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Special issue introduction: what is the new state capitalism? 特刊导论:什么是新的国家资本主义?
IF 2 3区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/13569775.2021.2022336
Ilias Alami, M. Babić, Adam D. Dixon, I. T. Liu
ABSTRACT This article introduces and lays the groundwork for this Contemporary Politics special issue on the ‘new’ state capitalism. We start by noting that the rubric state capitalism tends to elicit paradoxical responses, from uncritically embracing the term and overstretching its realms of application, to rejecting its validity altogether. We argue that the source of such ambivalence resides in issues of conceptual definition, which have led to a number of analytical impasses. We propose instead to construe state capitalism as a set of critical interrogations concerning the changing role of the state, thereby introducing a degree of plasticity in the use of the category. We call this the problématique of state capitalism. We subsequently identify three major themes that are explored in this dedicated issue, and that warrant further research in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, namely (1) its class underpinnings, (2) its global nature, and (3) its relational character.
摘要本文介绍了“新”国家资本主义这一当代政治特刊,并为之奠定了基础。我们首先注意到,规范性的国家资本主义往往会引发矛盾的反应,从不加批判地接受这个词并过度扩展其应用领域,到完全拒绝其有效性。我们认为,这种矛盾心理的根源在于概念定义问题,这导致了许多分析上的僵局。相反,我们建议将国家资本主义解释为一组关于国家角色变化的批判性疑问,从而在使用该类别时引入一定程度的可塑性。我们称之为国家资本主义的问题。随后,我们确定了本专题探讨的三个主要主题,这些主题需要根据新冠肺炎大流行进行进一步研究,即(1)其阶级基础,(2)其全球性质,以及(3)其关系特征。
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引用次数: 21
Defeating Autocrats from below: Insights from the 2019 Algerian uprising 从下面击败独裁者:来自2019年阿尔及利亚起义的见解
IF 2 3区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/13569775.2021.2023260
Gianni Del Panta
ABSTRACT By focusing on the 2019 Algerian uprising that led to Bouteflika’s removal, this article explores how broad and mass-based convergences of various social and political opposition actors can produce an existential threat to autocracies. It develops a dynamic understanding that analyses the behaviour of political groups, social classes, and state actors. To do so, it points to the hegemonic contraction of the ruling coalition, the outbreak of a long series of protests in the pre-2019 period, and the gradual emergence of a cross-class and cross-ideological convergence in the course of the uprising. The article not only contributes to debates about authoritarian regimes and mobilizations, but also demonstrates how the scholarship might develop more nuanced accounts by combining insights from the structuralist approach and microfoundational studies. To analyse the uprising in Algeria, it relies on secondary sources and press analysis, taking into account three leading Algerian newspapers and two well-known websites.
摘要通过关注导致布特弗利卡下台的2019年阿尔及利亚起义,本文探讨了各种社会和政治反对派行为者的广泛和基于群众的融合如何对独裁政权产生生存威胁。它发展了一种动态的理解,分析政治团体、社会阶层和国家行为者的行为。要做到这一点,它指出了执政联盟的霸权收缩,2019年前爆发了一系列长时间的抗议活动,以及在起义过程中逐渐出现了跨阶级和跨意识形态的趋同。这篇文章不仅为关于威权政权和动员的辩论做出了贡献,而且还展示了学术界如何通过结合结构主义方法和微观基础研究的见解来发展更细致的叙述。为了分析阿尔及利亚的起义,它依赖于次要来源和新闻分析,考虑到阿尔及利亚三家主要报纸和两个知名网站。
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引用次数: 0
Servants of the state or masters of capital? Thinking through the class implications of state-owned capital 是国家的仆人还是资本的主人?国有资本的阶级内涵思考
IF 2 3区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.1080/13569775.2021.2022323
Nathaniel H. Sperber
ABSTRACT The emergent literature on ‘new state capitalism' has offered little in terms of class analysis so far. This stands in contrast with prior twentieth-century writings which had sought to retool Marxist class theory to highlight the ambivalent position of the ‘state class' in settings where the state owned large concentrations of productive capital. This article sets out a novel conceptual framework for analyzing the class situation of officials and executives embedded in government and state-owned enterprises. Overseers and managers of state-owned capital should be understood as Janus-faced actors, participating simultaneously in political and economic fields, articulating political hierarchy with power over capital. Furthermore, fractions inside the state can be identified in so far as the authority to operate, and to allocate, capital is distributed unevenly within the state’s ruling stratum. As an illustration, an examination of the class ramifications of central-level SOEs in China is provided.
摘要到目前为止,新兴的关于“新国家资本主义”的文献在阶级分析方面提供的很少。这与20世纪以前的著作形成了鲜明对比,这些著作试图重新构建马克思主义阶级理论,以强调“国家阶级”在国家拥有大量生产资本的环境中的矛盾立场。本文提出了一个新的概念框架来分析政府和国有企业中官员和高管的阶级状况。国有资本的监管者和管理者应该被理解为Janus面对的行动者,同时参与政治和经济领域,阐明对资本拥有权力的政治等级制度。此外,就运营和分配权力而言,国家内部的部分可以确定,资本在国家统治阶层中的分配不均衡。举例来说,本文考察了中国中央一级国有企业的阶级分化。
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引用次数: 3
Locating new ‘state capitalism’ in advanced economies: an international comparison of government ownership in economic entities 在发达经济体中定位新的“国家资本主义”:经济实体中政府所有权的国际比较
IF 2 3区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-12-28 DOI: 10.1080/13569775.2021.2022335
Kyunghoon Kim
ABSTRACT This paper argues that state capitalism is not just a developing world phenomenon; a number of high-income economies in Europe and Asia have experienced a notable expansion of state capitalism over the past two decades. By using data on equity and investment fund shares from government balance sheets, this paper compares the strength of state capitalism across more than 30 high-income economies since 2000. This dataset enables the analysis of government ownership of economic entities in totality and over time. By analysing the diverse cases of the United States, Britain, and Norway in depth, this paper also emphasises the importance of the historical, political, and socio-economic contexts in understanding the persistence of and government influence in state capitalism through corporate ownership. Based on these analyses, this paper challenges the analytical value of ‘geographical imaginaries’ that categorise high-income economies as liberal capitalists and developing economies as statist capitalists.
本文认为,国家资本主义不仅仅是发展中国家的现象;过去20年,欧洲和亚洲的许多高收入经济体经历了国家资本主义的显著扩张。通过使用政府资产负债表中的股票和投资基金份额数据,本文比较了自2000年以来30多个高收入经济体的国家资本主义实力。该数据集能够分析经济实体的总体和长期政府所有权。通过深入分析美国、英国和挪威的不同案例,本文还强调了历史、政治和社会经济背景在理解国家资本主义通过公司所有权的持续存在和政府影响方面的重要性。基于这些分析,本文挑战了将高收入经济体归类为自由资本主义经济体和将发展中经济体归类为国家资本主义经济体的“地理想象”的分析价值。
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引用次数: 4
How much opposition? Political fragmentation and changes in democracy 有多少人反对?政治分裂和民主变革
IF 2 3区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.1080/13569775.2021.2015086
E. Meka
ABSTRACT To what extent is political fragmentation associated with changes in democracy? The article uses the European integration process of ten Central and East European democracies to argue that political fragmentation is distinctly related to changes in democracy, depending on whether it is the government or opposition that is fragmented. Moreover, this association is mitigated by EU conditionality in the integration process. The paper tests the argument through the use of time-series cross-sectional data. The findings illustrate the importance of opposition fragmentation as an essential factor in explaining changes in democracy. In conclusion, the article draws attention to the understudied literature on opposition fragmentation by highlighting the theoretical implications of the findings for comparative politics and European integration.
政治分裂在多大程度上与民主变革有关?本文以十个中欧和东欧民主国家的欧洲一体化进程为例,论证了政治分裂与民主变革明显相关,这取决于分裂的是政府还是反对派。此外,欧盟在一体化进程中的条件性削弱了这种联系。本文通过使用时间序列横断面数据来验证这一论点。调查结果表明,反对派分裂是解释民主变化的一个重要因素。最后,本文通过强调研究结果对比较政治和欧洲一体化的理论意义,提请人们注意尚未得到充分研究的反对派分裂文献。
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引用次数: 1
Varieties of democratic understanding and political participation: multi-level evidence from the world 民主理解和政治参与的多样性:来自世界的多层次证据
IF 2 3区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-12-14 DOI: 10.1080/13569775.2021.2014630
Kursat Cinar, Asya Bulbul
ABSTRACT This article explores the linkage between different conceptualisations of democracy and forms of political participation. Specifically, it examines the correlates of conventional and unconventional modes of political participation, especially in light of three major understandings of democracy, namely liberal, redistributive, and authoritative understandings. This article maintains that different notions of democracy have their unique relationships with different forms of political participation. The article argues that people with a predominantly liberal notion of democracy are expected to partake in both conventional and unconventional modes of political participation, whereas those with an authoritative understanding of democracy are relatively more hesitant to take part in both forms. Finally, citizens with a redistributive notion of democracy are expected to appear more in unconventional forms of political participation, such as boycotts and lawful demonstrations. We test our arguments based on a global and up-to-date dataset and a multi-level framework, which covers more than 100,000 democratic citizens across the globe.
摘要本文探讨了不同的民主概念和政治参与形式之间的联系。具体而言,它考察了传统和非传统政治参与模式的相关性,特别是根据对民主的三大理解,即自由、再分配和权威的理解。本文认为,不同的民主观念与不同形式的政治参与有着独特的关系。文章认为,对民主观念以自由主义为主的人预计会参与传统和非传统的政治参与模式,而对民主有权威理解的人则相对更犹豫是否参与这两种形式。最后,具有再分配民主观念的公民预计会更多地以非传统的政治参与形式出现,如抵制和合法示威。我们基于一个全球最新的数据集和一个涵盖全球10多万民主公民的多层次框架来测试我们的论点。
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引用次数: 1
‘Exclusionary welfarism’: a new programmatic agenda for populist right-wing parties? “排外福利主义”:民粹主义右翼政党的新纲领?
IF 2 3区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-12-08 DOI: 10.1080/13569775.2021.2011644
M. Jessoula, M. Natili, E. Pavolini
ABSTRACT This article introduces a novel analytical framework to compare the changing positions of five populist right-wing parties in the field of welfare policies. Results outline that a novel programmatic approach on the socio economic dimension materialised, which clearly departs from traditional right wing ideologies. We call it ‘exclusionary welfarism’, characterised by (i) high salience of welfare issues, (ii) strong support for welfare state expansion, (iii) low support for the role of the market in welfare provision and (iv) the adoption of a chauvinistic stance in social policies. Furthermore, different profiles of exclusionary populist parties emerge. In fact, if both the salience of welfare issues and welfare chauvinism are shared across all parties’ manifestos considered here, the analysis shows high heterogeneity and varieties of exclusionary populist approaches among populist right-wing parties for what concerns the roles of the two main institutional spheres in welfare provision: state and market.
本文引入了一个新的分析框架来比较五个民粹主义右翼政党在福利政策领域的立场变化。结果表明,在社会经济维度上,一种新的纲领性方法得以实现,这明显有别于传统的右翼意识形态。我们称之为“排他性福利主义”,其特点是:(1)福利问题的高度突出,(2)大力支持福利国家的扩张,(3)对市场在福利提供中的作用的支持较低,以及(4)在社会政策中采取沙文主义立场。此外,排他性民粹主义政党出现了不同的形象。事实上,如果福利问题的突出性和福利沙文主义在这里考虑的所有政党的宣言中都是共享的,那么分析表明,民粹主义右翼政党在涉及福利提供的两个主要制度领域:国家和市场的角色时,排他性民粹主义方法的高度异质性和多样性。
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引用次数: 4
The Arab spring: why did the uprisings miss the monarchies? 阿拉伯之春:为什么起义错过了君主制?
IF 2 3区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-12-07 DOI: 10.1080/13569775.2021.2002547
Safa Al-Saeedi
ABSTRACT Tunisia's uprising ignited the 2011 Arab revolt, spreading rapidly across the republics and leaving, for the most part, the monarchies untouched. Explanations for why uprisings did not reach the monarchies have focused on oil wealth, regime legitimacy, economic grievances, and political culture as possible factors. However, attention to these factors leaves some anomalies unexplained. I argue that unlike the republics, long-term expanding of civil liberties in the monarchies accounts for why uprisings did not reach these countries too. Civil liberties affect uprisings via two mechanisms: citizens' perception of less grievances relative to the past, and their expectation of higher benefit if the regime endures. Enjoying more freedoms relative to earlier decades, monarchies' citizens felt less aggrieved and more optimistic that their political systems were capable and willing to grant more liberties in the future. Together, these mechanisms explain why Tunisia's revolution did not stimulate similar revolutionary attempts in these countries.
突尼斯的起义点燃了2011年的阿拉伯起义,迅速蔓延到各共和国,而在大多数情况下,君主制并未受到影响。对于起义为何没有波及到君主制国家的解释,主要集中在石油财富、政权合法性、经济不满和政治文化等可能的因素上。然而,对这些因素的关注使一些异常无法解释。我认为,与共和国不同,君主政体中公民自由的长期扩张解释了为什么起义没有波及到这些国家。公民自由通过两种机制影响起义:公民对过去的不满减少的看法,以及他们对政权持续下去的更高利益的期望。相对于前几十年享有更多的自由,君主制国家的公民感到不那么委屈,而且更加乐观地认为,他们的政治制度有能力、也愿意在未来给予更多的自由。总之,这些机制解释了为什么突尼斯革命没有在这些国家激发类似的革命尝试。
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引用次数: 0
Adjusting democracy indices to the age of mass migration: voting rights of denizens and expats 根据大规模移民的年龄调整民主指数:居民和外籍人士的投票权
IF 2 3区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-11-28 DOI: 10.1080/13569775.2021.2008617
D. Altman
ABSTRACT Contemporary migration flows affect virtually all aspects of the social fabric, democracy included. Focused on the competitiveness aspects of the regime, comparative measurements of democracy have underestimated the complexity of the Dahlian dimension of inclusiveness, a sine qua non for defining a polyarchy. This measurement paper proposes a new index of inclusiveness: Electoral Residential Inclusiveness. This measure, an alternative to the most frequently used ethnonational ones, assesses the size of the overlap between those who make the law and those who are subject to it. It is shown how some regimes—including some typically considered strong democracies—exhibit such a considerable gap between these two groups that their democratic credentials could be questioned. Regardless of the new metric's efficacy, one implication of this research is that measures of democracy need to be explicit about the complex normative decisions on how we conceptualize, measure, and aggregate the inclusiveness dimension of polyarchy.
当代移民流动几乎影响到社会结构的各个方面,包括民主。对民主的比较衡量只关注政权的竞争力方面,低估了达赫伦包容性维度的复杂性,而包容性维度是定义多元政治的必要条件。本文提出了一个新的包容性指标:选举住宅包容性。这个衡量标准是最常用的种族衡量标准的替代方案,它评估的是制定法律的人和受法律约束的人之间重叠的程度。本书展示了一些政体——包括一些通常被认为是强大的民主政体——如何在这两个群体之间表现出如此巨大的差距,以至于它们的民主资格可能受到质疑。无论新指标的有效性如何,这项研究的一个含义是,民主的衡量标准需要明确地说明我们如何概念化、衡量和汇总多元政治的包容性维度的复杂规范决策。
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引用次数: 3
Gender-affinity voting in legislative elections under open-list proportional representation rules: the legislative elections in Chile in 2017 开放名单比例代表制下立法选举中的性别亲和投票:2017年智利立法选举
IF 2 3区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.1080/13569775.2021.2007613
Ariel Becerra-Chávez, Patricio D. Navia
ABSTRACT In most democracies, women are a majority in the electorate, but men are the majority of those elected. Previous studies on gender affinity voting that point to substantive, descriptive and symbolic representation are often based on polling date and focus on whether women issues were central in the election. Since electoral rules—including candidate gender quotas—impact the choices voters have, we use a novel database with precinct-level voting data for 960 candidates (397 women) in the 28 open-list proportional representation districts for the 2017 Chamber of Deputies election in Chile to identify the determinants of gender affinity voting for candidates in same party matchups and whether gender affinity voting differently impacted left and rightwing parties. Using 35,120 precincts, we analyze 1,344,098 data points for individual candidates’ vote shares. We find statistically significant, but not substantive, gender affinity voting, especially favorable to women candidates in leftwing parties.
在大多数民主国家,女性在选民中占多数,但男性在当选者中占多数。以往关于性别亲和投票的研究指出了实质性、描述性和象征性的代表性,这些研究往往基于投票日期,并关注妇女问题是否在选举中处于中心地位。由于选举规则(包括候选人性别配额)会影响选民的选择,我们使用了一个新的数据库,其中包含2017年智利众议院选举28个开放名单比例代表区960名候选人(397名女性)的选区级投票数据,以确定在同一政党竞争中候选人性别亲和投票的决定因素,以及性别亲和投票对左翼和右翼政党的影响是否不同。使用35,120个选区,我们分析了1,344,098个数据点,以获得单个候选人的投票份额。我们发现,性别亲和投票在统计上是显著的,但不是实质性的,尤其是对左翼政党的女性候选人有利。
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引用次数: 1
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Contemporary Politics
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