Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5406/21567417.66.1.09
H. Sparling, P. MacIntyre, S. Baker
It is urgent that we learn how to motivate learners of threatened heritage languages. Motivational theories, however, are weakened when they consider heritage languages in isolation from the rest of the culture in which they are enmeshed. By drawing on psycholinguist Zoltán Dörnyei's L2 Motivational Self System to analyze interviews with ten traditional musicians from Nova Scotia with varying degrees of Gaelic fluency, we find that musical knowledge inspires and enriches their language learning and vice versa. It is the interviewees’ holistic understanding of Gaelic culture, as well as the culture's links to community and heritage, that motivates them.
{"title":"Motivating Traditional Musicians to Learn a Heritage Language in Gaelic Nova Scotia","authors":"H. Sparling, P. MacIntyre, S. Baker","doi":"10.5406/21567417.66.1.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21567417.66.1.09","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 It is urgent that we learn how to motivate learners of threatened heritage languages. Motivational theories, however, are weakened when they consider heritage languages in isolation from the rest of the culture in which they are enmeshed. By drawing on psycholinguist Zoltán Dörnyei's L2 Motivational Self System to analyze interviews with ten traditional musicians from Nova Scotia with varying degrees of Gaelic fluency, we find that musical knowledge inspires and enriches their language learning and vice versa. It is the interviewees’ holistic understanding of Gaelic culture, as well as the culture's links to community and heritage, that motivates them.","PeriodicalId":51751,"journal":{"name":"ETHNOMUSICOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43698729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5406/21567417.66.1.12
Ann E. Lucas
{"title":"Inside Arabic Music: Arabic Maqam Performance and Theory in the 20th Century","authors":"Ann E. Lucas","doi":"10.5406/21567417.66.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21567417.66.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51751,"journal":{"name":"ETHNOMUSICOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42578801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5406/21567417.66.1.19
John R. Pippen
{"title":"The Magic of Beverly Sills","authors":"John R. Pippen","doi":"10.5406/21567417.66.1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21567417.66.1.19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51751,"journal":{"name":"ETHNOMUSICOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49177248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5406/21567417.66.1.11
J. Mcintosh
{"title":"Gamelan Girls: Gender, Childhood, and Politics in Balinese Music Ensembles","authors":"J. Mcintosh","doi":"10.5406/21567417.66.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21567417.66.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51751,"journal":{"name":"ETHNOMUSICOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44045733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To evaluate the effects of C-factor on the bond strength of universal adhesives to floor and wall dentin in class-I composite restorations using a bulk-fill composite.
Materials and methods: 108 non-carious humans third molars were randomly divided into four groups as follows: flat wall, flat floor, cavity wall, and cavity floor (n = 36). Then, each group was subdivided into three subgroups according to the type of adhesive used: Single Bond Universal, G-premio Bond (both universal adhesives), or Adper Single Bond 2 (an etch-and-rinse adhesive). After the bonding procedure, X-tra fill resin composite was applied in bulk to build up the flat surfaces or fill the cavities.Then the teeth were sectioned into 1-mm2 sticks and microtensile bond strength (µTBS) was measured using a universal testing machine. µTBS (MPa) was analyzed by one-way, two-way, and three-way ANOVA using SPSS Version 23 (a = 0.05).
Results: Interactions between adhesives and bonding surfaces, as well as C-factor and bonding surfaces showed statistically significant differences, but the interaction between the C-factor and type of adhesive was not statistically significant. The comparison of bonded surfaces including the flat wall and the flat floor in Adper Single Bond 2 was statistically significant (p < 0.05), except for the cavity wall and cavity floor.
Conclusion: Regardless of the type of adhesives, the C-factor reduced the µTBS of the composite resin to dentin. Adper Single Bond 2 mediated higher µTBS than did the universal adhesives G-premio Bond and Single Bond Universal.
材料和方法：将 108 颗无龋人类第三磨牙随机分为以下四组：平壁组、平底组、洞壁组和洞底组（n = 36）。然后，根据所用粘合剂的类型，每组又分为三个亚组：Single Bond Universal、G-premio Bond（均为通用型粘合剂）或 Adper Single Bond 2（蚀刻-冲洗型粘合剂）。粘接程序完成后，大量涂抹 X-tra fill 树脂复合材料，以形成平整的表面或填充龋洞。然后将牙齿切成 1 平方毫米的小块，使用万能试验机测量微拉伸粘接强度（µTBS）。使用 SPSS Version 23（a = 0.05）对µTBS（兆帕）进行单因素、双因素和三因素方差分析：粘合剂与粘合表面之间的交互作用以及 C 因子与粘合表面之间的交互作用在统计学上有显著差异，但 C 因子与粘合剂类型之间的交互作用在统计学上无显著差异。除空腔墙和空腔地板外，Adper Single Bond 2 中包括平面墙和平面地板在内的粘合表面的比较具有统计学意义（p < 0.05）：结论：无论使用哪种粘合剂，C因子都会降低复合树脂与牙本质的µTBS。与通用粘合剂 G-premio Bond 和 Single Bond Universal 相比，Adper Single Bond 2 的 µTBS 更高。
{"title":"Effects of C-Factor on Bond Strength of Universal Adhesives to Floor and Wall Dentin in Class-I Composite Restorations.","authors":"Nafiseh Fazelian, Shahin Kasraei, Zahra Khamverdi","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.b2701599","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.jad.b2701599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effects of C-factor on the bond strength of universal adhesives to floor and wall dentin in class-I composite restorations using a bulk-fill composite.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>108 non-carious humans third molars were randomly divided into four groups as follows: flat wall, flat floor, cavity wall, and cavity floor (n = 36). Then, each group was subdivided into three subgroups according to the type of adhesive used: Single Bond Universal, G-premio Bond (both universal adhesives), or Adper Single Bond 2 (an etch-and-rinse adhesive). After the bonding procedure, X-tra fill resin composite was applied in bulk to build up the flat surfaces or fill the cavities.Then the teeth were sectioned into 1-mm2 sticks and microtensile bond strength (µTBS) was measured using a universal testing machine. µTBS (MPa) was analyzed by one-way, two-way, and three-way ANOVA using SPSS Version 23 (a = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Interactions between adhesives and bonding surfaces, as well as C-factor and bonding surfaces showed statistically significant differences, but the interaction between the C-factor and type of adhesive was not statistically significant. The comparison of bonded surfaces including the flat wall and the flat floor in Adper Single Bond 2 was statistically significant (p < 0.05), except for the cavity wall and cavity floor.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Regardless of the type of adhesives, the C-factor reduced the µTBS of the composite resin to dentin. Adper Single Bond 2 mediated higher µTBS than did the universal adhesives G-premio Bond and Single Bond Universal.</p>","PeriodicalId":51751,"journal":{"name":"ETHNOMUSICOLOGY","volume":"25 1","pages":"2-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90738914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.5406/ethnomusicology.65.3.0413
R. Moore, Luis Ricardo Silva Queiroz, John Bimbiras, C. Rohm, A. Thornton
Many authors in recent years note threats to humanistic studies within higher education. They express concern about the overproduction of PhD graduates, the increasing costs of higher education, and other topics. Ethnomusicologists are undoubtedly aware of such issues, yet as a society SEM has not engaged with related publications, nor has it collected much data on specific challenges to our own field. This essay synthesizes literature on trends within the humanities and considers its potential relevance for ethnomusicology. Then, based on interviews with faculty, as well as a 2018 survey circulated to current and former students on the SEM LISTSERV, it briefly considers the state of our discipline in terms of core training, student support, student placement, and other topics. The data suggest that many issues confronting ethnomusicologists resonate with those in other disciplines and that we would benefit from engagement with nationwide dialogues involving the future of graduate studies. Suggestions proposed are many and include an orientation of research toward issues impacting communities near one’s university, greater focus on team-based inquiry rather than individual scholarship, more active collaborations across disciplines, diverse professional training, more attention to shaping the content of K–12 education, communication with diverse audiences, and a research focus on areas of broad public concern whenever possible.
{"title":"Ethnomusicology and Higher Education: Challenges, Trends, and Lessons from the Humanities","authors":"R. Moore, Luis Ricardo Silva Queiroz, John Bimbiras, C. Rohm, A. Thornton","doi":"10.5406/ethnomusicology.65.3.0413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/ethnomusicology.65.3.0413","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Many authors in recent years note threats to humanistic studies within higher education. They express concern about the overproduction of PhD graduates, the increasing costs of higher education, and other topics. Ethnomusicologists are undoubtedly aware of such issues, yet as a society SEM has not engaged with related publications, nor has it collected much data on specific challenges to our own field. This essay synthesizes literature on trends within the humanities and considers its potential relevance for ethnomusicology. Then, based on interviews with faculty, as well as a 2018 survey circulated to current and former students on the SEM LISTSERV, it briefly considers the state of our discipline in terms of core training, student support, student placement, and other topics. The data suggest that many issues confronting ethnomusicologists resonate with those in other disciplines and that we would benefit from engagement with nationwide dialogues involving the future of graduate studies. Suggestions proposed are many and include an orientation of research toward issues impacting communities near one’s university, greater focus on team-based inquiry rather than individual scholarship, more active collaborations across disciplines, diverse professional training, more attention to shaping the content of K–12 education, communication with diverse audiences, and a research focus on areas of broad public concern whenever possible.","PeriodicalId":51751,"journal":{"name":"ETHNOMUSICOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46865522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.5406/ethnomusicology.65.3.0574
Christine Thu Nhi Dang
Arguably the foremost pioneer of indigenized hymnody in Senegal, Julien Jouga composed hymns that achieved remarkable popularity beyond the Catholic Church, beloved by Muslims and Christians alike. In his compositions, Jouga did not limit himself to conventional Catholic materials but drew extensively upon the practices of mystical Islam and African traditional religions. Amalgamating divergent musical, cultural, and spiritual sources, Jouga entered into dialogue with the voices of religious others, voices whom he confronted as equals within the polyphonic lines of his hymns. Through this radically dialogic approach, Jouga’s compositions became performances of deep polyphony: of inclusive hymnody that recognizes the truths of others and celebrates the simultaneity of moral and spiritual paths in the midst of religious difference. Sans doute le plus grand pionnier de l’hymnodie au Sénégal, Julien Jouga a composé des hymnes qui ont acquis une popularité remarquable, audelà même de l‘Église catholique, aimés des musulmans comme des chrétiens. Dans ses compositions, Jouga ne s’est pas limité aux matériaux catholiques conventionnels et s’est largement inspiré des pratiques de l’Islam mystique et des religions traditionnelles africaines. Amalgamant des éléments musicaux, culturels et spirituels distincts, Jouga est entré en dialogue au sein de la pluralité religieuse, voix qu’il a traitées d‘égal à égal dans les lignes polyphoniques de ses hymnes. Par cette approche radicalement dialogique, les compositions de Jouga sont devenues des performances de polyphonie profonde, d’hymnodie inclusive qui reconnaît les vérités d’autrui et célèbre la simultanéité des chemins moraux et spirituels au coeur de la différence religieuse.
{"title":"Deep Polyphony in the Hymns of Julien Jouga","authors":"Christine Thu Nhi Dang","doi":"10.5406/ethnomusicology.65.3.0574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/ethnomusicology.65.3.0574","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Arguably the foremost pioneer of indigenized hymnody in Senegal, Julien Jouga composed hymns that achieved remarkable popularity beyond the Catholic Church, beloved by Muslims and Christians alike. In his compositions, Jouga did not limit himself to conventional Catholic materials but drew extensively upon the practices of mystical Islam and African traditional religions. Amalgamating divergent musical, cultural, and spiritual sources, Jouga entered into dialogue with the voices of religious others, voices whom he confronted as equals within the polyphonic lines of his hymns. Through this radically dialogic approach, Jouga’s compositions became performances of deep polyphony: of inclusive hymnody that recognizes the truths of others and celebrates the simultaneity of moral and spiritual paths in the midst of religious difference.\u0000 Sans doute le plus grand pionnier de l’hymnodie au Sénégal, Julien Jouga a composé des hymnes qui ont acquis une popularité remarquable, audelà même de l‘Église catholique, aimés des musulmans comme des chrétiens. Dans ses compositions, Jouga ne s’est pas limité aux matériaux catholiques conventionnels et s’est largement inspiré des pratiques de l’Islam mystique et des religions traditionnelles africaines. Amalgamant des éléments musicaux, culturels et spirituels distincts, Jouga est entré en dialogue au sein de la pluralité religieuse, voix qu’il a traitées d‘égal à égal dans les lignes polyphoniques de ses hymnes. Par cette approche radicalement dialogique, les compositions de Jouga sont devenues des performances de polyphonie profonde, d’hymnodie inclusive qui reconnaît les vérités d’autrui et célèbre la simultanéité des chemins moraux et spirituels au coeur de la différence religieuse.","PeriodicalId":51751,"journal":{"name":"ETHNOMUSICOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46881180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.5406/ethnomusicology.65.3.0617
Jennie Gubner
{"title":"American Music Documentary: Five Case Studies of Ciné-Ethnomusicology","authors":"Jennie Gubner","doi":"10.5406/ethnomusicology.65.3.0617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/ethnomusicology.65.3.0617","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51751,"journal":{"name":"ETHNOMUSICOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46050419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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