Shashidhara Kc, Savitha V, Derek Jonathan Edwin, Mirza Asgar Baig, Sai Surya Chukkapalli
Background: Acute pesticide poisoning is a global health concern, with organophosphorus compounds contributing significantly. Neonicotinoids, like imidacloprid, have emerged as alternative insecticides due to their selective action on pest nervous systems. This case report explores imidacloprid poisoning, emphasizing clinical manifestations and the ongoing search for safer pesticides. Methods: A 46-year-old male, chronic smoker, and alcoholic, presented with suicidal imidacloprid poisoning. The patient experienced seizures, central nervous system (CNS) depression, hyponatremia, and respiratory arrest, necessitating mechanical ventilation. The case details the comprehensive evaluation, including imaging studies, and presents vital signs, laboratory results, and physical examinations. The patient received supportive care, and the discussion outlines the treatment strategy, highlighting the challenges and successes in managing imidacloprid toxicity. Conclusion: This case underscores the complexity of imidacloprid poisoning, particularly noting convulsions secondary to hyponatremia. It stresses the need for further research into imidacloprid's metabolic effects and advocates for vigilant monitoring and supportive care in such cases. The report calls for increased reporting to enhance understanding and knowledge sharing regarding the potential toxic effects of imidacloprid, contributing to better management strategies for pesticide poisoning.
{"title":"Imidaclopride associated Convulsions - A rare case report","authors":"Shashidhara Kc, Savitha V, Derek Jonathan Edwin, Mirza Asgar Baig, Sai Surya Chukkapalli","doi":"10.37506/tf74zn70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/tf74zn70","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acute pesticide poisoning is a global health concern, with organophosphorus compounds contributing significantly. Neonicotinoids, like imidacloprid, have emerged as alternative insecticides due to their selective action on pest nervous systems. This case report explores imidacloprid poisoning, emphasizing clinical manifestations and the ongoing search for safer pesticides.\u0000Methods: A 46-year-old male, chronic smoker, and alcoholic, presented with suicidal imidacloprid poisoning. The patient experienced seizures, central nervous system (CNS) depression, hyponatremia, and respiratory arrest, necessitating mechanical ventilation. The case details the comprehensive evaluation, including imaging studies, and presents vital signs, laboratory results, and physical examinations. The patient received supportive care, and the discussion outlines the treatment strategy, highlighting the challenges and successes in managing imidacloprid toxicity.\u0000Conclusion: This case underscores the complexity of imidacloprid poisoning, particularly noting convulsions secondary to hyponatremia. It stresses the need for further research into imidacloprid's metabolic effects and advocates for vigilant monitoring and supportive care in such cases. The report calls for increased reporting to enhance understanding and knowledge sharing regarding the potential toxic effects of imidacloprid, contributing to better management strategies for pesticide poisoning.","PeriodicalId":516766,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141660175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Identifying individuals by determining their body parameters plays a major role in criminalinvestigation. These parameters play an integral role in the identification of a person. Teeth, particularly canines,can help in identification, as they are the most stable teeth in the oral cavity because of the labiolingual thickness of the crown and root anchorage in the alveolar process.Aim: To establish a relationship, if any between the crown length of the maxillary canine tooth and the facialheight of an adult individual and intersex differences.Materials and methods: This study was conducted at a dental college where patients reported for treatment. The study group comprised 100 participants (50 men and 50 women, aged 18-23 years. To measure the facial height,photographs were taken and analyzed using Adobe Photoshop software. The face was divided into the upper,middle and lower thirds considering the hairlines, glabella, subnasalis, and menton as reference points. The length between the hairline and glabella is the upper facial height (UFH), that between the glabella and subnasalis is the middle facial height (MFH), and that between the subnasalis and menton is the lower facial height (LFH). For tooth measurements, impressions of the upper arches were made using alginate and dental stone casts were obtained. The length between the cervical line and cusp tip is the canine height(CH) and the mesiodistal length is the canine width(CW). Measurements of teeth were recorded using digital verniercalliper. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SSPS) version 16. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the correlation between facial height and canine height.Results: Total Facial Height (TFH), Canine Height (CH), Canine Width (CW) in males and females was done using descriptive statistics. This study demonstrated a correlation between TFH and CH in both men and women. This study showed that, as TFH increased, CH also increased. Therefore, TFH and CH were directly proportional, and hence there was a correlation between TFH and CH.Conclusion: The total facial and canine heights are directly proportional to each other. There is a correlationbetween the facial height and canine height.
{"title":"Correlation of Canine Height to Overall Facial Height: An Observational Study","authors":"Revati Keluskar, Namrata Patil, A. Bagewadi, Bds, Senior Lecturer Namratha Patil","doi":"10.37506/yfqdwp76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/yfqdwp76","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Identifying individuals by determining their body parameters plays a major role in criminalinvestigation. These parameters play an integral role in the identification of a person. Teeth, particularly canines,can help in identification, as they are the most stable teeth in the oral cavity because of the labiolingual thickness of the crown and root anchorage in the alveolar process.Aim: To establish a relationship, if any between the crown length of the maxillary canine tooth and the facialheight of an adult individual and intersex differences.Materials and methods: This study was conducted at a dental college where patients reported for treatment. The study group comprised 100 participants (50 men and 50 women, aged 18-23 years. To measure the facial height,photographs were taken and analyzed using Adobe Photoshop software. The face was divided into the upper,middle and lower thirds considering the hairlines, glabella, subnasalis, and menton as reference points. The length between the hairline and glabella is the upper facial height (UFH), that between the glabella and subnasalis is the middle facial height (MFH), and that between the subnasalis and menton is the lower facial height (LFH). For tooth measurements, impressions of the upper arches were made using alginate and dental stone casts were obtained. The length between the cervical line and cusp tip is the canine height(CH) and the mesiodistal length is the canine width(CW). Measurements of teeth were recorded using digital verniercalliper. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SSPS) version 16. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the correlation between facial height and canine height.Results: Total Facial Height (TFH), Canine Height (CH), Canine Width (CW) in males and females was done using descriptive statistics. This study demonstrated a correlation between TFH and CH in both men and women. This study showed that, as TFH increased, CH also increased. Therefore, TFH and CH were directly proportional, and hence there was a correlation between TFH and CH.Conclusion: The total facial and canine heights are directly proportional to each other. There is a correlationbetween the facial height and canine height.","PeriodicalId":516766,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140503921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A postmortem examination is still under an umbrella of misconceptions, myths, and emotions amongst thepeople as well as physicians. The knowledge and attitude of the general public towards medicolegal postmortem examination have not been investigated thoroughly. This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge and attitude towards postmortem examination amongst the residents of Imphal West. A total of 450 participants were approached and analyzed. It was observed that 41% of the participants had adequate knowledge about the medicolegal postmortem examinations. Further, 11 % of the participants had negative attitude towards the postmortem procedure. Despite having an important role in the machinery of justice, the knowledge andattitude of the general public towards autopsy is still poor. From the findings of our study, it is evident thatmyths, misconceptions and lack of awareness still exist in the minds of people about postmortem examinations.There is a need for clarification about the essence of postmortem examination, which is an important tool in the administration of justice.
{"title":"Knowledge and Attitude towards Post-mortem Examination amongst the Residents of Imphal West","authors":"A. Haricharan, T. M. Devi, B. Akoijam","doi":"10.37506/kef4ew52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/kef4ew52","url":null,"abstract":"A postmortem examination is still under an umbrella of misconceptions, myths, and emotions amongst thepeople as well as physicians. The knowledge and attitude of the general public towards medicolegal postmortem examination have not been investigated thoroughly. This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge and attitude towards postmortem examination amongst the residents of Imphal West. A total of 450 participants were approached and analyzed. It was observed that 41% of the participants had adequate knowledge about the medicolegal postmortem examinations. Further, 11 % of the participants had negative attitude towards the postmortem procedure. Despite having an important role in the machinery of justice, the knowledge andattitude of the general public towards autopsy is still poor. From the findings of our study, it is evident thatmyths, misconceptions and lack of awareness still exist in the minds of people about postmortem examinations.There is a need for clarification about the essence of postmortem examination, which is an important tool in the administration of justice.","PeriodicalId":516766,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140504050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Falls are the second leading cause of unintentional injury deaths worldwide. Falls not only causes Mortality, but also Morbidity resulting in disabilities and loss of productivity. Death due to falls not only occurs in victims falling from a height but also in Ground level falls.Aim: To study the age and sex distribution, place, surface, time, and outcome of fatal accidental Ground LevelFalls.Methods: The present study was carried out as a descriptive study in which medico legal autopsies of 115 victims of ground level fall victims were included. Lettule’s method of en masse removal of viscera and dissection of organs was used for conducting medico legal autopsy. The Collected data was entered in MS excel and analysed.Conclusion: The current study revealed that most victims of ground level falls were more than 50 years of age and indoor falls were more common than outdoor falls.62% of the victims had suffered head injury. Effective fall prevention programmes should be framed to reduce the number of people who fall.
背景：跌倒是全球意外伤害死亡的第二大主要原因。跌倒不仅会导致死亡，还会导致残疾和生产力损失。目标：研究致命意外地面坠落的年龄和性别分布、地点、表面、时间和结果：本研究是一项描述性研究，其中包括对 115 名地面坠落事故受害者的法医尸检。在进行医学解剖时，采用了莱图尔法（Lettule's method of en masse removal of viscera and dissection of organs）。收集的数据输入 MS excel 并进行分析：目前的研究显示，大多数地面坠落的受害者年龄在 50 岁以上，室内坠落比室外坠落更常见。应制定有效的预防跌倒计划，以减少跌倒人数。
{"title":"Epidemiologies of Fatal Ground Level Falls in Autopsies Conducted in A Tertiary Care Hospital: A cross sectional Study","authors":"Uthayakumar R., Rama V, Sabitha Devi C","doi":"10.37506/kty65s31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/kty65s31","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Falls are the second leading cause of unintentional injury deaths worldwide. Falls not only causes Mortality, but also Morbidity resulting in disabilities and loss of productivity. Death due to falls not only occurs in victims falling from a height but also in Ground level falls.Aim: To study the age and sex distribution, place, surface, time, and outcome of fatal accidental Ground LevelFalls.Methods: The present study was carried out as a descriptive study in which medico legal autopsies of 115 victims of ground level fall victims were included. Lettule’s method of en masse removal of viscera and dissection of organs was used for conducting medico legal autopsy. The Collected data was entered in MS excel and analysed.Conclusion: The current study revealed that most victims of ground level falls were more than 50 years of age and indoor falls were more common than outdoor falls.62% of the victims had suffered head injury. Effective fall prevention programmes should be framed to reduce the number of people who fall.","PeriodicalId":516766,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140504180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The head is the most vital part of the body among various organs as the injury to the head will result in fataloutcomes compared to injuries sustained to other parts of the body. There has been an increased global incidence of head injuries in case of homicidal deaths. The present study aims to estimate the various patterns of the skull fractures in case of homicidal deaths and also the nature of injury causing such skull fractures in homicidal deaths.The present cross-sectional study revealed that out of 4036 autopsies, there were 74 cases of homicidal deaths with 67 male and 7 female cases. The skull fracture was noticed in 54 cases out of these 74 cases. The maximum number of homicidal deaths were found to be in the age group of 21 to 40 years. Among the different types of skull fractures, the isolated cut fracture contributed to 46.30% of cases followed by isolated fissured fractures and then by the combination of other types of skull fractures. The nature of injury causing skull fractures was blunt force in 51.8% of the cases then by sharp force injuries and then by the combination of these two. To bring down the incidence of homicidal deaths among the younger individuals, strict enforcements of law may be ensued on possession of blunt and sharp force weapons which are used for the brutal attacks.
{"title":"Estimation of Pattern of Skull Fractures in Homicidal Deaths: An Autopsy Based Cross Sectional Study Conducted in a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"P.Praveen Kumar, K.Priyatharsini, S.Balasubramanian","doi":"10.37506/kvapxj72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/kvapxj72","url":null,"abstract":"The head is the most vital part of the body among various organs as the injury to the head will result in fataloutcomes compared to injuries sustained to other parts of the body. There has been an increased global incidence of head injuries in case of homicidal deaths. The present study aims to estimate the various patterns of the skull fractures in case of homicidal deaths and also the nature of injury causing such skull fractures in homicidal deaths.The present cross-sectional study revealed that out of 4036 autopsies, there were 74 cases of homicidal deaths with 67 male and 7 female cases. The skull fracture was noticed in 54 cases out of these 74 cases. The maximum number of homicidal deaths were found to be in the age group of 21 to 40 years. Among the different types of skull fractures, the isolated cut fracture contributed to 46.30% of cases followed by isolated fissured fractures and then by the combination of other types of skull fractures. The nature of injury causing skull fractures was blunt force in 51.8% of the cases then by sharp force injuries and then by the combination of these two. To bring down the incidence of homicidal deaths among the younger individuals, strict enforcements of law may be ensued on possession of blunt and sharp force weapons which are used for the brutal attacks.","PeriodicalId":516766,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140504287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sadhu Rama, Mohana Rao, Sravani Yandava, T. Mohit, Kumar Moses, K. A. Rupesh, K. Satyasree, K. Mamatha, Anuradha Argi
Background: DNA’s role in forensic practice is widely acknowledged for its unparalleled accuracy in identification. While developed countries have established molecular autopsy programs as early as two decades ago, India is yet to initiate such a program. The isolation of DNA serves as the crucial first step in the molecular autopsy protocol. The postmortem blood sample is one of the good sources for DNA extraction which wasn’t considered with rigor by the scientific community so far.Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the specific time period within which DNA canbe effectively extracted from postmortem blood samples. The objective was to identify if there are patterns in the quality and purity of the extracted DNA based on the postmortem interval. Additionally, the study aimed to investigate if the cause of death influenced DNA extractability.Observation and Results: DNA can be extracted from postmortem blood within a timeframe of up to 72 hours after death, given that the deceased body was preserved in cold storage within 12 hours after death. Both the salting out method and the phenol-chloroform method yielded bands of comparable quality, with the phenol-chloroform method showing a slightly higher DNA yield. The average absorbance ratio was 1.4 for the salting out method and 1.6 for the phenol chloroform method, as determined using a Nanodrop.Conclusion: This study concluded that DNA extraction from postmortem blood samples is feasible within 72hours after death. The integrity of the DNA remained intact during this time, but the quality and purity gradually decreased as the postmortem interval increased. The cause of death did not significantly affect DNA extractability.
背景：DNA 在法医实践中的作用因其无与伦比的鉴定准确性而得到广泛认可。发达国家早在二十年前就建立了分子尸检计划，但印度尚未启动此类计划。DNA 分离是分子解剖方案中至关重要的第一步。死后血液样本是提取 DNA 的良好来源之一，但迄今为止科学界尚未对其进行严格考虑：本研究旨在调查从死后血液样本中有效提取 DNA 的特定时间段。目的是确定根据死后时间间隔提取 DNA 的质量和纯度是否存在模式。此外，研究还旨在调查死因是否会影响 DNA 的提取：观察与结果：鉴于死者尸体在死后 12 小时内被冷藏保存，DNA 可在死后 72 小时内从死后血液中提取。盐析法和苯酚-氯仿法得到的条带质量相当，苯酚-氯仿法的 DNA 得率稍高。用 Nanodrop 测定，盐析法和苯酚-氯仿法的平均吸光度比分别为 1.4 和 1.6：本研究得出结论，从死后 72 小时内的血液样本中提取 DNA 是可行的。在这段时间内，DNA 的完整性保持完好，但随着死后间隔时间的延长，DNA 的质量和纯度逐渐下降。死因对 DNA 的可提取性没有明显影响。
{"title":"DNA Extraction from Postmortem Blood: A Pilot Study for Advancing Molecular Diagnostics in Forensic Medicine Casework","authors":"Sadhu Rama, Mohana Rao, Sravani Yandava, T. Mohit, Kumar Moses, K. A. Rupesh, K. Satyasree, K. Mamatha, Anuradha Argi","doi":"10.37506/1p784p86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/1p784p86","url":null,"abstract":"Background: DNA’s role in forensic practice is widely acknowledged for its unparalleled accuracy in identification. While developed countries have established molecular autopsy programs as early as two decades ago, India is yet to initiate such a program. The isolation of DNA serves as the crucial first step in the molecular autopsy protocol. The postmortem blood sample is one of the good sources for DNA extraction which wasn’t considered with rigor by the scientific community so far.Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the specific time period within which DNA canbe effectively extracted from postmortem blood samples. The objective was to identify if there are patterns in the quality and purity of the extracted DNA based on the postmortem interval. Additionally, the study aimed to investigate if the cause of death influenced DNA extractability.Observation and Results: DNA can be extracted from postmortem blood within a timeframe of up to 72 hours after death, given that the deceased body was preserved in cold storage within 12 hours after death. Both the salting out method and the phenol-chloroform method yielded bands of comparable quality, with the phenol-chloroform method showing a slightly higher DNA yield. The average absorbance ratio was 1.4 for the salting out method and 1.6 for the phenol chloroform method, as determined using a Nanodrop.Conclusion: This study concluded that DNA extraction from postmortem blood samples is feasible within 72hours after death. The integrity of the DNA remained intact during this time, but the quality and purity gradually decreased as the postmortem interval increased. The cause of death did not significantly affect DNA extractability.","PeriodicalId":516766,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140503815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amitraz is a pesticide commonly used in agriculture and veterinary practice to repel ectoparasites and insects. Poisoning with amitraz is rare especially for the purpose of self-harm. Although rarely fatal, it can result in significant symptoms. Management typically involves symptomatic treatment. We report a 34-year-old man who attempted suicide by ingesting amitraz presenting with unconsciousness. He had miosis, persistent bradycardiaand extreme hypotension. Symptomatic treatment recovered him well with discharge from care with nocomplications and good health within 36 hours.
{"title":"A Case Report of Amitraz Poisoning","authors":"Chithrapathra K.E., Munasinghe R.H, Silva F.H.D.S.","doi":"10.37506/5qvens14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/5qvens14","url":null,"abstract":"Amitraz is a pesticide commonly used in agriculture and veterinary practice to repel ectoparasites and insects. Poisoning with amitraz is rare especially for the purpose of self-harm. Although rarely fatal, it can result in significant symptoms. Management typically involves symptomatic treatment. We report a 34-year-old man who attempted suicide by ingesting amitraz presenting with unconsciousness. He had miosis, persistent bradycardiaand extreme hypotension. Symptomatic treatment recovered him well with discharge from care with nocomplications and good health within 36 hours.","PeriodicalId":516766,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140504203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Khan, Manisha Verma, Sangeeta Kumari, A. Verma, Kahkashan Riaz, Comparative
Introduction: Since teeth are easily approachable and each having different morphology, they form an excellent medicolegal and anthropological tool for sex estimation. Sexual dimorphism is difference in size and appearance among male and female teeth that can be applied for determination of sex. The basis of estimation of sex is comparing tooth parameters in male and female individual. Canine teeth shows highest sexual dimorphism among all teeth. Mesiodistal width of maxillary and mandibular canine can be used for sex determination based on sexual dimorphism.Aim: The aim of our study was to evaluate the comparative sex estimation by mandibular canine index andmaxillary canine index in north Indian population.Materials and Methods: The sample comprised of dental impression from 120 individuals (60 males and 60females), all young adults between 20 and 35 years of age. Impressions of the teeth were made using irreversible hydrocolloid (alginate) material and casts poured in dental stone. Mesiodistal dimensions and intercanine distance of mandibular and maxillary canine of both right and left side was measured by caliper. Mandibular and maxillary canine index was calculated by formula given by Nageshwar Rao et al.Results: Data were summarized as Mean and SD. Groups (in Gender Male vs female) were compared by unpaired or independent Student’s t test. When the level of accuracy for sex determination was measured using canine index it was found that 65% males and 65.83% females were predicted correctly. When maxillary canine index was used the sex was correctly predicted in it was found that 40.83% females and 32.50% males were predicted correctly.Conclusion: Mandibular and maxillary canine index can be used for sex estimation in North Indian population but accuracy of mandibular canine index is better than maxillary canine index.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Mandibular Canine Index and Maxillary Canine Index in Sex Estimation among North Indian Population","authors":"M. A. Khan, Manisha Verma, Sangeeta Kumari, A. Verma, Kahkashan Riaz, Comparative","doi":"10.37506/9q1xt843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/9q1xt843","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Since teeth are easily approachable and each having different morphology, they form an excellent medicolegal and anthropological tool for sex estimation. Sexual dimorphism is difference in size and appearance among male and female teeth that can be applied for determination of sex. The basis of estimation of sex is comparing tooth parameters in male and female individual. Canine teeth shows highest sexual dimorphism among all teeth. Mesiodistal width of maxillary and mandibular canine can be used for sex determination based on sexual dimorphism.Aim: The aim of our study was to evaluate the comparative sex estimation by mandibular canine index andmaxillary canine index in north Indian population.Materials and Methods: The sample comprised of dental impression from 120 individuals (60 males and 60females), all young adults between 20 and 35 years of age. Impressions of the teeth were made using irreversible hydrocolloid (alginate) material and casts poured in dental stone. Mesiodistal dimensions and intercanine distance of mandibular and maxillary canine of both right and left side was measured by caliper. Mandibular and maxillary canine index was calculated by formula given by Nageshwar Rao et al.Results: Data were summarized as Mean and SD. Groups (in Gender Male vs female) were compared by unpaired or independent Student’s t test. When the level of accuracy for sex determination was measured using canine index it was found that 65% males and 65.83% females were predicted correctly. When maxillary canine index was used the sex was correctly predicted in it was found that 40.83% females and 32.50% males were predicted correctly.Conclusion: Mandibular and maxillary canine index can be used for sex estimation in North Indian population but accuracy of mandibular canine index is better than maxillary canine index.","PeriodicalId":516766,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140504336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. K. Punia, Suresh Kumar Kajala, Siddharth Vijay Vergia, Dipender Singh
Background: Bone age is an indicator of the skeletal and biological maturity of an individual. Skeletal ossification progression studies are one of them and are admissible in court as unparalleled scientific evidence for age estimation. Age group of juveniles between 12 - 18 years is dealt with special laws for medico- legal cases.Aims & Objective: To observe age of appearance and fusion of ossification centers of hip joint and pelvic bone in adolescent population of Jaipur.Material & Methodology: An observational prospective study that used inclusion and exclusion criteria wasconducted. Healthy Adolescents of 12-18 years of age group from Jaipur were taken in the study. The presentstudy had been conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, SMS Hospital, Jaipur withDepartment of Radiology, SMS Medical College and Attached Hospitals, Jaipur during the period from June 2021to May 2022.Result & Observation: Appearance of triradiate cartilage was found earliest at the age of 12 – 13 years in bothsexes, complete fusion was found earliest at the age 13 - 14 years in females and 14 – 15 years in males. Appearance of ossification centre of Ischial Tuberosity was found earliest at the age of 12 – 13 years in males and females; old fusion is earliest found at the age of 17 - 18 years in females and was not found in males. Appearance of ossification centre of Iliac Crest was found earliest at the age of 12 – 13 years in males and females; old fusion is earliest found at the age of 17 - 18 years in both male & females. Appearance of ossification centre of Pubis was found earliest at the age of 12 – 13 years in males and females; old fusion is earliest found at the age of 17 - 18 years in females and was not found in males.Conclusion: Appearance and fusion of ossification centers for hip joint & pelvis joint can be implemented inroutine forensic practice for 12 – 18 years age group to opine about age of subjects with lesser age range.
{"title":"Age Estimation among 12-18 Years Children by Studying the Ossification Centers of Hip Joint and Pelvis","authors":"R. K. Punia, Suresh Kumar Kajala, Siddharth Vijay Vergia, Dipender Singh","doi":"10.37506/jetajz51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/jetajz51","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bone age is an indicator of the skeletal and biological maturity of an individual. Skeletal ossification progression studies are one of them and are admissible in court as unparalleled scientific evidence for age estimation. Age group of juveniles between 12 - 18 years is dealt with special laws for medico- legal cases.Aims & Objective: To observe age of appearance and fusion of ossification centers of hip joint and pelvic bone in adolescent population of Jaipur.Material & Methodology: An observational prospective study that used inclusion and exclusion criteria wasconducted. Healthy Adolescents of 12-18 years of age group from Jaipur were taken in the study. The presentstudy had been conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, SMS Hospital, Jaipur withDepartment of Radiology, SMS Medical College and Attached Hospitals, Jaipur during the period from June 2021to May 2022.Result & Observation: Appearance of triradiate cartilage was found earliest at the age of 12 – 13 years in bothsexes, complete fusion was found earliest at the age 13 - 14 years in females and 14 – 15 years in males. Appearance of ossification centre of Ischial Tuberosity was found earliest at the age of 12 – 13 years in males and females; old fusion is earliest found at the age of 17 - 18 years in females and was not found in males. Appearance of ossification centre of Iliac Crest was found earliest at the age of 12 – 13 years in males and females; old fusion is earliest found at the age of 17 - 18 years in both male & females. Appearance of ossification centre of Pubis was found earliest at the age of 12 – 13 years in males and females; old fusion is earliest found at the age of 17 - 18 years in females and was not found in males.Conclusion: Appearance and fusion of ossification centers for hip joint & pelvis joint can be implemented inroutine forensic practice for 12 – 18 years age group to opine about age of subjects with lesser age range.","PeriodicalId":516766,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140504036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Ajas Khan, Nelapati Sushanth, M. D. V. Rajasekhar.
Background: The aim is to study the pattern of suicidal deaths, demographic profile including various contributary factors of victims and analyze the magnitude of deaths in and around Vijayawada part of Andhra Pradesh so that preventive measures can be set up to avoid such situation. A death by suicide is defined as the deliberate termination of life. For a death to be a suicide, it should be an un-natural death, the desire to die should originate within the person, and there should be a reason for ending their life, according to the National Crime Records Bureau. While India’s suicide rate of 14.04/lakh population in 2019 puts it at 49th rank globally, the grim reality of the highest numbers of suicides being reported annually from India cannot be overlooked. When you look at suicide deaths, the highest suicide rates are in the south. In central India, including Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan, you have “middling suicide rates”, and the rate falls up north, in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.Material & Methods: A five years retrospective and cross-sectional study was conducted in Forensic Medicineand Toxicology Department, Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh. All the autopsiesconducted on victims of suicidal deaths during the period from Jan, 2016 to Dec, 2020 were studied from theavailable data. Inclusion criteria includes all the suicidal deaths due to poisoning, hanging and self-immolation by burns. Exclusion criteria includes suicidal deaths from causes other than poisoning, hanging and suicidal burns like drowning, electrocution, fall from height etc.Results: It is clear that committing suicide by consuming poison accounts for major number of deaths followed by committing suicide by hanging and least followed by committing suicide by self-immolation. It is also clear that committing suicides has increased year by year from 2016 to 2020 irrespective of committing suicide by hanging, poisoning. Coming to sex pattern, suicide by hanging was observed more in males. Sex pattern in suicidal deaths due to poisoning clearly showed that females outnumbered males. Sex pattern in suicidal deaths due to self-immolation clearly showed that females outnumbered males with high margin. Coming to the age pattern in committing suicidal deaths by hanging, 30 – 45 years age group showed highest incidence year by year followed by 45 – 60 years and least among 15 – 25 years age group. Where as in case of suicidal deaths by poisoning and self-immolation, incidence was highest in 30 – 45 age group followed by 15 – 30 years age group and least among 45 – 60 years group. Conclusion: According to the World Health Organization, in India, suicide is an emerging and serious publichealth issue. Suicide rates in India have been rising over the past five decades. India’s contribution to globalsuicide deaths increased from 25.3% in 1990 to 36.6% in 2016 among women, and from 18.7% to 24.3% among men. In 2016, suicide was the most common cause of death
{"title":"A Study on Pattern of Suicidal Deaths Brought for Medicolegal Autopsy at Mortuary of Siddhartha Medical College and Govt. General Hospital, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh","authors":"Mohammad Ajas Khan, Nelapati Sushanth, M. D. V. Rajasekhar.","doi":"10.37506/bj8xh441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/bj8xh441","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim is to study the pattern of suicidal deaths, demographic profile including various contributary factors of victims and analyze the magnitude of deaths in and around Vijayawada part of Andhra Pradesh so that preventive measures can be set up to avoid such situation. A death by suicide is defined as the deliberate termination of life. For a death to be a suicide, it should be an un-natural death, the desire to die should originate within the person, and there should be a reason for ending their life, according to the National Crime Records Bureau. While India’s suicide rate of 14.04/lakh population in 2019 puts it at 49th rank globally, the grim reality of the highest numbers of suicides being reported annually from India cannot be overlooked. When you look at suicide deaths, the highest suicide rates are in the south. In central India, including Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan, you have “middling suicide rates”, and the rate falls up north, in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.Material & Methods: A five years retrospective and cross-sectional study was conducted in Forensic Medicineand Toxicology Department, Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh. All the autopsiesconducted on victims of suicidal deaths during the period from Jan, 2016 to Dec, 2020 were studied from theavailable data. Inclusion criteria includes all the suicidal deaths due to poisoning, hanging and self-immolation by burns. Exclusion criteria includes suicidal deaths from causes other than poisoning, hanging and suicidal burns like drowning, electrocution, fall from height etc.Results: It is clear that committing suicide by consuming poison accounts for major number of deaths followed by committing suicide by hanging and least followed by committing suicide by self-immolation. It is also clear that committing suicides has increased year by year from 2016 to 2020 irrespective of committing suicide by hanging, poisoning. Coming to sex pattern, suicide by hanging was observed more in males. Sex pattern in suicidal deaths due to poisoning clearly showed that females outnumbered males. Sex pattern in suicidal deaths due to self-immolation clearly showed that females outnumbered males with high margin. Coming to the age pattern in committing suicidal deaths by hanging, 30 – 45 years age group showed highest incidence year by year followed by 45 – 60 years and least among 15 – 25 years age group. Where as in case of suicidal deaths by poisoning and self-immolation, incidence was highest in 30 – 45 age group followed by 15 – 30 years age group and least among 45 – 60 years group. \u0000Conclusion: According to the World Health Organization, in India, suicide is an emerging and serious publichealth issue. Suicide rates in India have been rising over the past five decades. India’s contribution to globalsuicide deaths increased from 25.3% in 1990 to 36.6% in 2016 among women, and from 18.7% to 24.3% among men. In 2016, suicide was the most common cause of death ","PeriodicalId":516766,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140504171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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