Pub Date : 2024-07-02eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2024.1430422
Sri Jyosthsna Kancharlapalli, Corey L Brelsfoard
Introduction: Control of the mosquito Aedes albopictus is confounded by its behavior due to females preferring to oviposition in small natural and artificial containers that are often difficult to remove or treat with insecticides. Autodissemination strategies utilizing highly potent insect growth regulators (IGRs) have emerged as promising tools for the control of this container-inhabiting species. The intended goal of autodissemination approaches is to use mosquitoes to self-deliver an IGR to these cryptic oviposition locations. Previous studies have focused on the efficacy of these approaches to impact natural populations, but little focus has been placed on the impacts on mosquitoes when exposed to non-lethal doses of IGRs similar to the levels they would be exposed to with autodissemination approaches.
Methods: In this study, the impact of non-lethal doses of pyriproxyfen (PPF) on the reproductive fitness of Ae. albopictus was investigated. Female and male Ae. albopictus mosquitoes were exposed to non-lethal doses of PPF and their fecundity and fertility were measured. To examine the impact of non-lethal doses of PPF, the expression of the ecdysone-regulated genes USP, HR3, and Vg, which are involved in vitellogenesis, was determined.
Results: Our results demonstrated a significant reduction in female fecundity and in the blood feeding and egg hatching rates upon exposure to non-lethal doses of PPF. Oocyte development was also delayed in PPF-treated females. Furthermore, exposure to non-lethal doses of PPF altered the expression of the genes involved in vitellogenesis, indicating disruption of hormonal regulation. Interestingly, PPF exposure also reduced the sperm production in males, suggesting a potential semi-sterilization effect.
Discussion: These findings suggest that non-lethal doses of PPF could enhance the efficacy of autodissemination approaches by impacting the reproductive fitness of both males and females. However, further research is needed to validate these laboratory findings in field settings and to assess their practical implications for vector control strategies.
{"title":"The impact of non-lethal doses of pyriproxyfen on male and female <i>Aedes albopictus</i> reproductive fitness.","authors":"Sri Jyosthsna Kancharlapalli, Corey L Brelsfoard","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1430422","DOIUrl":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1430422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Control of the mosquito <i>Aedes albopictus</i> is confounded by its behavior due to females preferring to oviposition in small natural and artificial containers that are often difficult to remove or treat with insecticides. Autodissemination strategies utilizing highly potent insect growth regulators (IGRs) have emerged as promising tools for the control of this container-inhabiting species. The intended goal of autodissemination approaches is to use mosquitoes to self-deliver an IGR to these cryptic oviposition locations. Previous studies have focused on the efficacy of these approaches to impact natural populations, but little focus has been placed on the impacts on mosquitoes when exposed to non-lethal doses of IGRs similar to the levels they would be exposed to with autodissemination approaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, the impact of non-lethal doses of pyriproxyfen (PPF) on the reproductive fitness of <i>Ae. albopictus</i> was investigated. Female and male <i>Ae. albopictus</i> mosquitoes were exposed to non-lethal doses of PPF and their fecundity and fertility were measured. To examine the impact of non-lethal doses of PPF, the expression of the ecdysone-regulated genes <i>USP</i>, <i>HR3</i>, and <i>Vg</i>, which are involved in vitellogenesis, was determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results demonstrated a significant reduction in female fecundity and in the blood feeding and egg hatching rates upon exposure to non-lethal doses of PPF. Oocyte development was also delayed in PPF-treated females. Furthermore, exposure to non-lethal doses of PPF altered the expression of the genes involved in vitellogenesis, indicating disruption of hormonal regulation. Interestingly, PPF exposure also reduced the sperm production in males, suggesting a potential semi-sterilization effect.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings suggest that non-lethal doses of PPF could enhance the efficacy of autodissemination approaches by impacting the reproductive fitness of both males and females. However, further research is needed to validate these laboratory findings in field settings and to assess their practical implications for vector control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11250599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141629648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2024.1392198
Khanh-Van Ho, Bruce E Hibbard, Thu T H Do, Adrian J Pekarcik, Man P Huynh
We identified a single diet formulation that can be used for three Diabrotica species including southern (SCR), western (WCR), and northern corn rootworm (NCR) by evaluating the performance of these pests on specialized diets (F9800B diet for SCR, WCRMO-2 diet for WCR, and NCRMO-1 diet for NCR) and a larval diet (F9772 diet) widely used for lepidopteran species. After 10 days of rearing, the WCRMO-2 diet yielded better or equal larval growth and development of all three rootworm species compared to other diets. For SCR larvae, the WCRMO-2 diet outperformed other diets. Larval fresh weight, percent molt to 2nd instar, and percent molt to 3rd instar on the WCRMO-2 diet were 12-fold, 2.7-fold, and 14-fold increases, respectively compared to that of the F9800B diet. Significantly more SCR larvae survived on the WCRMO-2 diet (98.9%) than on the F9800B diet (90.6%). The WCRMO-2 diet supported WCR and NCR larvae equal to the NCRMO-1 diet and better than other diets. The F9772 diet was the worst diet of all examined species. The availability of a universal diet (the WCRMO-2 diet) for the three Diabrotica species would facilitate research programs to monitor resistance development and develop new control tactics targeting these important pests.
{"title":"A universal artificial diet for corn rootworm (<i>Diabrotica</i> spp.) larval biopesticide assays.","authors":"Khanh-Van Ho, Bruce E Hibbard, Thu T H Do, Adrian J Pekarcik, Man P Huynh","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1392198","DOIUrl":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1392198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We identified a single diet formulation that can be used for three <i>Diabrotica</i> species including southern (SCR), western (WCR), and northern corn rootworm (NCR) by evaluating the performance of these pests on specialized diets (F9800B diet for SCR, WCRMO-2 diet for WCR, and NCRMO-1 diet for NCR) and a larval diet (F9772 diet) widely used for lepidopteran species. After 10 days of rearing, the WCRMO-2 diet yielded better or equal larval growth and development of all three rootworm species compared to other diets. For SCR larvae, the WCRMO-2 diet outperformed other diets. Larval fresh weight, percent molt to 2nd instar, and percent molt to 3rd instar on the WCRMO-2 diet were 12-fold, 2.7-fold, and 14-fold increases, respectively compared to that of the F9800B diet. Significantly more SCR larvae survived on the WCRMO-2 diet (98.9%) than on the F9800B diet (90.6%). The WCRMO-2 diet supported WCR and NCR larvae equal to the NCRMO-1 diet and better than other diets. The F9772 diet was the worst diet of all examined species. The availability of a universal diet (the WCRMO-2 diet) for the three <i>Diabrotica</i> species would facilitate research programs to monitor resistance development and develop new control tactics targeting these important pests.</p>","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11249545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141629647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-28eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2024.1362473
Minurani Dalai, Anita Jagota
Bombyx mori is a lepidopteran holometabolous insect with distinct developmental stages: egg, larvae, pupae, and adult. The lepidopteran insect undergoes major modifications in the central nervous system (CNS) so as to adapt to the lifestyle of these distinct stages with specific habitats and functions from voraciously feeding larval stages to flying reproductive adults via dormant pupal stages. Such transitions are linked to transcriptional, epigenetic, and translational complexities. Therefore, studying rhythmic gene expression in CNS of various developmental stages and the effects of antagonists on developmental hormones requires a very stable reference gene (RG). To facilitate rhythmic gene expression studies using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in B. mori and the effect of developmental hormone juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxy ecdysone hormone (20 HE), antagonists Precocene 1 and testosterone, respectively, were used. Eight candidate RGs, namely, Translational initiation factor 3 subunit 4 (TI3S4), Translational initiation factor 3 subunit 5 (TI3S5), Ribosomal protein subunit 7 (RPs7), TATA-binding protein association factor (TAF13), Translational initiation factor 4 A (TI4A), Ribosomal protein (RPL32), Elongation factor 1 (EF1), and Arginine kinase (AK), were assessed in the CNS of B. mori. The postembryonic developmental (PED) stages used were the fifth late larval instar, early pupa, mid pupa, late pupa, and adult. The assessments were done at four different time points, Zeitgeber time (ZT) 0, 6, 12, and 18, to find stability towards 24-h rhythmic expression. RefFinder, geNorm, and Ct value analysis were performed. RefFinder and geNORM studies suggested stability order as TI3S4 > TI3S5 > RPs7, but Ct value evaluation showed stability order as TI3S5 > TI3S4 > RPs7. We therefore demonstrated that TI3S4, TI3S5, and RPs7 can be used as RG in various PED stages in CNS of B. mori (Strain: CB-hybrid, PM×CSR2) towards studies with effects of JH and 20 HE antagonists.
{"title":"Identification of specific reference gene for normalization of RT-qPCR data in rhythmic gene expression studies of the effect of developmental hormone antagonist in postembryonic development in <i>Bombyx mori</i>.","authors":"Minurani Dalai, Anita Jagota","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1362473","DOIUrl":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1362473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Bombyx mori</i> is a lepidopteran holometabolous insect with distinct developmental stages: egg, larvae, pupae, and adult. The lepidopteran insect undergoes major modifications in the central nervous system (CNS) so as to adapt to the lifestyle of these distinct stages with specific habitats and functions from voraciously feeding larval stages to flying reproductive adults via dormant pupal stages. Such transitions are linked to transcriptional, epigenetic, and translational complexities. Therefore, studying rhythmic gene expression in CNS of various developmental stages and the effects of antagonists on developmental hormones requires a very stable reference gene (RG). To facilitate rhythmic gene expression studies using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in <i>B. mori</i> and the effect of developmental hormone juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxy ecdysone hormone (20 HE), antagonists Precocene 1 and testosterone, respectively, were used. Eight candidate RGs, namely, <i>Translational initiation factor 3 subunit 4</i> (TI3S4), <i>Translational initiation factor 3 subunit 5</i> (TI3S5), <i>Ribosomal protein subunit 7</i> (RPs7), <i>TATA-binding protein association factor</i> (TAF13), <i>Translational initiation factor 4 A</i> (TI4A), <i>Ribosomal protein</i> (RPL32), <i>Elongation factor</i> 1 (EF1), and <i>Arginine kinase</i> (AK), were assessed in the CNS of <i>B. mori</i>. The postembryonic developmental (PED) stages used were the fifth late larval instar, early pupa, mid pupa, late pupa, and adult. The assessments were done at four different time points, Zeitgeber time (ZT) 0, 6, 12, and 18, to find stability towards 24-h rhythmic expression. RefFinder, geNorm, and Ct value analysis were performed. RefFinder and geNORM studies suggested stability order as TI3S4 > TI3S5 > RPs7, but Ct value evaluation showed stability order as TI3S5 > TI3S4 > RPs7. We therefore demonstrated that TI3S4, TI3S5, and RPs7 can be used as RG in various PED stages in CNS of <i>B. mori</i> (Strain: CB-hybrid, PM×CSR2) towards studies with effects of JH and 20 HE antagonists.</p>","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11239437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-28eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2024.1328235
Joseph M Karimi, Jane G Nyaanga, Richard M S Mulwa, Joshua O Ogendo, Philip K Bett, Erick K Cheruiyot, Sarah E J Arnold, Steven R Belmain, Philip C Stevenson
Lablab (Lablab purpureus L.) is an important food and livestock feed legume that can also enhance soil fertility. However, its production is limited by insect pests, notably the black bean aphid (Aphis fabae). The present field study was conducted to determine the difference in the contribution of lablab genotypes and natural field margin vegetation (FMV) to the abundance and diversity of natural enemies and the damage, incidence, and abundance of bean aphids. Eighteen lablab genotypes were planted in the presence or absence of FMV in a randomized complete block design experiment replicated four times. Data on aphid abundance, incidence, and severity of damage were collected at four growth stages of the crop. Lablab genotypes significantly influenced aphid incidence, suggesting some level of tolerance to aphid colonization. Findings showed that lablab genotypes were a significant influence on natural enemy species richness with no statistical difference for abundance and natural enemy species diversity. However, the genotypes did not vary significantly in their influence on the number of aphid natural enemies. FMV was associated with low bean aphid damage. Overall, the presence or absence of FMV did not influence the number of natural enemies caught on the crop. This concurs with recent work that shows a similar number of natural enemies with field margin plants but may reflect the reduced number of pest insects. Cropping seasons influenced aphid abundance and damage severity, with the populations developing at the early stages of lablab development and decreasing as the crop advanced. This pattern was similar both in the presence or absence of FMV. The findings of this study highlight the important contribution of crop genotype together with the presence of field margin species in the regulation of aphids and their natural enemies in lablab.
{"title":"Lablab (<i>Lablab purpureus</i> L.) genotypes and field margin vegetation influence bean aphids and their natural enemies.","authors":"Joseph M Karimi, Jane G Nyaanga, Richard M S Mulwa, Joshua O Ogendo, Philip K Bett, Erick K Cheruiyot, Sarah E J Arnold, Steven R Belmain, Philip C Stevenson","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1328235","DOIUrl":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1328235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lablab (<i>Lablab purpureus</i> L.) is an important food and livestock feed legume that can also enhance soil fertility. However, its production is limited by insect pests, notably the black bean aphid (<i>Aphis fabae</i>). The present field study was conducted to determine the difference in the contribution of lablab genotypes and natural field margin vegetation (FMV) to the abundance and diversity of natural enemies and the damage, incidence, and abundance of bean aphids. Eighteen lablab genotypes were planted in the presence or absence of FMV in a randomized complete block design experiment replicated four times. Data on aphid abundance, incidence, and severity of damage were collected at four growth stages of the crop. Lablab genotypes significantly influenced aphid incidence, suggesting some level of tolerance to aphid colonization. Findings showed that lablab genotypes were a significant influence on natural enemy species richness with no statistical difference for abundance and natural enemy species diversity. However, the genotypes did not vary significantly in their influence on the number of aphid natural enemies. FMV was associated with low bean aphid damage. Overall, the presence or absence of FMV did not influence the number of natural enemies caught on the crop. This concurs with recent work that shows a similar number of natural enemies with field margin plants but may reflect the reduced number of pest insects. Cropping seasons influenced aphid abundance and damage severity, with the populations developing at the early stages of lablab development and decreasing as the crop advanced. This pattern was similar both in the presence or absence of FMV. The findings of this study highlight the important contribution of crop genotype together with the presence of field margin species in the regulation of aphids and their natural enemies in lablab.</p>","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11240140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2024.1345139
Thomas Lapaka Odong, Isaac Obongo, Richard Ariong, Stella E. Adur, Stella A. Adumo, Denish Oyaro Onen, Bob I. Rwotonen, Michael H. Otim
Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), fall armyworm (FAW), a polyphagous Noctuid pest, was first reported in Uganda in 2016. Farmers were trained to identify and manage the pest, but there was a lack of information on farmer knowledge, perceptions and practices deployed to control it. Therefore, we conducted a survey to assess maize farmers’ knowledge, perceptions and management of the pest during the invasion. We interviewed 1,289 maize farmers from 10 maize-growing agro-ecological zones (AEZ) of Uganda using well-structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed using R version 4.2.3. The respondents faced many constraints, including pests, drought, poor soils and labor constraints. Among the pests, FAW was ranked by most (85%) of the respondents as the number one pest problem in maize, and some farmers reported having noticed it way back in 2014. By 2018, more than 90% of the farmers had seen or heard about FAW, and about 80% saw FAW in their fields. The most common FAW symptoms reported by maize farmers were windowing, near tunnel damage, and holes on the cobs. The developmental stages of FAW identified by farmers included eggs (10%), young larvae (78.7%), mature larvae (73.5%) and adult moths (6.7%). Insecticides were the major control tactic, although some farmers used plant extracts, hand-picking, sand, and ash. Farmers sourced information on FAW from various sources, including fellow farmers, radio/TV, extension agents, input dealers, print media, research and NGO extension. There is a need to package clear and uniform information for the farmers and to develop and promote a sustainable solution for FAW management, including harnessing biological control and cultural practices.
{"title":"Farmer perceptions, knowledge, and management of fall armyworm in maize production in Uganda","authors":"Thomas Lapaka Odong, Isaac Obongo, Richard Ariong, Stella E. Adur, Stella A. Adumo, Denish Oyaro Onen, Bob I. Rwotonen, Michael H. Otim","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1345139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2024.1345139","url":null,"abstract":"Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), fall armyworm (FAW), a polyphagous Noctuid pest, was first reported in Uganda in 2016. Farmers were trained to identify and manage the pest, but there was a lack of information on farmer knowledge, perceptions and practices deployed to control it. Therefore, we conducted a survey to assess maize farmers’ knowledge, perceptions and management of the pest during the invasion. We interviewed 1,289 maize farmers from 10 maize-growing agro-ecological zones (AEZ) of Uganda using well-structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed using R version 4.2.3. The respondents faced many constraints, including pests, drought, poor soils and labor constraints. Among the pests, FAW was ranked by most (85%) of the respondents as the number one pest problem in maize, and some farmers reported having noticed it way back in 2014. By 2018, more than 90% of the farmers had seen or heard about FAW, and about 80% saw FAW in their fields. The most common FAW symptoms reported by maize farmers were windowing, near tunnel damage, and holes on the cobs. The developmental stages of FAW identified by farmers included eggs (10%), young larvae (78.7%), mature larvae (73.5%) and adult moths (6.7%). Insecticides were the major control tactic, although some farmers used plant extracts, hand-picking, sand, and ash. Farmers sourced information on FAW from various sources, including fellow farmers, radio/TV, extension agents, input dealers, print media, research and NGO extension. There is a need to package clear and uniform information for the farmers and to develop and promote a sustainable solution for FAW management, including harnessing biological control and cultural practices.","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140963489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-26eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2024.1415809
C Ruth Archer, Christopher W Weldon
{"title":"Editorial: Diet, nutrition and insect responses to environmental change.","authors":"C Ruth Archer, Christopher W Weldon","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1415809","DOIUrl":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1415809","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11082436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140913659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2024.1415939
Chloe Sargent, Brad Ebanks, Ian C W Hardy, T G Emyr Davies, Lisa Chakrabarti, Reinhard Stöger
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2021.765179.].
[此处更正了文章 DOI:10.3389/finsc.2021.765179]。
{"title":"Corrigendum: Acute imidacloprid exposure alters mitochondrial function in bumblebee flight muscle and brain.","authors":"Chloe Sargent, Brad Ebanks, Ian C W Hardy, T G Emyr Davies, Lisa Chakrabarti, Reinhard Stöger","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1415939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2024.1415939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2021.765179.].</p>","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11072180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140874298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2024.1376011
Sophie Laurie, Leah Ainslie, Sharon Mitchell, Juliano Morimoto
Climate change poses a significant threat to food security and global public health with the increasing likelihood of insect pest outbreaks. Alternative ways to control insect populations, preferably using environmental-friendly compounds, are needed. Turmeric has been suggested as a natural insecticide with toxicity properties in some insect groups. However, empirical evidence of the effects of turmeric - and their interaction with other ecological factors such as diet - on insect survival has been limited. Here, we tested the effects of turmeric and its interactions with diets differing in protein source in the common housefly, Musca domestica. We found that turmeric shortened lifespan independent of diet and sex. Females in turmeric diets were heavier at death, which was likely driven by a combination of relatively lower rates of body mass loss during their lifetime and a higher percentage of water content at death. Each sex responded differently to the protein source in the diet, and the magnitude of the difference in lifespan between sexes were greatest in diets in which protein source was hydrolysed yeast; individuals from both sexes lived longest in sucrose-milk diets and shortest in diets with hydrolysed yeast. There was no evidence of an interaction between turmeric and diet, suggesting that the toxicity effects are independent of protein source in the diet. Given the seemingly opposing effects of turmeric in insects and mammals being uncovered in the literature, our findings provide further evidence in support of turmeric as a potential natural insecticide.
{"title":"Turmeric shortens lifespan in houseflies.","authors":"Sophie Laurie, Leah Ainslie, Sharon Mitchell, Juliano Morimoto","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1376011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2024.1376011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change poses a significant threat to food security and global public health with the increasing likelihood of insect pest outbreaks. Alternative ways to control insect populations, preferably using environmental-friendly compounds, are needed. Turmeric has been suggested as a natural insecticide with toxicity properties in some insect groups. However, empirical evidence of the effects of turmeric - and their interaction with other ecological factors such as diet - on insect survival has been limited. Here, we tested the effects of turmeric and its interactions with diets differing in protein source in the common housefly, <i>Musca domestica</i>. We found that turmeric shortened lifespan independent of diet and sex. Females in turmeric diets were heavier at death, which was likely driven by a combination of relatively lower rates of body mass loss during their lifetime and a higher percentage of water content at death. Each sex responded differently to the protein source in the diet, and the magnitude of the difference in lifespan between sexes were greatest in diets in which protein source was hydrolysed yeast; individuals from both sexes lived longest in sucrose-milk diets and shortest in diets with hydrolysed yeast. There was no evidence of an interaction between turmeric and diet, suggesting that the toxicity effects are independent of protein source in the diet. Given the seemingly opposing effects of turmeric in insects and mammals being uncovered in the literature, our findings provide further evidence in support of turmeric as a potential natural insecticide.</p>","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11040687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140854690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2024.1374325
Farwa Sajadi, Jean-Paul V Paluzzi
The insect ion transport peptide (ITP) and its alternatively spliced variant, ITP-like peptide (ITP-L), belong to the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone family of peptides and are widely conserved among insect species. While limited, studies have characterized the ITP/ITP-L signaling system within insects, and putative functions including regulation of ion and fluid transport, ovarian maturation, and thirst/excretion have been proposed. Herein, we aimed to molecularly investigate Itp and Itp-l expression profiles in the mosquito, Aedes aegypti, examine peptide immunolocalization and distribution within the adult central nervous system, and elucidate physiological roles for these neuropeptides. Transcript expression profiles of both AedaeItp and AedaeItp-l revealed distinct enrichment patterns in adults, with AedaeItp expressed in the brain and AedaeItp-l expression predominantly within the abdominal ganglia. Immunohistochemical analysis within the central nervous system revealed expression of AedaeITP peptide in a number of cells in the brain and in the terminal ganglion. Comparatively, AedaeITP-L peptide was localized solely within the pre-terminal abdominal ganglia of the central nervous system. Interestingly, prolonged desiccation stress caused upregulation of AedaeItp and AedaeItp-l levels in adult mosquitoes, suggesting possible functional roles in water conservation and feeding-related activities. RNAi-mediated knockdown of AedaeItp caused an increase in urine excretion, while knockdown of both AedaeItp and AedaeItp-l reduced blood feeding and egg-laying in females as well as hindered egg viability, suggesting roles in reproductive physiology and behavior. Altogether, this study identifies AedaeITP and AedaeITP-L as key pleiotropic hormones, regulating various critical physiological processes in the disease vector, A. aegypti.
{"title":"Molecular characterization, localization, and physiological roles of ITP and ITP-L in the mosquito, <i>Aedes aegypti</i>.","authors":"Farwa Sajadi, Jean-Paul V Paluzzi","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1374325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2024.1374325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The insect ion transport peptide (ITP) and its alternatively spliced variant, ITP-like peptide (ITP-L), belong to the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone family of peptides and are widely conserved among insect species. While limited, studies have characterized the ITP/ITP-L signaling system within insects, and putative functions including regulation of ion and fluid transport, ovarian maturation, and thirst/excretion have been proposed. Herein, we aimed to molecularly investigate <i>Itp</i> and <i>Itp-l</i> expression profiles in the mosquito, <i>Aedes aegypti</i>, examine peptide immunolocalization and distribution within the adult central nervous system, and elucidate physiological roles for these neuropeptides. Transcript expression profiles of both <i>AedaeItp</i> and <i>AedaeItp-l</i> revealed distinct enrichment patterns in adults, with <i>AedaeItp</i> expressed in the brain and <i>AedaeItp-l</i> expression predominantly within the abdominal ganglia. Immunohistochemical analysis within the central nervous system revealed expression of <i>Aedae</i>ITP peptide in a number of cells in the brain and in the terminal ganglion. Comparatively, <i>Aedae</i>ITP-L peptide was localized solely within the pre-terminal abdominal ganglia of the central nervous system. Interestingly, prolonged desiccation stress caused upregulation of <i>AedaeItp</i> and <i>AedaeItp-l</i> levels in adult mosquitoes, suggesting possible functional roles in water conservation and feeding-related activities. RNAi-mediated knockdown of <i>AedaeItp</i> caused an increase in urine excretion, while knockdown of both <i>AedaeItp</i> and <i>AedaeItp-l</i> reduced blood feeding and egg-laying in females as well as hindered egg viability, suggesting roles in reproductive physiology and behavior. Altogether, this study identifies <i>Aedae</i>ITP and <i>Aedae</i>ITP-L as key pleiotropic hormones, regulating various critical physiological processes in the disease vector, <i>A. aegypti</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11035804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140875101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-18DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2024.1378061
Kishan R. Sambaraju, Vivek Srivastava, Brittany S. Barker, M. Keena, Michael D. Ormsby, Allan L. Carroll
{"title":"Editorial: Forest insect invasions – risk mapping approaches and applications","authors":"Kishan R. Sambaraju, Vivek Srivastava, Brittany S. Barker, M. Keena, Michael D. Ormsby, Allan L. Carroll","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1378061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2024.1378061","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140233463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}