Case Reports in Cardiology最新文献

S. gallolyticus is one of the pathogenic agents of endocarditis, and mitral valve aneurysm is a rare but potentially devastating complication. We present a case of S. gallolyticus aortic valve endocarditis with concomitant anterior mitral valve leaflet aneurysm. Patient underwent surgery before aneurysm perforation, and postoperative course was uneventful. Time of surgery is crucial to avoid severe complications due to aneurysm rupture.

As permanent pacemaker implantation is increasingly becoming a common practice, it is important to understand potential complications associated with the procedure. We present a 78-year-old Caucasian female who developed contralateral pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, and pneumopericardium after undergoing implantation of a dual-chamber pacemaker.

Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors have been widespread in patients with heart failure; however, there is little information regarding its feasibility and safety among patients after the Fontan procedure. We presented five adults after the Fontan procedure who were treated with SGLT-2 inhibitors. All patients reduced oedema and/or pleural effusion despite other conjunct medications were ineffective. Although we did not measure the urine volume in all patients, all patients themselves reported an increase in urinary output after the administration of a SGLT-2 inhibitor. In addition, administration of a SGLT-2 inhibitor resulted in weight loss (4/5), an increase in systemic oxygen saturation (4/5), an increase in serum albumin level (4/5), an increase in estimated glomerular filtration ratio (4/5), and a decrease in plasma brain natriuretic peptide level (4/5). Our case series supported the feasibility and safety of SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with Fontan circulatory failure, although the exact changes in urinary output were unknown in all patients. Further investigation will be required to explore a diuretic effect by SGLT-2 in patients after the Fontan procedure.

This case series demonstrates how COVID-19 infection might affect the heart in the context of acute myocardial infarction. Atrioventricular (AV) block might appear as one of the significant cardiac complications of acute MI in patients who tested COVID-19 PCR positive regardless of the presence of CVOID-19 infection symptoms. In our series, conduction disorders as a complication of acute inferior STEMI are more common in patients who tested positive for the COVID-19 infection. 11 patients out of 18 inferior STEMI patients who have tested positive for the COVID-19 infection have atrioventricular block disorders.

There are several recent reports of tetrahydrocannabinol vaping-related sudden cardiac arrest, and the mechanisms are unclear. We report a unique case of a 19-year-old female who suffered documented prolonged QTc leading to Torsades de pointes and cardiac arrest in the setting of frequent marijuana wax vaping. While she demonstrated normal baseline QTc measurements years earlier, she was found to have a genetic predisposition to QTc prolongation (genetic mutation, family history of prolonged QTc), suggesting that specific patient populations are at higher risk of these adverse events. The patient was acutely managed with isoproterenol to increase the heart rate and was discharged on nadolol after placement of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Marijuana wax vaping and dabbing may cause fatal Torsades de pointes in susceptible patients, and further research is required to identify these patients a priori.

Marijuana has become the most widely used illicit drug in the United States. Approximately 43.5 million Americans aged 12 or above have reported the use of marijuana in the last year. The use of cannabinoids and its relationship with cardiac effects are not well known. Many types of arrhythmias have been noted with the use of cannabis products with atrial fibrillation being the most common arrhythmia associated with the use of cannabis. We present a case of a 36-year-old male who presented with pounding chest pain, dyspnea, and diaphoresis following marijuana use. He was found to be in ventricular tachycardia which responded to amiodarone. Workup done was negative for any structural disease, and cardiac catheterization was negative for coronary artery disease. He was ultimately discharged on metoprolol. In this report, we focus on how marijuana can be associated with many arrhythmias including ventricular tachycardia with focus on mechanisms by which it can occur. We believe a detailed social history with screening for cannabis use can identify more cases of arrhythmias that can be potentially associated with marijuana use.

Anomalous coronary artery is an uncommon congenital cardiac anomaly that is often detected incidentally on coronary angiography. It has rarely been reported in the donor heart of patients who have undergone cardiac transplantation. Here, we report a case of a 72-year-old patient who received a second heart transplant and has been identified to have an anomalous left main coronary artery originating from the right coronary sinus on postoperative coronary angiography.