Ageing International最新文献

No other studies have investigated the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on discrimination, attitudes, empathy, and body perception toward older adults. The study aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on discrimination, attitudes, empathy, and body perception in older care students. A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted with a total of 53 older adult care students. Participants were randomized to the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Group (CBTG) (n: 25) and Control Group (CG) (n: 28). Participants in the CBTG group received a four-module training on discrimination, attitudes, empathy, and body perception in terms of older care. Individuals were assessed before and after the intervention with the Ageism Attitude Scale (ADAS), the Kogan Scale of Attitudes Toward Older People (KAOP), and the Children’s Cognitive, Affective and Somatic Empathy Scales (CASES). A significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding the KAOP score (p < 0.05). The KAOP score of CBTG increased significantly after the intervention (p < 0.05). In addition, a significant improvement was observed in the ADAS (Negative discrimination towards older adults) score of the individuals in the intervention group (p < 0.05). The ADAS-negative discrimination score of the individuals in the CBTG group was higher than the control group (p < 0.05). Cognitive-behavioral training improved students’ attitudes toward older adults and negative discrimination. CBT is an effective method for improving discrimination and attitudes towards older adults.

Maintaining functional ability is an essential prerequisite for healthy ageing and might be of critical importance for reaping the benefits of lifespan extension. This study aims to explore the relationship between functional ability and survival in the Croatian older adults aged 85 years and over. Study included 250 residents of 11 public long-term care facilities whose mobility and independence were followed-up during a ten-year period. The relation of functional ability to lifespan was explored by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression. From the time of initial interview, the study participants lived on average 4.4 years (full range being 12 years), and less than one year elapsed from the beginning of immobility or dependence until death. Mean age at death was 92.5 years, while the average age at the beginning of immobility or dependence was 91.6 years. The survival was related to their level of mobility and independence, with longer survival being attributed to women. Nevertheless, a lower proportion of men were at the end of their life completely dependent on other people’s care. The main two findings of this study are: (a) the levels of mobility and independence, as well as gender, are independent predictors of the number of surviving years for the 85 + aged care homes residents; and (b) they are, on average, completely dependent on professional care for a very short time period until their death. The presented evidence could bring valuable information for social and healthcare planning, and impact everyday gerontologic and geriatric practice.

This study is a systematic review addressing cognitive frailty, measurement instruments, and their impact on comprehensive care for older adults between 2013 and 2023. It seeks to identify findings on the distribution of studies in relation to year, country of publication, and methodology employed, as well as the instruments available to measure cognitive frailty and the scientific evidence supporting its assessment in midlife. We included studies published between 2013 and 2023 that addressed the topic of cognitive frailty and measurement instruments in midlife, excluding papers that did not provide primary data. A systematic search was performed in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Twenty-one studies were identified, of which three presented new instruments for measuring cognitive frailty, eleven focused on the validation and comparison of psychometric properties, and seven examined the assessment of frailty in midlife. Research on instruments for measuring cognitive frailty has grown in the last five years, concentrating on high- and upper-middle-income countries, with a quantitative and cross-sectional methodological approach. Validation and cross-cultural adaptation of scales such as FRAIL and the Tilburg Frailty Indicator predominate, demonstrating efficacy and validity in community settings. Only three studies validate Frailty Indices using longitudinal data in middle-aged population. The review highlights the efficacy and validity of existing instruments, as well as the growth in cognitive frailty research. Strengths include growing research and instrument validation; however, it is limited to high- and upper-middle-income countries. The review suggests increased attention to cognitive frailty, with new instruments incorporating cognitive components, which could improve assessment in midlife.

Investigate the risk factors for frailty in Iranian older adult outpatients. In this cross-sectional study, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 364 outpatients aged 60≥ at a geriatric clinic and health centers. The study included an assessment of demographic characteristics, polypharmacy, Fried Frailty Index, and various parameters from the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA), including Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15), Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT), Body Mass Index (BMI), Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and Lawton-Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). Assessment of other geriatric syndromes involved eye and hearing impairments, incontinency, pain, sleep disorders, fall, and vertigo. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS ver.27.0. A notable correlation was observed between sex, physical dependency, depression, polypharmacy, and BMI with frailty. Several geriatric syndromes including pain, incontinency, eye-impairments, vertigo, falls, and sleep disorders were found to be linked with frailty. The older adults with polypharmacy, hearing-impairment, incontinency, depression, dementia, and pain were shown to have a higher likelihood of developing frailty. Among the Fried Frailty indicators, low grip strength and weight loss in male, slow walking speed in female, and exhaustion in both gender exhibited a significant association with age. The older adults with pain had a 4.39 times higher risk of frailty compared to those without pain (p < 0.001, 95% CI = 2.31-8.36). This study found that frailty was associated with sex, physical dependency, depression, polypharmacy, obesity, and various geriatric syndromes including pain, vertigo, incontinency, falls, sleep disorders, eye and hearing impairment, and polypharmacy in older outpatients.

Sense of coherence (SOC) explores how individuals perceive and manage life, focusing on their ability to use available resources to overcome challenges and maintain or improve their health. However, understanding of the concept of SOC and its relationship to health among older Nigerians remain unknown. This study investigated the SOC and associated factors among older adults attending a geriatric facility in southwestern Nigeria. A cross-sectional study of 384 older adults (aged ≥ 60 years) were recruited at the Geriatric centre. Data were obtained using an interviewer-administered, semi-structured questionnaire administered by trained research assistants, we utilized the SOC adapted scale of Antonovsky’s SOC-13 scale. Other measures include their spirituality, cognition, depression, functional disability, quality of life, family relationship, and level of frailty, which were assessed using the spirituality index of well-being, six-item screener, Geriatric depression scale, Barthel’s independence activities of daily living, Family relations scale, Short-form 12-item and self-assessment of frailty tools, respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted at α_0.05. The mean age was 70.3 ± 6.9 years, and 226 (58.9%) were females. The total mean SOC score was 42.96 ± 2.80, and the mean scores for the domains of SOC were ‘comprehensibility’ (16.68 ± 1.44), ‘manageability’ (14.43 ± 1.88), and ‘meaningfulness’ (11.84 ± 1.19). The predictors of stronger SOC were having fewer children alive (β = -0.100), lower depression score (β -0.117), higher self-rated health (β = 0.103) and a higher level of spirituality (β = -0.335). This study revealed that lower depression, better self-rated health, and higher spirituality were linked to a stronger sense of coherence among older Nigerians. Understanding these factors aids designing interventions to enhance SOC and health outcomes. The findings advocate for the prioritization of mental health and spiritual care in Nigerian geriatric services.

Nursing homes (NHs) play an important role in ensuring that older adults have a place to live. However, few quantitative studies have examined NH prices and services vis-à-vis users’ preferences. Therefore, in this study, we used a choice-based conjoint analysis to examine price- and services-related needs for NHs according to respondents’ age. The survey was conducted in Osaka, Japan, where 130 community-dwelling individuals were divided into two age groups: 40–50 s (n = 65)—comprising individuals whose parents or relatives were expected to need long-term care—and ≥ 60 (n = 65)—comprising individuals who were expected to need long-term care. Prior to analysis, we determined that a nested logit model was appropriate for this study. We examined the marginal effects of prices and services. The results showed that good healthcare had a positive and significant effect on the preferences of the 40–50 s group, whereas this effect was absent in the ≥ 60 group. In both groups, good life support had a significant positive effect on preference. However, the marginal effect of good life support was larger for the 40–50 s group because fewer people chose not to move into an NH, suggesting the need for a more detailed analysis of the 40–50 s group. This study’s results provide valuable insights regarding pre-purchase decision-making for NH selection, which is currently determined based on post-purchase activity.

This study identified potential barriers and facilitators to the implementation of a medical device in the form of a mobile health (mHealth) application, (app) called PainChek®, by family carers of individuals with dementia in the Australian community setting. Focus groups and a phone interview took place with family carers and healthcare professionals. Data were analysed thematically. 6 family carers and 8 healthcare professionals participated across 2 focus groups and 1 phone interview. Themes related to the user, innovation/PainChek®, and contextual factors were identified. Barriers to use included age, physical limitations, cost, technical issues, misinterpretation of how PainChek® works, and influence of family. Facilitators included a willingness to use mHealth Apps and previous experience. Some themes acted as both barriers and facilitators depending on the situation such as the healthcare team's acceptance. Targeted interventions and support strategies, leveraging facilitators are essential to overcome barriers related to user, intervention, and context and to enhance successful PainChek® implementation, thereby improving pain management in individuals with dementia. Future research is recommended to develop effective implementation strategies to utilise the facilitators and overcome the barriers to improve the implementation of PainChek®.

Globally, hypertension among mid & old aged population is considered a severe chronic health issue. The latest LASI (longitudinal ageing study in India) wave data shows that in the northern region of India, middle-aged and elderly population have a higher prevalence of hypertension than in other parts of the country. Thus, this study aims to identify the risk factors for hypertension among the mid & old aged population of north India .This study has utilised the first wave of LASI secondary data. A total of 11476 respondents have been considered for this study. The Binary logistic regression model has been administered to determine the associated risk factors of hypertension among mid and old aged population. Our result shows that the higher odd ratios of hypertension found among respondents above 60 years old (OR = 1.55, 95%, CI = 1.38–1.73), urban dwellers (OR = 1.30, 95%, CI = 1.15–1.47), female respondents (OR = 1.56, 95%, CI = 1.33–1.81), diabatic respondents (OR = 2.86, 95%, CI = 2.41–3.40), richer respondents (OR = 1.56, 95%, CI = 1.29–1.89), non-Hindu religious groups (OR = 1.49, 95%, CI = 1.32–1.59), and depressed respondents (OR = 1.38, 95%, CI = 1.20–1.60). Therefore, formulating strategic policy to reduce the hypertension problem among mid & old-aged populations should be prioritised.

The objective of this study is to determine the influence of personal and contextual variables on negative stereotypes towards older age to define a sociodemographic profile, according to age groups. A non-probabilistic purposive sampling was carried out with a sample of 465 participants over 18 years of age. Four age groups were established (early adulthood, middle adulthood, late adulthood and older age). An ad hoc sociodemographic questionnaire and the CENVE were administered. Mean contrasts were performed to determine the differences between the variables studied. The results showed that the late adulthood and older age groups showed a greater presence of negative stereotypes than the other groups. Concerning the contextual variables, primary education and daily contact with dependent older adults presented greater overall negative stereotypes. We can conclude that negative stereotypes about older age increase in women caregivers of dependent older adults. Also, the evolution of stereotypes to self-stereotypes in the older adults group is confirmed.