERs) are wielding growing influence in frequency regulation markets (FRMs). Nevertheless, compared with conventional large-scale generators, small-scale DERs are usually weakly shielded by cyber security measures. This offers attackers the opportunity of disrupting the clearing and settlement of FRMs by manipulating the bid information of DERs. In this paper, the frequency regulation market equilibrium is studied considering the dynamic gaming between attackers and defenders, both of which need the knowledge of FRMs for their interventions. Specifically, a tri-level programming model characterizing the attacker–defender–operator (ADO) interdiction problem in FRMs is developed and then analyzed using a column and constraint generation algorithm, thereby achieving market equilibrium representing the defender's best response to the attacker. The defense strategy in the market equilibrium can attenuate the negative influence of cyber attacks upon the FRMs to the maximum extent. Finally, based on the operating rules of the California Independent System Operator, the FRM process considering the ADO interdiction is simulated and the numerical equilibrium results are presented.","PeriodicalId":51639,"journal":{"name":"Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135476622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}