Ageing International最新文献

Method

This is a case-control study paired by sex and age, with the cases defined as frail older persons with self-reported falls in the last year and controls as frail older persons with no fall report. Odds ratio (OR) was analyzed by means of conditional logistic regression, with a 95% confidence interval. Main outcome measure: The occurrence of falls in frail older persons is associated with the following clinical and pharmacoepidemiological factors: urinary incontinence and polypharmacy.

Results

The sample consisted of 1028 older persons, 514 in the case group and 514 in the control group. The prevalence of falls was 26.5%. The frequency of polypharmacy, use of drugs inappropriate according to Beers’ criteria and drugs that increase the risk of falls were 58%, 85% and 87%. The frequency of drugs with anticholinergic properties ranged from 12 to 65% according to the type of scale used. It was observed that the fall is associated with urinary incontinence (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.28–2.34) and use of five or more medications (OR 1.68, 95% CI, 1.30–2.17).

Conclusions

With this research, is possible to conclude that falling in the frail older persons is associated with the use of five or more drugs and the presence of urinary incontinence.

Improved health facilities have increased life expectancy and longevity; the older adults population has thus been on the rise globally; and most families have taken responsibility for caring for the older adults. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of caregivers' educational program, reducing their care burden and perceived social support of the older adults in Jahrom, Iran. This is a quasi-experimental study utilizing an educational intervention implemented in 2018. The pivotal intervention was the education program for older adult’s caregivers in the field of caregiver training. The training methods included face-to-face training, pamphlet distribution and use media. Training lasted three weeks. The sample (152 caregivers and 152 older adults) were selected by snowball sampling and randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. Data collection tools included demographic information questionnaire, care burden, perceived social support scale and activities of daily living scale. Data were analyzed using Stata14 software and multiple linear regression considering perceived social support as a dependent variable based on the SEM model of path analysis. Before the educational intervention, no significant difference was observed between care burden and perceived social support in the experimental and control group (p > 0.05). However, after the intervention, the care burden score ranged from 73.72 ± 26.94 to 39.07 ± 23.049 decreased (p = 0.001) and the perceived social support score of the older adults increased from 44.45 ± 7.81 to 54.97 ± 4.09 (p = 0.001). The result show that subscales of care load include evolutionary with a coefficient of 0.87 (p = 0.015), physical 0.86(p < 0.001), social 0.84 (p < 0.001), emotional 0.87 (p < 0.001), time-dependent 0.19 (p = 0.035) and overall care burdens with a coefficient of 0.91(p < 0.001) had an effect on perceived social support. Measures of model fit (χ2 = 17.20, RMSEA = 0.087, GFI = 0.81, AGFI = 0.86), indicated that the model had an acceptable goodness of fit.Educational intervention for caregivers reduces care burden and increases the perceived social support of the older adults. Therefore, caregivers can care for the older adults with a better feeling and as a result the older adults feel more valuable and have a higher self-esteem.

Research indicates that happiness increases with age, however, the common layperson perception is that happiness decreases with age. Late-life repartnering is a phenomenon developing with the increase in life expectancy, entered to enjoy life. It is not officially recognized as an option in Israel, culturally located between tradition and modernity. Within this social context, the aim is to explore the experience of happiness in late life repartnering relationships from a dyadic partner perspective and understand its meaning within the cultural society it is developing in. Data was drawn from a larger phenomenology study conducted on the meaning of late life repartnering from a dyadic view. 38 semi-structured qualitative interviews (19 couples) were conducted with functionally independent repartners, aged 66-92 who entered their relationship after a lifelong marriage. Happiness was an issue addressed by participants. It was not part of the interview guide thus results represent secondary analysis of interviews with participants who addressed happiness. Results illustrate a range of happiness experiences from a dyadic view related to expectations experienced on a continuum between surprised being happy and disappointed not being happy including six subthemes. Results are discussed relating to expectations and disappointment theory, and to how happiness is valued linked to culture. Implicit ageism is suggested for understanding why happiness is experienced as unexpected in late life repartnering, although entered to enjoy life. Implications are addressed.

The aim of this article is to present the construction and validation of an attitude scale for the older adults towards aging and old age. A quantitative, descriptive approach was used, and the population is of older adult residents in the city of Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais, Brazil, with a total of 252 participants. Data were collected using the snowball technique, and the statistical technique of Factor Analysis was used for the data analysis. As a result, it was obtained a scale with 19 items, grouped into seven factors (personal relationships, autonomy and independence, intergenerationality, resilience, resignation, receptivity and expenses) covering five dimensions (cognitive, biological, psychological, social and economic). It can be concluded that the scale has indicative variables in several studies on aging and old age, making it an appropriate instrument in the area of applied social sciences for measuring the attitude of the older adults.

High prevalence of uncontrolled blood pressure in older adults is a major health concern, and mostly results from poor medication adherence. The study assessed blood pressure profile and factors that influence medication adherence in older persons. Association of adherence factors with systolic and diastolic blood pressure was also determined. Cross-sectional and retrospective survey were conducted among 310 out-patients of ≥ 65 years of age in two hospitals. A pretested questionnaire measured medication adherence factors on a 5-point Likert scale. Data on last blood pressure and medications of study participants were retrospectively obtained from case notes. Descriptive analysis and Chi-square were performed using SPSS version 25. (P ≤ 0.05). A total of 300 patients participated in the study. The study noted slightly high mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure (147.65 ± 20.607 and 92.82 ± 15.137) among respondents, however, diastolic hypertension was prevalent 171 (57.0%). Average mean score for respondents’ reported medication-related and attitude-related adherence factors were 2.40 ± 1.09 and 2.66 ± 1.24, respectively. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were statistically significant with; number of pills (p = 0.008 and p = 0.003 respectively) and dosing regimen (p = 0.000 and p = 0.052, respectively). Systolic blood pressure was statistically significant with; frequency of dosing (p = 0.011), non-availability or scarcity of prescribed medicines (p = 0.027), pharmacists’ attitude (p = 0.000), physician’s attitude (p = 0.000) and phobia for medicines (p = 0.002). Forgetfulness was statistically associated with diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.011). Diastolic hypertension was prevalent, and several factors of adherence significantly influenced systolic and diastolic blood pressure in older adults. Improved medication counselling is required for maximum benefits in older persons.

Amidst a rapidly aging population, living alone is considered as a living arrangement with various disadvantages. The study aimed to assess the association between older adults living in one-person-households (OPH) and their socio-economic status along with associated inequalities. The data for the present study was utilized from National Family Health Survey, 2015–16 (n = 146, 657). Descriptive, bivariate along with multivariable analysis was used to fulfil the aim of the present study. For assessing socio-economic differentials in OPH, concentration index along with Wagstaff decomposition analysis was used. It was revealed that poor older adults had a higher proportion of OPH (12.7%) than older adults from the non-poor category (3.8%). The value of concentration index was -0.38 indicating the concentration of OPH among poor older adults. Manipur had the highest value of concentration index (-0.614). The highest percentage of poor OPH among older adults was in Kerala (30.7%) and whereas it was lowest among older adults in Bihar (5.9%). About 33.6% of socio-economic status related-inequality was explained by the marital status of older adults followed by older adults’ place of residence (30.9%) and gender (29.3%). Older adults who are poor, women, never married, and living in rural areas need greater attention from both governmental and non-governmental organizations. In addition, policies should be designed by differentiating between older adults who live alone by choice and those who are forced by circumstances to map the vulnerabilities effectively.

Elder abuse is a global public health problem due to its serious impact on older adults. With the increase in the elderly population, abuse cases are also expected to increase. The purpose of this study is to identify the prevalence and related risk factors of elder abuse based on studies conducted in Turkey. Nine articles on research carried out in Turkey over the period published in 2010–2020 on the prevalence of elder abuse and a reported risk factor were included in the study. The sample of the studies consisted of 3941 older adults. 13.3%-28.5% of the older adults were detected to be subjected to some form of abuse, 2.7–26.8% to physical abuse, 5.9–23.4% to psychological abuse, 2.1–26.9% to economic abuse, 0–12.6% to sexual abuse, and 3.9%-56.5% to neglect and various risk factors pave the way for abuse.

Ensuring the participation of older adults in all areas of life is vital not only for developed countries but also for developing countries. This study aims to analyze how older people in the commercials are displayed and how much they are represented on the television channels broadcasting in Turkey. In this study, In 444 different commercials, characters aged 60 and over were defined as older people. There were older characters in 46 (10.4%) of the 444 different commercials examined. The findings showed that 121 (6.0%) of the 2002 people seen in the commercials were determined as older adults. It was observed that 11 of the older adults (9.1%) played major roles in commercials. When evaluated concerning with stereotypes, 67 (55.4%) of older people were in "golden ager", 48 (39.7%) were in "perfect grandparent", four (3.3%) were in "hopeless", two (1.6%) were in "seriously disabled" categories. Representation of the older adults in Turkish television commercials is insufficient. Older characters are mostly male and generally stay in the background.

Objectives

This study examined the social factors affecting the frequency of going out, and social isolation related to the frequency of daily conversation, stratified by gender.

Method

The participants comprised 1,016 community-dwelling older Japanese adults, who were categorized into four groups: those who are (1) not isolated socially and go out every day, (2) not isolated socially and do not go out every day, (3) socially isolated and go out every day, and (4) socially isolated and do not go out every day. We performed a logistic regression analysis to assess the relationship between the frequency of daily conversation and the four groups.

Results

Our multivariable logistic regression analysis (reference, group 1) showed that the coexistence of poor social factors significantly affected men (group 2: odds ratio [OR] 2.13 [1.10 to 4.12]; group 3: OR 2.92 [1.70 to 5.00]; and group 4: OR 4.28 [2.43 to 7.54]). For women, the frequency of going out was related to daily conversation only with social isolation group (group 2: OR 1.51 [0.77 to 2.98]; group 3: OR 2.42 [1.25 to 4.68]; and group 4: OR 3.81 [2.08 to 7.00]).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that promoting daily conversations of community-dwelling older adults can help prevent related health adversities.

This paper investigates the association between work trajectories and frailty in later life in four ageing contexts (AAI index): Czech Republic, Denmark, Italy and Poland.

Data of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) is used to create the frailty index and linear regression models are applied to assess the association between frailty condition and work trajectories of 6187 women and men, aged between 50 and 74 years old.

The findings underline that women experience worse frailty than men in all countries. Having precarious work trajectories is detrimental to individuals’ health everywhere, but it becomes even worse for Danish men and Polish men and women. The ageing context (AAI index) is not associated with health inequalities in older people.

We suggest that further research should explore more in detail the mechanisms linking job insecurity to psycho-social risks as possible determinants of frailty, taking into account differences at the national level.