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The structure of an uncertain world: Combining sequences classification and career life histories to identify narrative schemas in the careers of financial journalists 不确定世界的结构:结合序列分类和职业生活史,识别财经记者职业生涯中的叙事模式
Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.1177/07591063241258085
Antoine Machut
This article argues in favour of combining statistical sequence analysis with the study of biographical narratives to identify the underlying social structures in the unfolding of professional careers in particularly uncertain worlds. The careers of French financial journalists, whose professional world has been characterised by exceptional turbulence since the 1990s, are used as a case study. The article begins by describing the variety of relationships between trajectories and social structures in social science research that uses sequence analysis techniques. It then shows that by involving the interpretation of career life histories at each stage of sequence analysis, it is possible to highlight relevant regularities, even when trajectories unfold in contexts of high uncertainty. For this purpose, an optimal matching technique that calculates the dissimilarity between each pair of sequences is combined with an agglomeration technique that groups similar sequences into classes. The method is applied here to 297 sequences of professional activities of former and current financial journalists, reconstructed from the information they provided in the LinkedIn socio-professional network or in a professional directory. By comparing these regularities to the interpretations made by journalists in their 37 career life histories, the article examines three narrative schemas constructed by journalists to navigate an uncertain world and which have historically followed one another: the vocational schema, the gateway schema, and the decline schema. It thus describes the conditions for the emergence and decline of these schemas, which are linked not only to changing employment opportunities, but also to the ability of journalists to observe the traces left behind by the career paths of their counterparts.
本文主张将统计序列分析与传记叙事研究相结合,以确定在特别不确定的世界中职业生涯发展的潜在社会结构。本文以法国财经记者的职业生涯为案例进行研究,自 20 世纪 90 年代以来,法国财经记者的职业生涯可谓风云变幻。文章首先描述了社会科学研究中使用序列分析技术的轨迹与社会结构之间的各种关系。然后,文章指出,通过在序列分析的每个阶段对职业生活史进行解释,可以突出相关的规律性,即使轨迹是在高度不确定的情况下展开的。为此,计算每对序列之间差异的最优匹配技术与将相似序列归类的聚类技术相结合。在此,我们将该方法应用于 297 个前任和现任财经记者的职业活动序列,这些序列是根据他们在 LinkedIn 社会职业网络或职业名录中提供的信息重建的。通过将这些规律性与记者在其 37 篇职业生活史中所做的解释进行比较,文章研究了记者为在一个不确定的世界中航行而构建的三种叙事图式,这三种图式在历史上一直是相辅相成的:职业图式、门户图式和衰落图式。因此,文章描述了这些图式出现和衰退的条件,这些条件不仅与不断变化的就业机会有关,还与记者观察同行职业道路所留下的痕迹的能力有关。
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引用次数: 0
Publishing in the BMS. A long process, but not without reason 在 BMS 上发表文章。过程漫长,但并非毫无道理
Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.1177/07591063241258055a
Sophie Duchesne, Xabier Itçaina, Viviane Le Hay, Ahmed Fouad El Haddad
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引用次数: 0
Publier dans le BMS. Une longue procédure, mais pas sans raison 在 WSB 上发表。程序漫长,但并非毫无道理
Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1177/07591063241258055
Sophie Duchesne, Xabier Itçaina, Viviane Le Hay, Ahmed Fouad El Haddad
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引用次数: 0
Battles and crossings of methods: Sequence analysis and geometric data analysis for the study of professional careers 方法的战斗与交叉:职业生涯研究中的序列分析和几何数据分析
Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1177/07591063241258091
Sébastien Michon
This article proposes to discuss the exploratory use of two quantitative methods: on the one hand sequence analysis combined with optimal matching methods, and on the other hand geometric data analysis, more specifically multiple correspondence analysis and principal component analysis, combined with hierarchical ascending classifications. The aim is not to determine whether one method is more effective than another, nor to pit them against each other. The aim is to identify similarities and differences, and, more generally, to reflect on the cross-use of quantitative methods. The approach is decidedly practical and reflective. It consists of opening up the kitchen of implementation through a case study: build a typology of the professional futures of the accredited parliamentary assistants at the European Parliament. The paper defends the idea that typologies are tools and stages in analysis. Putting these methods to the test in this way aims to highlight several issues, suggest avenues of analysis, and highlight the need to explore the data using a variety of tools. This text is an invitation to compare and combine methods, and to use them in a considered and non-mechanical way, taking into account their strengths but also their weaknesses, which are also instructive.
本文拟讨论两种定量方法的探索性应用:一方面是序列分析与最优匹配方法相结合,另一方面是几何数据分析,更具体地说是多重对应分析和主成分分析与分层递升分类相结合。我们的目的不是要确定一种方法是否比另一种方法更有效,也不是要将它们对立起来。其目的是找出异同,更广泛地说,是反思定量方法的交叉使用。这种方法具有明显的实用性和反思性。它包括通过案例研究打开实施的 "厨房":对欧洲议会认可的议会助理的职业未来进行类型分析。本文捍卫了类型学是分析工具和阶段的观点。以这种方式对这些方法进行测试,旨在突出几个问题,提出分析途径,并强调使用各种工具探索数据的必要性。本文邀请大家对各种方法进行比较和组合,并以深思熟虑和非机械的方式使用这些方法,同时考虑到它们的优点和缺点,这些优点和缺点也具有启发性。
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引用次数: 0
Une collaboration entre sociologues et mathématiciennes : entretiens (auto)biographiques, ethos mathématicien et carrières féminines au Chili 社会学家与女数学家之间的合作:(自)传记访谈、数学精神和智利妇女的职业生涯
Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1177/07591063241258089
Jeanne Hersant, Andrea Vera Gajardo, Mariel Saez Trumper
RésuméCet article rend compte d’un processus de recherche sur le champ des mathématiques au Chili, et en particulier sur la carrière des femmes dans le milieu scientifique, et l’ethos mathématicien. Ce projet a été mené à bien par une équipe de chercheur·e·s composée à parité de sociologues et mathématiciennes, ce qui constitue selon nous une expérience innovante d’interdisciplinarité. Nous l’abordons ici de façon réflexive, en la situant par rapport à la littérature sur l’interdisciplinarité et l’épistémologie féministe. Ensuite, nous présentons la méthodologie que nous avons mise en œuvre, celle des entretiens biographiques articulée à l’auto-ethnographie des mathématiciennes de l’équipe. Nous souhaitons enfin mettre en lumière les hiatus que cette collaboration interdisciplinaire a permis d’identifier, et les enseignements que nous en avons tiré quant à la constitution de l’ethos mathématicien.
摘要 本文报告了一个关于智利数学领域的研究项目,特别是关于妇女的科学职业生涯和数学家精神的研究项目。该项目由社会学家和数学家共同组成的研究小组开展,我们认为这是一次跨学科的创新尝试。在此,我们采取反思的方法,将其与跨学科和女权主义认识论的文献联系起来。然后,我们将介绍我们所使用的方法论,该方法论基于对团队中女数学家的传记访谈和自述。最后,我们希望强调这种跨学科合作所带来的间断,以及我们在数学家精神构成方面从中汲取的经验教训。
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引用次数: 0
The call for testimonials: Exploring the self-production of sanitary masks during the COVID-19 pandemic 征集证词:探索在 COVID-19 大流行期间自行生产卫生口罩的情况
Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1177/07591063241258088
Cédric Calvignac, Franck Cochoy, Gérald Gaglio
This article presents a method rarely used in sociology – the Call For Testimonials (CFT) – which consists of collecting written accounts of the experience of a large number of actors about a given social fact. This method provides a profuse amount of qualitative data, whose characteristics (spontaneous versus solicited, objective versus subjective, guided versus freely oriented) need to be described in order to make the best use of them through mixed analytical treatments. After characterizing the data collected, the article presents the mixed and combined analytic treatments to which they lend themselves. The example of the self-production of masks at the beginning of the COVID crisis helps to illustrate the potential of such treatments.
本文介绍了社会学中很少使用的一种方法--"征集感言"(CFT)--它包括收集大量参与者对某一社会事实的书面描述。这种方法提供了大量的定性数据,需要对这些数据的特征(自发与征集、客观与主观、引导与自由)进行描述,以便通过混合分析方法对其进行最佳利用。在描述了所收集数据的特点之后,文章介绍了这些数据所适合的混合和组合分析方法。以 COVID 危机初期自我制作面具为例,有助于说明此类处理方法的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
La Base de données sur les innovations sociales du CRISES : portée et limites d’une innovation méthodologique CRISES 社会创新数据库:方法创新的范围和局限性
Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1177/07591063241258086
David Longtin, Marie J. Bouchard, Valérie Michaud, Damien Rousselière
RésuméDepuis les années 1990, l’étude des innovations sociales fait l’objet de débats entourant les problèmes de recherche, les approches théoriques et les méthodes. La majorité des recherches ont privilégié les études de cas. Toutefois, plus récemment, des chercheurs ont commencé à réaliser des méta-études à partir de banques de données qualitatives. Cet article examine une démarche novatrice mise en œuvre par le Centre de recherche sur les innovations sociales (CRISES). Partant de centaines d’étude de cas, le CRISES a mis sur pied une base de données sur l’innovation sociale en vue de réaliser des analyses statistiques. Après avoir présenté les tendances en sciences sociales à la constitution de banques de données et à la réalisation de méta-études, nous exposons la méthodologie et les assises épistémologiques du projet afin d’en dégager l’originalité au regard des cartographies d’innovations sociales. L’article se conclut par une évaluation des limites méthodologiques et de la portée analytique du projet.
摘要自 20 世纪 90 年代以来,社会创新研究一直是围绕研究问题、理论方法和方法展开讨论的主题。大多数研究都侧重于个案研究。但最近,研究人员开始在定性数据库的基础上开展元研究。本文探讨了社会创新研究中心(CRISES)实施的一种创新方法。在数百项案例研究的基础上,CRISES 建立了一个社会创新数据库,以便进行统计分析。在介绍了社会科学在建立数据库和开展元研究方面的趋势之后,我们概述了该项目的方法论和认识论基础,以突出其在绘制社会创新图方面的独创性。文章最后对该项目的方法论局限性和分析范围进行了评估。
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引用次数: 0
Kish grid vs birthday procedures: survey refusal rates by the type of within-household selection procedure in the European Social Survey 基什网格与生日程序:欧洲社会调查中按家庭内部选择程序类型划分的调查拒绝率
Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1177/07591063241258087
Piotr Jabkowski, Piotr Cichocki, Marta Kołczyńska
Two approaches to within-household selection of target respondents dominate cross-national surveys of the general population: the Kish grid and birthday procedures. The Kish grid is a rigorous probabilistic approach expected to produce higher-quality samples. However, its requirement to construct a complete household register is intrusive and may increase refusals. Conversely, birthday procedures, which do not require a household roster, may result in fewer refusals at the cost of lower sample quality. Our paper examines the impact of within-household selection procedures on refusal rates based on a methodological inventory of 120 national surveys from nine rounds of the European Social Survey (2002–2018). Controlling for the implementation of incentives for respondents, the experience of the interviewer teams and the country’s level of economic development, we find that surveys using the Kish grid have higher refusal rates before or during the selection process compared to surveys involving birthday procedures, suggesting that the use of the Kish grid is perceived as more intrusive for household members than birthday procedures. However, we find no significant difference between the two selection procedures regarding respondent refusals and total refusals.
在针对普通人群的跨国调查中,主要有两种在家庭内部选择目标受访者的方法:基什网格和生日程序。基什网格是一种严格的概率方法,预计能产生更高质量的样本。然而,它要求建立完整的住户登记册,具有一定的侵入性,可能会增加拒绝调查的人数。相反,生日程序不需要家庭花名册,可能会以降低样本质量为代价减少拒绝样本的数量。我们的论文基于九轮欧洲社会调查(2002-2018 年)中 120 个国家调查的方法清单,研究了户内选择程序对拒绝率的影响。在控制了对受访者的激励措施、访谈员团队的经验和国家的经济发展水平后,我们发现,与涉及生日程序的调查相比,使用基什网格的调查在选择过程之前或过程中的拒绝率更高,这表明使用基什网格比生日程序对家庭成员的侵扰性更强。然而,我们发现两种遴选程序在受访者拒绝率和总拒绝率方面没有明显差异。
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引用次数: 0
Entretien avec Guy Michelat 采访居伊-米歇拉特
Pub Date : 2024-04-14 DOI: 10.1177/07591063241236063
Reiner Keller, Angelika Poferl
Cet entretien porte sur le rapport que Guy Michelat a entretenu tout au long de sa carrière avec les méthodes d’enquête des sciences sociales, et les méthodes qualitatives plus particulièrement. Il évoque sa formation et la façon dont il a pratiqué, analysé et enseigné l’entretien non-directif. Il souligne l’influence de la psychologie et de l’anthropologie sur les méthodes qualitatives en sociologie politique. L’entretien a été réalisé en février 2013 par Reiner Keller et Denisa Butnaru à Paris, au CEVIPOF. Il a été revu et actualisé fin 2020 en partie par Guy Michelat lui-même.
这篇访谈探讨了盖伊-米歇尔特在其职业生涯中与社会科学研究方法,尤其是定性方法之间的关系。他讨论了自己所受的训练以及实践、分析和教授非指导性访谈的方式。他强调了心理学和人类学对政治社会学定性方法的影响。访谈由莱纳-凯勒(Reiner Keller)和德尼莎-布特纳鲁(Denisa Butnaru)于 2013 年 2 月在巴黎 CEVIPOF 进行。该访谈于 2020 年底进行了修订和更新,其中部分内容由 Guy Michelat 本人亲自撰写。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding vote transfers in two-round elections without resorting to declared data. The contribution of ecological inference, consolidated with factual information from a case study of the 2014 municipal elections in Montpellier 了解两轮选举中的选票转移,而无需诉诸申报数据。生态推论的贡献,结合 2014 年蒙彼利埃市政选举案例研究的事实信息
Pub Date : 2024-04-14 DOI: 10.1177/07591063241236062
Julien Audemard
In electoral sociology, the analysis of vote transfers has traditionally depended on individual data obtained from surveys. Because such data suffer from a significant amount of declaration and memory bias, replacing them with the electoral statistics available down to polling station level may be advantageous. Recent developments in models of ecological inference allow us to use these aggregated data to establish estimates of vote transfers while minimising the risk of ecological error. Nonetheless, the reliability of ecological inference models for estimating vote transfers has thus far received little attention in the form of empirical evaluations. The purpose of the present article is to cast light on this blind spot by analysing a model for predicting electoral volatility in a two-round election, namely the municipal election held in Montpellier in 2014. What makes this approach original is its use of observed information – the proportion of non-voters in both rounds – first to compare this data with the estimates produced by the model and then to integrate it as a modelling parameter to measure its impact on estimated vote allocation. This analysis reveals that the initial model's results are relatively reliable regarding the known parameter, although they slightly overestimate its amplitude and underestimate its variability. The model that integrates information regarding the proportion of consistent non-voters yields estimates close to those obtained using the “raw” model. In terms of interpretative capacity, the value added by integrating this additional information is, therefore, slight. However, integrating the information does make it possible to establish narrower density intervals, reducing the uncertainty associated with the interpretation of the other parameters, particularly proportions associated with candidates who received few votes in the first round.
在选举社会学中,对选票转移的分析历来依赖于从调查中获得的个人数据。由于此类数据存在大量的申报和记忆偏差,因此用可获得的投票站级别的选举统计数据取而代之可能更有优势。生态推断模型的最新发展使我们能够利用这些综合数据来确定选票转移的估计值,同时将生态误差的风险降至最低。然而,迄今为止,用于估算选票转移的生态推断模型的可靠性很少以经验评估的形式受到关注。本文旨在通过分析一个预测两轮选举(即 2014 年在蒙彼利埃举行的市政选举)中选举波动性的模型来揭示这一盲点。这一方法的独创之处在于它使用了观察到的信息--两轮选举中的非投票者比例--首先将这一数据与模型得出的估计值进行比较,然后将其整合为一个建模参数,以衡量其对估计选票分配的影响。分析表明,初始模型的结果相对可靠,尽管略微高估了已知参数的振幅并低估了其变化。整合了一致非投票者比例信息的模型得出的估计结果与使用 "原始 "模型得出的结果接近。因此,就解释能力而言,整合这些额外信息的附加值很小。然而,整合这些信息确实可以建立更窄的密度区间,减少与其他参数解释相关的不确定性,特别是与第一轮得票少的候选人相关的比例。
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引用次数: 0
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Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique
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