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Claiming Democratic Bodies, Ethics, and Equality 要求民主机构、道德与平等
IF 0.7 Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1215/1089201x-10375383
Kamilia Al-Eriani
Abstract:This article demonstrates how protests as modes of political action are not only about claiming public spaces and democratic rights. Essentially, they articulate a mode of claiming corporeal democratic bodies cultivated and inhabited by revolutionaries in their attempts to unsettle the established political order. To elucidate this argument, this article reflects on the Life March, a 267-kilometer march from Ta'izz to San'a on foot over five days, staged by Yemeni protesters in 2011. It pays attention to the ways in which the bodily actions of the marchers incited a social imagination of the democratic communitarian order. The marchers' injured feet mobilized desires to reciprocate through collective ethical practices of waiting, greeting, giving, and protecting enacted by communities en route to San'a. The article suggests that through these enactments, communities sought to ethically elevate themselves as political equals to the marchers, allowing a novel form of democratic ethos to emerge. The article contends that an equality among differences rather than sameness was fashioned as the political of a different order came into being.
摘要:本文论证了抗议作为一种政治行动方式如何不仅仅是要求公共空间和民主权利。从本质上讲,他们阐明了一种声称由革命者在试图扰乱既定政治秩序时培育和居住的物质民主机构的模式。为了阐明这一观点,本文回顾了2011年也门抗议者从塔伊兹到萨那历时五天、全长267公里的“生命大游行”。它关注的是游行者的身体行为如何激发社会对民主共产主义秩序的想象。游行者受伤的双脚激起了他们的愿望,他们希望在前往萨那的途中,通过社区制定的等待、问候、给予和保护等集体道德实践来回报。文章认为,通过这些立法,社区寻求在道德上提升自己,使自己在政治上与游行者平等,从而形成一种新型的民主精神。本文认为,随着不同秩序政治的形成,形成了一种差异而非相同的平等。
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引用次数: 0
The Buddhavanam Replica Stupa in Telangana 泰伦加纳邦的佛塔复制品
IF 0.7 Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1215/1089201x-10375357
Catherine Becker
The Sri Parvata Arama, or the Buddhavanam, is a Buddhist theme park near the banks of the Nagarjuna Sagar reservoir in Telangana. Sponsored by the state government, this park features at its center a full-scale replica of the Amaravati stupa. While this replica stupa might seem to revivify the largely destroyed stupa at Amaravati, this article also examines how the Buddhavanam engages with a wide-ranging visual archive in order to create a home at which every imaginable visitor—foreign and local—will encounter familiar imagery. The stupa's sculptural adornment primarily takes inspiration from limestone sculptures that once adorned ancient Buddhist sites along the Krishna River Valley. However, additional scenes on the stupa are drawn from disparate sources: reliefs carved from photographs of M. K. Gandhi, B. R. Ambedkar, and the current chief minister of Telangana appear alongside stone versions of paintings from the Mogao Caves at Dunhuang and Alchi in Ladakh. This article examines how this replica stupa and the surrounding theme park allow the new state of Telangana not only to articulate its claim to the Buddhist heritage that is now shared with the state of Andhra Pradesh but also to participate in a boom in state-sponsored religious monuments across India.
Sri Parvata Arama或Buddhavanam是一个佛教主题公园,位于特伦甘纳Nagarjuna Sagar水库岸边。该公园由州政府赞助,其中心是阿玛拉瓦蒂佛塔的全尺寸复制品。虽然这座复制的佛塔似乎恢复了阿玛拉瓦蒂大部分被毁的佛塔,但这篇文章也探讨了佛像是如何与广泛的视觉档案相结合,以创造一个家,让每一位可以想象的游客——无论是外国游客还是本地游客——都能在这里看到熟悉的图像。佛塔的雕塑装饰主要来自石灰岩雕塑,这些雕塑曾装饰过克里希纳河谷沿岸的古代佛教遗址。然而,佛塔上的其他场景来自不同的来源:用M·K·甘地、B·R·安贝德卡尔和特伦甘纳现任首席部长的照片雕刻的浮雕与敦煌莫高窟和拉达克阿尔奇的石头版画作一起出现。这篇文章探讨了这座复制的佛塔和周围的主题公园是如何让特伦甘纳新州不仅能够阐明其对现在与安得拉邦共享的佛教遗产的主张,而且还能参与印度各地由国家赞助的宗教纪念碑的繁荣。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction 介绍
IF 0.7 Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1215/1089201x-10375305
Douglas Ober, David Geary
This special section of Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East ties together a series of modern histories and contemporary ethnographies of Buddhist spaces spread across the Indian subcontinent. Underlining each of the four essays is a concern for the modern fashioning and reimagining of India as a Buddhist “homeland.” In the past century and a half, Buddhist homeland discourses in South Asia have fostered heightened contact between national leaders, Buddhist royalty, entrepreneurs, artists, monastics, and pilgrim-travelers in ways that build upon historical and ritual precedents while simultaneously crafting new paradigms within a transnational, postcolonial arena. Taking inspiration from this translocative orientation, the contributors explore precolonial histories of Buddhist movement alongside more recent networks of Buddhist restoration in the subcontinent, with particular focus on the role of social memory and material culture in shaping the modern episteme. The essays gathered here further these inquiries by exploring how these connections have changed in the context of modern India and how the textures of these encounters cut across national, ethnic, religious, linguistic, and doctrinal lines.
南亚、非洲和中东比较研究的这一特别部分将分布在印度次大陆的一系列佛教空间的现代历史和当代民族志联系在一起。在这四篇文章的每一篇下面加上下划线,是对印度作为佛教“家园”的现代塑造和重新想象的关注。在过去的一个半世纪里,南亚的佛教家园话语促进了国家领导人、佛教皇室、企业家、艺术家、僧侣、,以历史和仪式先例为基础,同时在跨国后殖民舞台上打造新的范式。从这种迁移取向中获得灵感,作者探索了佛教运动的殖民前历史,以及次大陆最近的佛教修复网络,特别关注社会记忆和物质文化在塑造现代认识论中的作用。聚集在这里的文章进一步探讨了这些联系在现代印度的背景下是如何变化的,以及这些遭遇的结构是如何跨越国家、种族、宗教、语言和教义的。
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引用次数: 0
Editors' Note 编者注
Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1215/1089201x-10375291
Editorial| May 01 2023 Editors' Note Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East (2023) 43 (1): 1. https://doi.org/10.1215/1089201X-10375291 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Editors' Note. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 1 May 2023; 43 (1): 1. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/1089201X-10375291 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsComparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East Search Advanced Search Among the many narratives gifted by the colonial excavations of subcontinental pasts, one is the flight of Buddhism from “India” eastward. For the colonial imagination, Islam's violent incursion into the subcontinent in the early eighth century marked the end of Buddhist dominion (and brought about the “Dark Ages” of Hinduism). While scholars have done much to combat such ahistoricist renderings, it remains an ongoing exercise to reimagine (and re-enliven) the relationship between people, faith, and space. This issue opens with a special section, “Buddhist Homelands: Transregional Pathways,” that productively restages the encounter between Hinduism and Buddhism, on the one hand, and modernity and the nation-state on the other. In interrogating the concepts of homeland and diaspora, the section allows us to pay particular attention to embodied movements and the spaces of ritual (temples, say) around which much of contemporary politics is organized.The agitated categories of movement and belonging are... You do not currently have access to this content.
编者按:《南亚、非洲与中东比较研究》(2023)43(1):1。https://doi.org/10.1215/1089201X-10375291引用图标引用共享图标分享Facebook Twitter LinkedIn电子邮件权限搜索网站引文编辑的说明。南亚、非洲和中东比较研究2023年5月1日;43(1): 1。doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/1089201X-10375291下载引文文件:Zotero参考资料管理器EasyBib Bookends Mendeley论文EndNote RefWorks BibTex工具栏搜索搜索下拉菜单工具栏搜索搜索输入搜索输入搜索输入自动建议过滤您的搜索书籍与期刊所有期刊南亚,非洲和中东比较研究高级搜索在次大陆过去的殖民发掘所带来的许多叙述中,其中之一是佛教从“印度”向东飞行。在殖民主义者的想象中,伊斯兰教在8世纪早期对印度次大陆的暴力入侵标志着佛教统治的终结(并带来了印度教的“黑暗时代”)。虽然学者们已经做了很多工作来对抗这种非历史主义的渲染,但重新想象(并重新激活)人、信仰和空间之间的关系仍然是一项正在进行的工作。本期以“佛教家园:跨地区之路”这一特殊章节开篇,富有成效地再现了印度教与佛教、现代性与民族国家之间的相遇。在探讨故土和散居的概念时,这一节允许我们特别关注具体的运动和仪式空间(比如寺庙),当代政治围绕着这些空间组织起来。运动和归属的激动类别是……您目前没有访问此内容的权限。
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引用次数: 0
Uprooted Memories 根深蒂固的记忆
IF 0.7 Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1215/1089201x-10375396
Zainab Saleh
This article examines two documentaries on Iraqi Jews, Forget Baghdad and Remember Baghdad, that focus on the expulsion of Iraqi Jews from Iraq and their lives in Israel and Britain. The exile of Jews from Iraq heralded the end of a vibrant social and political space that Iraqi Jews shared with fellow Iraqis. This article argues that by focusing on questions of forgetting and remembering, the two documentaries foreground memory and nostalgia as sites to explore issues related to home, dislocation, and subjectivity at physical and symbolic levels. Moreover, the acts of remembrance in the films emerge as a dynamic terrain upon which political, generational, and class differences were inscribed and invoked. Iraqi Jews found themselves trapped within a binary framework of Arab nationalistic and Zionist discourses whereby Arabness and Jewishness emerged as an antithesis and denoted otherness, and their position within nation-states became unintelligible. The films, however, reconstruct, in different ways, the possibilities where Arabness, Jewishness, and Iraqiness could overlap, live side by side, and challenge national narratives. Reading the films alongside each other challenges any monolithic or essentialist narratives about an Iraqi Jewish experience by shedding light on the diversity of political projects among Iraqi Jews.
本文考察了两部关于伊拉克犹太人的纪录片《忘记巴格达》和《记住巴格达》,这两部纪录片聚焦于将伊拉克犹太人驱逐出伊拉克以及他们在以色列和英国的生活。犹太人从伊拉克流亡预示着伊拉克犹太人与伊拉克同胞共享的充满活力的社会和政治空间的终结。本文认为,通过关注遗忘和记忆的问题,这两部纪录片将记忆和怀旧作为在物理和象征层面探索与家、错位和主体性相关问题的场所。此外,电影中的纪念行为是一个动态的地形,政治、代际和阶级差异都被记录和援引。伊拉克犹太人发现自己被困在阿拉伯民族主义和犹太复国主义话语的二元框架中,在这个框架中,阿拉伯性和犹太性成为对立,并表示另类,他们在民族国家中的地位变得难以理解。然而,这些电影以不同的方式重建了阿拉伯人、犹太人和伊拉克人可以重叠、并肩生活并挑战国家叙事的可能性。同时阅读这些电影,通过揭示伊拉克犹太人政治项目的多样性,挑战了任何关于伊拉克犹太人经历的单一或本质主义叙事。
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引用次数: 0
“Little Tibet” “小西藏”
IF 0.7 Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1215/1089201x-10375318
Elizabeth Williams-Oerberg
With the Chinese invasion of Tibet, exile-Tibetan Buddhist leaders have found new bases for their monastic endeavors in the Himalayan regions of India and Nepal. This article highlights how the northwest Himalayan region of Ladakh has become a homeland for Tibetan-led Buddhism in India. While previously an independent kingdom, Ladakh has been dubbed “Little Tibet” because of its close geographical, political, cultural, and religious association with the central Tibetan empire. Ladakhis themselves promote the region as “Little Tibet” and the “last Shangri-la” to emphasize the identity of the region as Buddhist. In this way, Ladakhis utilize the moral economy of “Tibetanness” as a means for cultural survival, but also to promote tourism and gain the economic benefits of being “Little Tibet.” By highlighting multiple and ongoing processes of Tibetanization, such as historical/political, cultural/religious, and imagined, this article illuminates the complex Ladakhi-Tibetan relations within projects of cultural preservation in India. Ladakhis are not passive recipients of the cultural domination of Tibetan religious leaders in the area; instead they adopt selective processes of Tibetanization to help safeguard their distinct religious and cultural identity as a religious and ethnic minority in India.
随着中国对西藏的入侵,流亡海外的藏传佛教领袖在印度和尼泊尔的喜马拉雅地区找到了新的修道基地。这篇文章强调了喜马拉雅山脉西北部的拉达克地区是如何成为西藏领导的佛教在印度的家园的。拉达克以前是一个独立的王国,但由于其与西藏中央帝国在地理、政治、文化和宗教上的密切联系,被称为“小西藏”。拉达克人自己将该地区宣传为“小西藏”和“最后的香格里拉”,以强调该地区的佛教徒身份。通过这种方式,拉达克人利用“西藏化”的道德经济作为文化生存的手段,同时也促进了旅游业的发展,并获得了“小西藏”的经济利益,本文阐述了印度文化保护项目中复杂的拉达克-西藏关系。拉达克人并不是该地区西藏宗教领袖文化统治的被动接受者;相反,他们采用选择性的提藏过程,以帮助维护他们作为印度宗教和少数民族的独特宗教和文化身份。
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引用次数: 1
A Great, Restless Stream 大河不息
IF 0.7 Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1215/1089201x-10375409
T. Crowley
This article explores the thought of philosopher, historian, and activist Sharad Patil, particularly the way he constructs theoretical arguments by drawing on, expanding, and critiquing the insights of his predecessors in radical anti-caste thought, Jotirao Phule and B. R. Ambedkar. Patil advances a particular reading of Phule-Ambedkarism to sharpen his critique of orthodox Marxism and develop a philosophy that could undergird revolutionary egalitarian change in India. The article focuses on two key theoretical insights elaborated by Patil and his reading of Phule-Ambedkarism: one historical, centering on the methodological and ideological importance of rewriting longue durée history; the other political-economic, centering on the way that circuits of exploitation and rule get reproduced. The article attempts to read Patil according to his own methodological and analytic criteria. Patil had little interest in purity of theory or in defending the boundaries of the one true Marxism or Phule-Ambedkarism. Even while critiquing Phule and Ambedkar, Patil insistently asked (as this article too asks): what did their philosophies of history, of knowledge, and of political economy enable them to understand about the past, present, and future of egalitarian struggle in India and beyond?
本文探讨了哲学家、历史学家和活动家Sharad Patil的思想,特别是他如何通过借鉴、扩展和批评其激进反种姓思想的前辈Jotirao Phule和B. R. Ambedkar的见解来构建理论论点。Patil对Phule-Ambedkarism进行了一种特殊的解读,以尖锐地批评正统马克思主义,并发展出一种可以为印度革命性的平等主义变革奠定基础的哲学。本文主要关注帕蒂尔阐述的两个关键理论见解以及他对普勒-安贝德卡莱尔主义的解读:一个是历史的,集中于重写长期的杜氏历史在方法论和意识形态上的重要性;另一种是政治经济,以剥削和统治循环的再生产方式为中心。本文试图根据帕蒂尔自己的方法论和分析标准来解读他。帕蒂尔对理论的纯洁性不感兴趣,也不想捍卫真正的马克思主义或普勒-安贝德卡主义的界限。即使在批评普勒和安贝德卡的同时,帕蒂尔也坚持问道(正如本文所问的那样):他们的历史哲学、知识哲学和政治经济学哲学使他们能够理解印度及其他地区平等主义斗争的过去、现在和未来?
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引用次数: 0
Nalanda Rising 那烂陀崛起
IF 0.7 Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1215/1089201x-10375331
John A. Marston, David Geary
While the memory of the ancient Nalanda University has often been invoked in recent years as a symbol of educational excellence and pan-Asian unity, particularly with reference to the creation of a new international university in Bihar, India, these discourses often overlook and erase the significance of Nava Nalanda Mahviahra that was created in India's postindependence period as an institute devoted to the study of Buddhist texts and languages near the archeological site of the ancient university. This article looks at the Indian Buddhist scholar Jagdish Kashyap and his role in creating the state-sponsored institute, the symbolism of cultural revival it represented, and the excitement it generated in international Buddhism, attracting monks and lay students from around the Buddhist world. The article also discusses the institute's links to China and its sensitive relation to the dynamics of the Cold War in the 1950s and ’60s. It then discusses how these two Nalanda insitutions speak to issues of heritage diplomacy and the politics of revival in contemporary India and beyond.
近年来,人们经常将古代那烂陀大学的记忆作为卓越教育和泛亚团结的象征,尤其是在印度比哈尔邦创建一所新的国际大学时,这些话语往往忽视和抹杀了Nava Nalanda Mahviahra的意义,该研究所成立于印度独立后时期,是一所致力于研究古代大学考古遗址附近佛教文本和语言的研究所。这篇文章着眼于印度佛教学者贾格迪什·卡什亚普及其在创建这所由国家资助的学院中的作用,它所代表的文化复兴的象征意义,以及它在国际佛教中引起的兴奋,吸引了来自佛教世界各地的僧侣和非专业学生。文章还讨论了该研究所与中国的联系,以及它与20世纪50年代和60年代冷战动态的敏感关系。然后,它讨论了这两个纳兰达机构如何处理当代印度及其他地区的遗产外交和复兴政治问题。
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引用次数: 0
On Dankwa’s Gift 论丹夸的礼物
IF 0.7 Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/1089201x-10148207
T. Hendriks
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引用次数: 0
Doing Knowledge through Knowing Women 通过了解女性来获取知识
IF 0.7 Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/1089201x-10148194
R. Spronk
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Comparative Studies of South Asia Africa and the Middle East
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