Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1680/jtran.2024.177.4.201
Cláudio Horas
{"title":"Editorial: Integrated view of the transport system","authors":"Cláudio Horas","doi":"10.1680/jtran.2024.177.4.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.2024.177.4.201","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":516934,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport","volume":"1991 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141852089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a widely used strategic performance management tool to evaluate airport performance. However, earlier studies identified shortcomings in DEA. The first is using traditional DEA models for single-phase modelling of intricate structures like airports. The second is that when DEA calculates efficiency scores, some important aspects are ignored with zero weights. The purpose of this study is to determine whether a minimax two-phase DEA model can address these issues in performance evaluations of complex units like airports by achieving more consistent efficiency scores and ranks. To evaluate airport performance, two models are compared: the minimax two-phase DEA model based on Common Set of Weights (CSWs) and the common multiplicative two-phase DEA model. Data from 42 Turkish airports covering the years 2014–2019 is analysed for this purpose. The two phases of an airport model are flight infrastructure and flight consolidation. The results demonstrate that more consistent rankings and efficiency scores are obtained when the minimax two-phase DEA model based on CSW is used. The study highlights the model's benefits for strategic performance evaluation and offers recommendations for policymakers and airport engineers regarding further investments.
数据包络分析（DEA）是一种广泛使用的战略绩效管理工具，用于评估机场绩效。然而，早期的研究发现了 DEA 的不足之处。首先是使用传统的 DEA 模型对机场等复杂结构进行单阶段建模。其次，当 DEA 计算效率分数时，一些重要方面被忽略，权重为零。本研究的目的是确定最小两阶段 DEA 模型是否能在机场等复杂单位的绩效评估中解决这些问题，实现更一致的效率得分和排名。为了评估机场绩效，本研究比较了两种模型：基于通用权重集（CSW）的最小两阶段 DEA 模型和通用乘法两阶段 DEA 模型。为此分析了土耳其 42 个机场 2014-2019 年的数据。机场模型的两个阶段是航班基础设施和航班整合。结果表明，在使用基于 CSW 的最小两阶段 DEA 模型时，可获得更一致的排名和效率得分。研究强调了该模型在战略绩效评估方面的优势，并为政策制定者和机场工程师提供了有关进一步投资的建议。
{"title":"Assessment of Turkish airport performances via two-phase network DEA models based on CSWs","authors":"Edib Ali Pehli̇vanli, Volkan Soner Özsoy","doi":"10.1680/jtran.23.00111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.23.00111","url":null,"abstract":"Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a widely used strategic performance management tool to evaluate airport performance. However, earlier studies identified shortcomings in DEA. The first is using traditional DEA models for single-phase modelling of intricate structures like airports. The second is that when DEA calculates efficiency scores, some important aspects are ignored with zero weights. The purpose of this study is to determine whether a minimax two-phase DEA model can address these issues in performance evaluations of complex units like airports by achieving more consistent efficiency scores and ranks. To evaluate airport performance, two models are compared: the minimax two-phase DEA model based on Common Set of Weights (CSWs) and the common multiplicative two-phase DEA model. Data from 42 Turkish airports covering the years 2014–2019 is analysed for this purpose. The two phases of an airport model are flight infrastructure and flight consolidation. The results demonstrate that more consistent rankings and efficiency scores are obtained when the minimax two-phase DEA model based on CSW is used. The study highlights the model's benefits for strategic performance evaluation and offers recommendations for policymakers and airport engineers regarding further investments.","PeriodicalId":516934,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport","volume":" 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141371736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the Covid-19 pandemic affects all human beings’ life in their daily routines, the transportation sector is one of the most effected services all around the World. To be able to measure the effect of pandemic on transportation, different instruments are used. In this study, trip generation modelling was performed first to understand what factors trigger trip making and how they affect rail passenger flow (RPF) in general and it is aimed to measure the loss in RPF due to Covid-19 pandemic with these trip generation models. 2011-2019 daily RPF data from station to station in Türkiye was used for trip generation models and 2016 rail passenger survey data was used for understanding geographical characteristics of the flow. It is seen that instead of one model covering the whole country, it is more suitable to form different models for specific regions. With region based trip generation models, the Covid-19 effect on RPF on the mainlines was measured for the year 2020. Modelled values were anticipated numbers for the no-pandemic condition, therefore by comparing the modelled and observed data, we could understand how Covid-19 affected the traffic.
{"title":"Measuring Covid-19 effect on rail passenger flow with geographical region based trip generation models","authors":"Üsame Ekici","doi":"10.1680/jtran.23.00060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.23.00060","url":null,"abstract":"As the Covid-19 pandemic affects all human beings’ life in their daily routines, the transportation sector is one of the most effected services all around the World. To be able to measure the effect of pandemic on transportation, different instruments are used. In this study, trip generation modelling was performed first to understand what factors trigger trip making and how they affect rail passenger flow (RPF) in general and it is aimed to measure the loss in RPF due to Covid-19 pandemic with these trip generation models. 2011-2019 daily RPF data from station to station in Türkiye was used for trip generation models and 2016 rail passenger survey data was used for understanding geographical characteristics of the flow. It is seen that instead of one model covering the whole country, it is more suitable to form different models for specific regions. With region based trip generation models, the Covid-19 effect on RPF on the mainlines was measured for the year 2020. Modelled values were anticipated numbers for the no-pandemic condition, therefore by comparing the modelled and observed data, we could understand how Covid-19 affected the traffic.","PeriodicalId":516934,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport","volume":"8 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141100595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 pandemic led to fundamental changes in working and commuting patterns for a segment of the workforce with significant impact on the level of patronage of public transport systems which focused on catering to commuters. This paper aims to quantify this impact in the long-term, using a longitudinal sample of 3,826 commuters with a focus on those using rail in Great Britain. Using a panel built in 2020, this paper compares the commuting habits pre-pandemic with those in February 2023. Survey data can now shed light on long-term behavioural adjustments. Building on previous waves, the current wave addresses topics such as commuting frequency, frequency of working from home and individual perceptions of working at home and/or in the workplace plus long-term individual decisions like changes in home location. It concluded that the pandemic led to a reduction of 1.18 in the number of days commuting to work per week and an increase of 0.85 in the number of days working from home. In addition, if employers had not put restrictions on workplace attendance, the return to commuting would have been 12 percentage points lower. Nonetheless, there is evidence employees are internalising their employer's restrictions to some extent.
{"title":"A third wave longitudinal survey on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term commuting habits: evidence from rail in Great Britain","authors":"Diogo Magriço, J. Siraut, Thomas Fuller","doi":"10.1680/jtran.23.00102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.23.00102","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic led to fundamental changes in working and commuting patterns for a segment of the workforce with significant impact on the level of patronage of public transport systems which focused on catering to commuters. This paper aims to quantify this impact in the long-term, using a longitudinal sample of 3,826 commuters with a focus on those using rail in Great Britain. Using a panel built in 2020, this paper compares the commuting habits pre-pandemic with those in February 2023. Survey data can now shed light on long-term behavioural adjustments. Building on previous waves, the current wave addresses topics such as commuting frequency, frequency of working from home and individual perceptions of working at home and/or in the workplace plus long-term individual decisions like changes in home location. It concluded that the pandemic led to a reduction of 1.18 in the number of days commuting to work per week and an increase of 0.85 in the number of days working from home. In addition, if employers had not put restrictions on workplace attendance, the return to commuting would have been 12 percentage points lower. Nonetheless, there is evidence employees are internalising their employer's restrictions to some extent.","PeriodicalId":516934,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport","volume":"28 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141118261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the entire world and changed many aspects of daily life, including transportation behaviour and preferences. This study examines the situation of transportation behaviour and preferences before and after the COVID-19 pandemic process through a survey study. A total of 471 people participated in the survey, and thirty questions were asked to participants regarding transportation modes preference, daily usage habits, public transportation usage rate, income status, perceived risk level of transportation systems, preferences before and after the pandemic process, and more. The answers were classified, evaluated, and statistically analysed. The results showed that users were significantly affected by the COVID-19 process and changed their transportation mode preferences. The use of buses in urban journeys decreased, and the use of private vehicles significantly increased after the COVID-19 process. Hygiene was the key factor in travel, and it was followed by the vehicle occupancy rate, ventilation, fare, and travel time factors, respectively. The perceived risk levels of public transportation systems were ranked as metrobus, minibus (paratransit), bus, metro, tram, and ferry. The study suggests that future transportation system designs should consider user preferences, as well as changes in education and working conditions, and pandemic conditions.
{"title":"Analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic on preferences of transport modes","authors":"Yetis Sazi Murat, Ziya Çakici","doi":"10.1680/jtran.23.00105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.23.00105","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the entire world and changed many aspects of daily life, including transportation behaviour and preferences. This study examines the situation of transportation behaviour and preferences before and after the COVID-19 pandemic process through a survey study. A total of 471 people participated in the survey, and thirty questions were asked to participants regarding transportation modes preference, daily usage habits, public transportation usage rate, income status, perceived risk level of transportation systems, preferences before and after the pandemic process, and more. The answers were classified, evaluated, and statistically analysed. The results showed that users were significantly affected by the COVID-19 process and changed their transportation mode preferences. The use of buses in urban journeys decreased, and the use of private vehicles significantly increased after the COVID-19 process. Hygiene was the key factor in travel, and it was followed by the vehicle occupancy rate, ventilation, fare, and travel time factors, respectively. The perceived risk levels of public transportation systems were ranked as metrobus, minibus (paratransit), bus, metro, tram, and ferry. The study suggests that future transportation system designs should consider user preferences, as well as changes in education and working conditions, and pandemic conditions.","PeriodicalId":516934,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport","volume":" 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140990704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junyu Wu, Shuai Xie, Z. Ji, Zihao Wu, Chao Ma, Jing Wang
In this study, we analyzed the microstructure, pore structure, and changes in electromagnetic parameters of cement paste with nano-carbon black (CB) added. The following conclusions were drawn: The addition of CB significantly influenced the pore structure of the cement paste, increasing the content of pores less than 100 nm and improving the overall pore structure. The use of the dispersant further enhanced the dispersion of CB and increased its filling effect. Additionally, adding CB had a significant impact on the compressive strength of the cement paste; the presence of certain CB aggregates reduced the compressive strength. However, when the CB content was 0.5wt%, the use of the dispersant decreased the size of CB aggregates and effectively increased the compressive strength. SEM images displayed the dispersion state of CB aggregates within the cement paste, demonstrating that the size and quantity of aggregates could be reduced through the use of the dispersant. The change in the CB dispersion state also slightly affected the electromagnetic parameters and wave absorption properties of the cement paste. The research results presented in this paper offer valuable insights for the design and application of CB cement paste.
{"title":"Effect of nano-carbon black content and dispersibility on the properties of cement paste","authors":"Junyu Wu, Shuai Xie, Z. Ji, Zihao Wu, Chao Ma, Jing Wang","doi":"10.1680/jtran.24.00026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.24.00026","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we analyzed the microstructure, pore structure, and changes in electromagnetic parameters of cement paste with nano-carbon black (CB) added. The following conclusions were drawn: The addition of CB significantly influenced the pore structure of the cement paste, increasing the content of pores less than 100 nm and improving the overall pore structure. The use of the dispersant further enhanced the dispersion of CB and increased its filling effect. Additionally, adding CB had a significant impact on the compressive strength of the cement paste; the presence of certain CB aggregates reduced the compressive strength. However, when the CB content was 0.5wt%, the use of the dispersant decreased the size of CB aggregates and effectively increased the compressive strength. SEM images displayed the dispersion state of CB aggregates within the cement paste, demonstrating that the size and quantity of aggregates could be reduced through the use of the dispersant. The change in the CB dispersion state also slightly affected the electromagnetic parameters and wave absorption properties of the cement paste. The research results presented in this paper offer valuable insights for the design and application of CB cement paste.","PeriodicalId":516934,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport","volume":" 100","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140990825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Covid-19 pandemic had a significant impact on people's travel behaviour and their perception of various transportation modes. This paper presents the results of two cross-sectional surveys conducted in Tehran, Iran, during and after the pandemic. Multivariate ordered logit modelling is used to identify factors that influence usage and to explore their interrelationships by analysing correlations among the utility of the ordered frequency of use of the private car, public transportation, ride-hailing, and collective line taxi. Socioeconomic characteristics contribute significantly. Low-income individuals were more likely to use public transport during the pandemic, whereas university students and private sector employees were more prone to use ride-hailing. Women tended to use ride-hailing more, especially in the post-pandemic period. The findings suggest that while, on the whole, usage has increased for all modes in the post-pandemic period, in terms of commuting modal share, metro has gained substantially and private car has lost. Ride-hailing proved highly resilient in Tehran's mobility landscape. Correlation analysis indicated a clear contrast between private cars and public transport/collective line taxis, which is further heightened in the post-pandemic period. While ride-hailing complements both public transport and collective line taxis, it does not exhibit meaningful correlations with the private car.
{"title":"The impact of Covid-19 on main modes of transportation in Tehran: A study of competition and complementarity","authors":"Sina Karimi, Mahdi Samadzad, Gaele Lesteven","doi":"10.1680/jtran.23.00099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.23.00099","url":null,"abstract":"The Covid-19 pandemic had a significant impact on people's travel behaviour and their perception of various transportation modes. This paper presents the results of two cross-sectional surveys conducted in Tehran, Iran, during and after the pandemic. Multivariate ordered logit modelling is used to identify factors that influence usage and to explore their interrelationships by analysing correlations among the utility of the ordered frequency of use of the private car, public transportation, ride-hailing, and collective line taxi. Socioeconomic characteristics contribute significantly. Low-income individuals were more likely to use public transport during the pandemic, whereas university students and private sector employees were more prone to use ride-hailing. Women tended to use ride-hailing more, especially in the post-pandemic period. The findings suggest that while, on the whole, usage has increased for all modes in the post-pandemic period, in terms of commuting modal share, metro has gained substantially and private car has lost. Ride-hailing proved highly resilient in Tehran's mobility landscape. Correlation analysis indicated a clear contrast between private cars and public transport/collective line taxis, which is further heightened in the post-pandemic period. While ride-hailing complements both public transport and collective line taxis, it does not exhibit meaningful correlations with the private car.","PeriodicalId":516934,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139896359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Covid-19 pandemic had a significant impact on people's travel behaviour and their perception of various transportation modes. This paper presents the results of two cross-sectional surveys conducted in Tehran, Iran, during and after the pandemic. Multivariate ordered logit modelling is used to identify factors that influence usage and to explore their interrelationships by analysing correlations among the utility of the ordered frequency of use of the private car, public transportation, ride-hailing, and collective line taxi. Socioeconomic characteristics contribute significantly. Low-income individuals were more likely to use public transport during the pandemic, whereas university students and private sector employees were more prone to use ride-hailing. Women tended to use ride-hailing more, especially in the post-pandemic period. The findings suggest that while, on the whole, usage has increased for all modes in the post-pandemic period, in terms of commuting modal share, metro has gained substantially and private car has lost. Ride-hailing proved highly resilient in Tehran's mobility landscape. Correlation analysis indicated a clear contrast between private cars and public transport/collective line taxis, which is further heightened in the post-pandemic period. While ride-hailing complements both public transport and collective line taxis, it does not exhibit meaningful correlations with the private car.
{"title":"The impact of Covid-19 on main modes of transportation in Tehran: A study of competition and complementarity","authors":"Sina Karimi, Mahdi Samadzad, Gaele Lesteven","doi":"10.1680/jtran.23.00099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.23.00099","url":null,"abstract":"The Covid-19 pandemic had a significant impact on people's travel behaviour and their perception of various transportation modes. This paper presents the results of two cross-sectional surveys conducted in Tehran, Iran, during and after the pandemic. Multivariate ordered logit modelling is used to identify factors that influence usage and to explore their interrelationships by analysing correlations among the utility of the ordered frequency of use of the private car, public transportation, ride-hailing, and collective line taxi. Socioeconomic characteristics contribute significantly. Low-income individuals were more likely to use public transport during the pandemic, whereas university students and private sector employees were more prone to use ride-hailing. Women tended to use ride-hailing more, especially in the post-pandemic period. The findings suggest that while, on the whole, usage has increased for all modes in the post-pandemic period, in terms of commuting modal share, metro has gained substantially and private car has lost. Ride-hailing proved highly resilient in Tehran's mobility landscape. Correlation analysis indicated a clear contrast between private cars and public transport/collective line taxis, which is further heightened in the post-pandemic period. While ride-hailing complements both public transport and collective line taxis, it does not exhibit meaningful correlations with the private car.","PeriodicalId":516934,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport","volume":"248 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139893425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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