Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0208
Hasanain A.H. Al-Behadili, Saddam K.A. AlWane, Yasir I.A. Al-Yasir, Naser Ojaroudi Parchin, Peter Olley, Raed A. Abd-Alhameed
Sensing coverage and network connectivity are two of the most fundamental issues to ensure that there are effective environmental sensing and robust data communication in a wireless sensor network (WSN) application. Random positioning of nodes in a WSN may result in random connectivity, which can cause a large variety of key parameters within the WSN. For example, data latency and battery lifetime can lead to the isolation of nodes, which causes a disconnection between nodes within the network. These problems can be avoided by using mobile data sinks, which travel between nodes that have connection problems. This research aims to design, test, and optimise a data collection system that addresses the isolated node problem, as well as to improve the connectivity between sensor nodes and base station, and to reduce the energy consumption simultaneously. In addition, this system will help to solve several problems such as the imbalance of delay and hotspot problems. The effort in this study is focused on the feasibility of using the proposed methodology in different applications. More ongoing experimental work will aim to provide a detailed study for advanced applications, e.g. transport systems for civil purposes.
{"title":"Use of multiple mobile sinks in wireless sensor networks for large-scale areas","authors":"Hasanain A.H. Al-Behadili, Saddam K.A. AlWane, Yasir I.A. Al-Yasir, Naser Ojaroudi Parchin, Peter Olley, Raed A. Abd-Alhameed","doi":"10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0208","DOIUrl":"10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0208","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Sensing coverage and network connectivity are two of the most fundamental issues to ensure that there are effective environmental sensing and robust data communication in a wireless sensor network (WSN) application. Random positioning of nodes in a WSN may result in random connectivity, which can cause a large variety of key parameters within the WSN. For example, data latency and battery lifetime can lead to the isolation of nodes, which causes a disconnection between nodes within the network. These problems can be avoided by using mobile data sinks, which travel between nodes that have connection problems. This research aims to design, test, and optimise a data collection system that addresses the isolated node problem, as well as to improve the connectivity between sensor nodes and base station, and to reduce the energy consumption simultaneously. In addition, this system will help to solve several problems such as the imbalance of delay and hotspot problems. The effort in this study is focused on the feasibility of using the proposed methodology in different applications. More ongoing experimental work will aim to provide a detailed study for advanced applications, e.g. transport systems for civil purposes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87853677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0125
Kshira Sagar Sahoo, Mayank Tiwary, B. Sahoo, B. K. Mishra, S. Ramasubbareddy, A. K. Luhach
The distributed control plane is the alternate solution to reliability and scalability like potential issues in the software-defined wide area network (SDWAN), but the static mapping between controller and switches might cause an uneven load distribution among controllers. Migration of switches from one controller to another under-loaded controller is a solution to handle the peak traffic. However, the switch migration process is a complex process that may affect the end-user quality of service (QoS), as a result, the response time of the control messages are also affected. To address this issue, the authors present RTSM, a novel strategy, that optimises the response time of the control messages during switch migration. Further, an SDWAN architecture was proposed, in which the introduction of the layer-2 controller reduces the dependency on WAN communication of the forwarding devices. The Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions have been applied for target controller selection, which ensures improved response time. A switch selection method was also introduced, which minimally affects the end-user QoS during device migration in SDWAN scenario. To evaluate the performance of the RTSM, Mininet simulator with the Floodlight controller has been used, and the result shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other existing works during load balancing.
{"title":"RTSM: Response time optimisation during switch migration in software-defined wide area network","authors":"Kshira Sagar Sahoo, Mayank Tiwary, B. Sahoo, B. K. Mishra, S. Ramasubbareddy, A. K. Luhach","doi":"10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0125","url":null,"abstract":"The distributed control plane is the alternate solution to reliability and scalability like potential issues in the software-defined wide area network (SDWAN), but the static mapping between controller and switches might cause an uneven load distribution among controllers. Migration of switches from one controller to another under-loaded controller is a solution to handle the peak traffic. However, the switch migration process is a complex process that may affect the end-user quality of service (QoS), as a result, the response time of the control messages are also affected. To address this issue, the authors present RTSM, a novel strategy, that optimises the response time of the control messages during switch migration. Further, an SDWAN architecture was proposed, in which the introduction of the layer-2 controller reduces the dependency on WAN communication of the forwarding devices. The Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions have been applied for target controller selection, which ensures improved response time. A switch selection method was also introduced, which minimally affects the end-user QoS during device migration in SDWAN scenario. To evaluate the performance of the RTSM, Mininet simulator with the Floodlight controller has been used, and the result shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other existing works during load balancing.","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89920853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0152
P. Maratha, K. Gupta, A. Luhach
Persistent sensing requires sensor nodes to keep functioning for a longer duration. Different amounts of incoming packets on some sensor nodes after deployment lead them to deplete their energy faster compared to other nodes without sending the information about their death to the sink node. It results in the formation of energy holes in the network and hence packet loss problem starts. In this study, this problem is overcome by prior notification to the sink about scarcity of resources by setting a dynamic threshold and also, packet delivery is sustained by using a fault tolerance strategy. Simulation analysis shows that proposed work is doing better in terms of packet delivery ratio and number of dead nodes. Also, network lifetime of the proposed work is found to be 73% of the total time duration while its competitor approach has network lifetime 64%.
{"title":"Improved fault-tolerant optimal route reconstruction approach for energy consumed areas in wireless sensor networks","authors":"P. Maratha, K. Gupta, A. Luhach","doi":"10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0152","url":null,"abstract":"Persistent sensing requires sensor nodes to keep functioning for a longer duration. Different amounts of incoming packets on some sensor nodes after deployment lead them to deplete their energy faster compared to other nodes without sending the information about their death to the sink node. It results in the formation of energy holes in the network and hence packet loss problem starts. In this study, this problem is overcome by prior notification to the sink about scarcity of resources by setting a dynamic threshold and also, packet delivery is sustained by using a fault tolerance strategy. Simulation analysis shows that proposed work is doing better in terms of packet delivery ratio and number of dead nodes. Also, network lifetime of the proposed work is found to be 73% of the total time duration while its competitor approach has network lifetime 64%.","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84693668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-11DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2020.0046
Richa Sharma, Vasudha Vashisht, Umang Singh
In real-time scenarios, wireless sensor network (WSN) suffers from severe constraints such as restricted power supply, short communication range, less bandwidth availability, and small memory storage. Owing to these severe constraints, the time complexity, space complexity, and cost complexity of these networks are very high. Hence, deploying a real sensor network environment for the testing of a newly designed protocol is a Herculean task. To overcome this issue, instead of doing live implementation of such networks, simulation modelling is accepted as an alternative approach. This study provides a comprehensive study about existing network simulators along with their advantages and weaknesses. This study also presented a case study for a preferable simulation methodology, i.e. MATLAB/Simulink. Firstly, this case study highlights prominent features of MATLAB/Simulink. Secondly, simulation results of implementing AODV (Adhoc on Demand Vector Protocol) in terms of simulation runtime using four simulators net simulator-2 (NS-2), NS-3, OMNet++, and MATLAB is presented. Thirdly, survey of few very well-known clustering protocols in WSNs is done. This study will prove to be beneficial for researchers of this domain as it surveys the literature over the period 2008–2020 focusing on simulation tools and simulation metrics used by researchers to simulate WSNs.
在实时场景下，无线传感器网络(WSN)面临着供电受限、通信距离短、带宽可用性差、存储空间小等严重的限制。由于这些严格的约束，这些网络的时间复杂度、空间复杂度和成本复杂度都非常高。因此，为测试新设计的协议部署真实的传感器网络环境是一项艰巨的任务。为了克服这个问题，而不是做这样的网络的实时实现，仿真建模被接受为一种替代方法。本研究对现有的网络模拟器及其优缺点进行了全面的研究。本研究还介绍了一个较好的仿真方法的案例研究，即MATLAB/Simulink。首先，本案例研究突出了MATLAB/Simulink的突出特点。其次，给出了利用网络模拟器-2 (NS-2)、NS-3、omnet++和MATLAB实现AODV (Adhoc on Demand Vector Protocol)的仿真结果。第三，综述了几种比较知名的无线传感器网络聚类协议。这项研究将证明对该领域的研究人员是有益的，因为它调查了2008-2020年期间的文献，重点是研究人员用于模拟wsn的仿真工具和仿真指标。
{"title":"Modelling and simulation frameworks for wireless sensor networks: a comparative study","authors":"Richa Sharma, Vasudha Vashisht, Umang Singh","doi":"10.1049/iet-wss.2020.0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-wss.2020.0046","url":null,"abstract":"In real-time scenarios, wireless sensor network (WSN) suffers from severe constraints such as restricted power supply, short communication range, less bandwidth availability, and small memory storage. Owing to these severe constraints, the time complexity, space complexity, and cost complexity of these networks are very high. Hence, deploying a real sensor network environment for the testing of a newly designed protocol is a Herculean task. To overcome this issue, instead of doing live implementation of such networks, simulation modelling is accepted as an alternative approach. This study provides a comprehensive study about existing network simulators along with their advantages and weaknesses. This study also presented a case study for a preferable simulation methodology, i.e. MATLAB/Simulink. Firstly, this case study highlights prominent features of MATLAB/Simulink. Secondly, simulation results of implementing AODV (Adhoc on Demand Vector Protocol) in terms of simulation runtime using four simulators net simulator-2 (NS-2), NS-3, OMNet++, and MATLAB is presented. Thirdly, survey of few very well-known clustering protocols in WSNs is done. This study will prove to be beneficial for researchers of this domain as it surveys the literature over the period 2008–2020 focusing on simulation tools and simulation metrics used by researchers to simulate WSNs.","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74737655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-06DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0111
Malika Elmonser, Haithem Ben Chikha, R. Attia
The clustering technique is a key routing method for large-scale wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which strongly extends the network's lifetime and scalability. The fundamental protocol of this technique, which is called low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), is proved as a solution that offers good energy efficiency and consequently expands the network lifetime. As the energy efficiency is deteriorated with the network size, LEACH improvements are becoming so substantial to support the scalability in the large-scale WSNs. The authors propose a new dynamic multi-hop clustering protocol. It exploits both the mobility and the multi-hop communication to prolong the lifetime of the mobile WSN. The proposed protocol, called dynamic multi-hop LEACH (DMH-LEACH), combines the dynamic clustering, multi-hop transmissions, and node mobility to improve the energy efficiency of LEACH. They also study the effect of the traffic and energy heterogeneity on the proposed protocol. Finally, they simulate DMH-LEACH protocol for both homogeneous and heterogeneous scenarios. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol allows to better balance the energy consumption for all sensor nodes and considerably extends the network's lifetime.
{"title":"Mobile routing algorithm with dynamic clustering for energy large-scale wireless sensor networks","authors":"Malika Elmonser, Haithem Ben Chikha, R. Attia","doi":"10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0111","url":null,"abstract":"The clustering technique is a key routing method for large-scale wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which strongly extends the network's lifetime and scalability. The fundamental protocol of this technique, which is called low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), is proved as a solution that offers good energy efficiency and consequently expands the network lifetime. As the energy efficiency is deteriorated with the network size, LEACH improvements are becoming so substantial to support the scalability in the large-scale WSNs. The authors propose a new dynamic multi-hop clustering protocol. It exploits both the mobility and the multi-hop communication to prolong the lifetime of the mobile WSN. The proposed protocol, called dynamic multi-hop LEACH (DMH-LEACH), combines the dynamic clustering, multi-hop transmissions, and node mobility to improve the energy efficiency of LEACH. They also study the effect of the traffic and energy heterogeneity on the proposed protocol. Finally, they simulate DMH-LEACH protocol for both homogeneous and heterogeneous scenarios. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol allows to better balance the energy consumption for all sensor nodes and considerably extends the network's lifetime.","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73647915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-14DOI: 10.1049/IET-WSS.2019.0201
M. Ansah, R. Sowah, J. Melià-Seguí, F. Katsriku, Xavier Vilajosana, W. Owusu-Banahene
: Ubiquitous computing for remote monitoring is enabling the Internet of Things applications in diverse areas. The potential impact of wireless sensor networks in remote habitat and agricultural monitoring cannot be overemphasised. LoRa (long range) is particularly well suited to applications requiring low operational costs, long-range wireless communication technology, low data rates and low power consumption. For industrial and large-scale deployment of this promising technology, it must be both empirically and theoretically evaluated and proven. For network design purposes and optimised positioning of devices, the authors evaluated long range wireless area network (LoRaWAN) propagation in a tropical vegetative environment. Traditional vegetation propagation models have been compared with the measured data. The free space model best fits their data except for the tree canopy area where the loss was about 56 dB. The result can be used as empirical bases to develop an accurate model and simulation tool for LoRaWAN deployment planning.
{"title":"Characterising foliage influence on LoRaWAN pathloss in a tropical vegetative environment","authors":"M. Ansah, R. Sowah, J. Melià-Seguí, F. Katsriku, Xavier Vilajosana, W. Owusu-Banahene","doi":"10.1049/IET-WSS.2019.0201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/IET-WSS.2019.0201","url":null,"abstract":": Ubiquitous computing for remote monitoring is enabling the Internet of Things applications in diverse areas. The potential impact of wireless sensor networks in remote habitat and agricultural monitoring cannot be overemphasised. LoRa (long range) is particularly well suited to applications requiring low operational costs, long-range wireless communication technology, low data rates and low power consumption. For industrial and large-scale deployment of this promising technology, it must be both empirically and theoretically evaluated and proven. For network design purposes and optimised positioning of devices, the authors evaluated long range wireless area network (LoRaWAN) propagation in a tropical vegetative environment. Traditional vegetation propagation models have been compared with the measured data. The free space model best fits their data except for the tree canopy area where the loss was about 56 dB. The result can be used as empirical bases to develop an accurate model and simulation tool for LoRaWAN deployment planning.","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89772913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1049/IET-WSS.2019.0079
Shirong Li, Maosheng Fu, Xuemei Zhu, Fenghui Zhang, Fugui He
Received signal strength (RSS) greatly differs due to the different occlusion directions and receiving device heterogeneity. It greatly affects the positioning accuracy. In this study, an adaptive indoor positioning method based on the direction discrimination and device conversion is proposed to solve these problems. This method is mainly composed of three parts: direction discrimination, device conversion and positioning models. First, the direction discrimination model can reduce the impact of a user's body occlusion. Best access points can be selected by principal component analysis to adapt to different directions and areas. Secondly, a device conversion model is used to reduce high offline work due to device heterogeneity. RSS of other devices can be converted to the value of one fixed device by least squares piecewise polynomial algorithm, without increasing the offline data collection workload. Finally, the results can be obtained by the positioning model. The problems of high dimensionality and non-linearity can be solved by the least squares support vector regression algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed method can solve the problems of occlusion direction and device heterogeneity. The engineering applicability of positioning system can also be greatly improved.
{"title":"Adaptive indoor positioning method based on direction discrimination and device conversion","authors":"Shirong Li, Maosheng Fu, Xuemei Zhu, Fenghui Zhang, Fugui He","doi":"10.1049/IET-WSS.2019.0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/IET-WSS.2019.0079","url":null,"abstract":"Received signal strength (RSS) greatly differs due to the different occlusion directions and receiving device heterogeneity. It greatly affects the positioning accuracy. In this study, an adaptive indoor positioning method based on the direction discrimination and device conversion is proposed to solve these problems. This method is mainly composed of three parts: direction discrimination, device conversion and positioning models. First, the direction discrimination model can reduce the impact of a user's body occlusion. Best access points can be selected by principal component analysis to adapt to different directions and areas. Secondly, a device conversion model is used to reduce high offline work due to device heterogeneity. RSS of other devices can be converted to the value of one fixed device by least squares piecewise polynomial algorithm, without increasing the offline data collection workload. Finally, the results can be obtained by the positioning model. The problems of high dimensionality and non-linearity can be solved by the least squares support vector regression algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed method can solve the problems of occlusion direction and device heterogeneity. The engineering applicability of positioning system can also be greatly improved.","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78209546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2018.5213
Marco Santic, L. Pomante, C. Rinaldi
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become very popular in recent years due to their wide applications’ spectrum. One of the main issues arising while conceiving with WSNs functionality is the opportunity of developing a proper localisation algorithm that has to be tailored basing on hw/sw nodes limitations. This study proposes a localisation algorithm for WSNs based on received signal strength measurements whose results, although comparable with existing localisation algorithms, proves here to be of practical implementation on devices with very low computational capabilities as well as efficient in real-time usages. Extensive simulations and indoor/outdoor experimental measurements have been performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, taking also into account implementation issues on commercial sensor nodes.
{"title":"Lightweight localisation approach for WSNs: performance analysis and validation","authors":"Marco Santic, L. Pomante, C. Rinaldi","doi":"10.1049/iet-wss.2018.5213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-wss.2018.5213","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become very popular in recent years due to their wide applications’ spectrum. One of the main issues arising while conceiving with WSNs functionality is the opportunity of developing a proper localisation algorithm that has to be tailored basing on hw/sw nodes limitations. This study proposes a localisation algorithm for WSNs based on received signal strength measurements whose results, although comparable with existing localisation algorithms, proves here to be of practical implementation on devices with very low computational capabilities as well as efficient in real-time usages. Extensive simulations and indoor/outdoor experimental measurements have been performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, taking also into account implementation issues on commercial sensor nodes.","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90798065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-25DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0153
Amir Seyyedabbasi, Gulustan Dogan, Farzad Kiani
In wireless sensor networks, some resources such as memory and energy are limited. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in improving network lifetime. Node energy plays an important role in the network lifetime. Along with this remarkable growth in wireless sensor networks, however, there is an increasing concern over network lifetime. The principal purpose of this study is to develop an understanding of the effects of other parameters on selecting a cluster head. The methodological approach taken in this study is a mixed methodology typically based on the node's energy. The authors have operated four parameters to select the cluster head: Node energy, the energy of the node's neighbours, number of hops and number of links to neighbours. Each of these parameters has an impact in selecting the cluster head. They accurately observed hop size, energy of each sensor node, average energy of sensor neighbours, links to sensor nodes (HEEL) has better improvements in comparison of Node ranked Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (Nr-LEACH), Modified Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (ModLEACH), Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy-B (LEACH-B), Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information System (PEGASIS), energy-aware clustering scheme with transmission power control for sensor networks (EACLE) and hybrid energy efficient distributed clustering (HEED) algorithms in possible case of network lifetime and throughput.
在无线传感器网络中，存储和能量等资源是有限的。近年来，人们对改善网络生存期的兴趣越来越大。节点能量在网络生命周期中起着重要的作用。然而，随着无线传感器网络的显著增长，人们越来越关注网络寿命。本研究的主要目的是了解其他参数对选择簇头的影响。本研究采用的方法学方法是一种典型的基于节点能量的混合方法学。作者操作了四个参数来选择簇头:节点能量、节点邻居的能量、跳数和到邻居的链接数。这些参数中的每一个都对簇头的选择有影响。与节点排序低能量自适应聚类层次(Nr-LEACH)、改进低能量自适应聚类层次(ModLEACH)、低能量自适应聚类层次- b (LEACH- b)、低能量自适应聚类层次(LEACH)、传感器信息系统节能聚类(PEGASIS)、基于传感器网络传输功率控制的能量感知聚类方案(EACLE)和混合节能分布式聚类算法(HEED)。
{"title":"HEEL: A new clustering method to improve wireless sensor network lifetime","authors":"Amir Seyyedabbasi, Gulustan Dogan, Farzad Kiani","doi":"10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0153","url":null,"abstract":"In wireless sensor networks, some resources such as memory and energy are limited. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in improving network lifetime. Node energy plays an important role in the network lifetime. Along with this remarkable growth in wireless sensor networks, however, there is an increasing concern over network lifetime. The principal purpose of this study is to develop an understanding of the effects of other parameters on selecting a cluster head. The methodological approach taken in this study is a mixed methodology typically based on the node's energy. The authors have operated four parameters to select the cluster head: Node energy, the energy of the node's neighbours, number of hops and number of links to neighbours. Each of these parameters has an impact in selecting the cluster head. They accurately observed hop size, energy of each sensor node, average energy of sensor neighbours, links to sensor nodes (HEEL) has better improvements in comparison of Node ranked Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (Nr-LEACH), Modified Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (ModLEACH), Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy-B (LEACH-B), Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information System (PEGASIS), energy-aware clustering scheme with transmission power control for sensor networks (EACLE) and hybrid energy efficient distributed clustering (HEED) algorithms in possible case of network lifetime and throughput.","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90107621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-11DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0121
Abdelfetteh Lachtar, T. Val, A. Kachouri
With the rapid surge of M-Health and smart city systems, the need to accommodate sensors and actuators to achieve effective automation turns out to be imposed, for an efficient machine-to-machine communication to be maintained. In this regard, the key elements necessary for a successful M-Health system to take place are discovered to be the power consumption and interoperability maintaining factors. In this context, the present study is conducted to devise a special elderly tracking and monitoring system, closely connected to a walking stick device. The proposed design involves a cane cased transmitter node, enabling to send data related to the position and the state of the elderly to a base station, through implementation of the LoRa technology. The latter would then apply the message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol to interact with the environment once a fall proves to take place. For the purpose of evaluating the advanced design associated coverage range and power consumption rate, as enhanced via LoRa network, several experimental tests have been administered. The achieved results appear to reveal that the suggested architecture recorded average covered area turns out to be of the rate of 6 km 2 .
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