In this study, silver and iron nanoparticles were biosynthesized using the garlic plant, an economical and environmentally friendly method. A blend of chitosan (CS) and polyvinylalcohol (PVA) was prepared. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3NPs), and the (CS/PVA) blend were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) analyses. The FE-SEM images revealed that Fe2O3NPs were cubical and hexagonal, and AgNPs were spherical aggregates. AgNPs with blend (CS/PVA) and Fe2O3NPs with blend (CS/PVA) and (Fe2O3NPs/blend (CS/PVA) /AgNPs) composite were synthesized and tested for anticancer activity against cervical cancer cells (Hela) using the MTT assay. Best kills and the highest inhibitory effect were observed in (AgNPs/blend (CS/PVA)) and (Fe2O3NPs/Blend (CS/PVA)/AgNPs) composite. These findings demonstrated the method's ability to synthesize nanocomposites with desirable physical, chemical and biological properties. Therefore, these findings demonstrate the new antibacterial and robust cytotoxicity features of the nanocomposite material, which has promising medical applications.
{"title":"Green Synthesis of AgNPs and Fe2O3NPs Using Garlic Plant and Study their Anticancer Activity against Cervical Cancer Cells","authors":"Hala H. Ali, Farah T. Mohammed Noori","doi":"10.30723/ijp.v22i2.1144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v22i2.1144","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, silver and iron nanoparticles were biosynthesized using the garlic plant, an economical and environmentally friendly method. A blend of chitosan (CS) and polyvinylalcohol (PVA) was prepared. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3NPs), and the (CS/PVA) blend were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) analyses. The FE-SEM images revealed that Fe2O3NPs were cubical and hexagonal, and AgNPs were spherical aggregates. AgNPs with blend (CS/PVA) and Fe2O3NPs with blend (CS/PVA) and (Fe2O3NPs/blend (CS/PVA) /AgNPs) composite were synthesized and tested for anticancer activity against cervical cancer cells (Hela) using the MTT assay. Best kills and the highest inhibitory effect were observed in (AgNPs/blend (CS/PVA)) and (Fe2O3NPs/Blend (CS/PVA)/AgNPs) composite. These findings demonstrated the method's ability to synthesize nanocomposites with desirable physical, chemical and biological properties. Therefore, these findings demonstrate the new antibacterial and robust cytotoxicity features of the nanocomposite material, which has promising medical applications.","PeriodicalId":517619,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics","volume":"128 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141282094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The gas sensors were prepared using carbon quantum dots (CQDs) using an electrochemical method after mixing the CQDs with Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (III) (Alq3) polymer. A spin coating technique was used to deposit CQDs/Alq3 composite film on glass substrates with a ratio of 1:1. The CQDs/Alq3 gas sensor showed a sensitivity of about 24٪ at a temperature of 300 ℃, and this was calculated after measuring the change in the resistance of the samples with a response time of 2 and 8sec recovery time. The sensor showed a good response for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas. However, the sensitivity, response time, and recovery time for the CQDs gas sensor when exposed to NO2 gas at 300 °C were 78%, 4s, and 129s, respectively. The results showed that the best sensor CQDs/Alq3 led to a reduction in the recovery time, which shows the importance of the Alq3 polymer in improving the properties of the gas sensor.
{"title":"Fabrication of Carbon Quantum Dots/Alq3 Layer for NO2 Gas Sensor","authors":"Nooriyah Ahmed Abd, Omar Adnan Ibrahim","doi":"10.30723/ijp.v22i1.1214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v22i1.1214","url":null,"abstract":"The gas sensors were prepared using carbon quantum dots (CQDs) using an electrochemical method after mixing the CQDs with Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (III) (Alq3) polymer. A spin coating technique was used to deposit CQDs/Alq3 composite film on glass substrates with a ratio of 1:1. The CQDs/Alq3 gas sensor showed a sensitivity of about 24٪ at a temperature of 300 ℃, and this was calculated after measuring the change in the resistance of the samples with a response time of 2 and 8sec recovery time. The sensor showed a good response for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas. However, the sensitivity, response time, and recovery time for the CQDs gas sensor when exposed to NO2 gas at 300 °C were 78%, 4s, and 129s, respectively. The results showed that the best sensor CQDs/Alq3 led to a reduction in the recovery time, which shows the importance of the Alq3 polymer in improving the properties of the gas sensor.","PeriodicalId":517619,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics","volume":"44 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141275407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are beginning to use solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) as a potentially useful replacement for liquid electrolytes. However, incompatibility between the lithium metal anode and electrolyte, which results in low ionic conductivity and reduced cycling performance of LIBs, is one of the disadvantages of SPEs. Solution casting with glycerol as a plasticizer was used to create electrolyte films consisting of 80% Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and 20% poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC), undoped and doped with various salts, including lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) and lithium chloride (LiCl) and various metal oxides (CuO, WO3, and TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs). An investigation was conducted to examine their impact on optical properties. The prepared SPEs were characterized by UV-visible and Fourier transformer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the type of salt and doping greatly affected the energy gap. The energy showed a blue shift after the addition of lithium carbonate, while it showed a red shift after doping with metal oxides (WO3 and TiO2) NPs; the minimum energy gap was 1.6 eV obtained from SPE (PVC/PVDF/Li2CO3) doped with TiO2 NPs, while the energy gap showed red shift after adding LiCl. It changed non-regularly after doping with metal oxide NPs, reaching the lowest value of 1.8 eV for samples doped with WO3 NPs. All optical constants were determined, and a graph of their values vs. wavelength was created. The FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of metal oxide NPs.
{"title":"Effect of Metal Oxides Nanoparticles on the Optical Properties of Poly(vinyl chloride)/Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Blends Electrolytes Plasticized with Glycerol","authors":"Russul Alaa Hasson, Ahmad Abbas Hasan","doi":"10.30723/ijp.v22i2.1216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v22i2.1216","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are beginning to use solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) as a potentially useful replacement for liquid electrolytes. However, incompatibility between the lithium metal anode and electrolyte, which results in low ionic conductivity and reduced cycling performance of LIBs, is one of the disadvantages of SPEs. Solution casting with glycerol as a plasticizer was used to create electrolyte films consisting of 80% Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and 20% poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC), undoped and doped with various salts, including lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) and lithium chloride (LiCl) and various metal oxides (CuO, WO3, and TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs). An investigation was conducted to examine their impact on optical properties. The prepared SPEs were characterized by UV-visible and Fourier transformer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the type of salt and doping greatly affected the energy gap. The energy showed a blue shift after the addition of lithium carbonate, while it showed a red shift after doping with metal oxides (WO3 and TiO2) NPs; the minimum energy gap was 1.6 eV obtained from SPE (PVC/PVDF/Li2CO3) doped with TiO2 NPs, while the energy gap showed red shift after adding LiCl. It changed non-regularly after doping with metal oxide NPs, reaching the lowest value of 1.8 eV for samples doped with WO3 NPs. All optical constants were determined, and a graph of their values vs. wavelength was created. The FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of metal oxide NPs.","PeriodicalId":517619,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141281266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, Nd:YAG laser pulses with a wavelength of 1064 nm, a power of 500 mJ, a pulse width of 9 ns, and a repetition frequency of 6 Hz were used to hit a manganese oxide (MnO) target surface 300 times. Pure MnO and copper Cu-doped MnO (Cu:MnO) with different amounts of Cu (0.03, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.09 wt%) produced by PLD were studied. Cu:MnO thin films were annealed at 473 K, and their morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics were studied. The results of the atomic force microscopic (AFM) investigation of morphological properties showed that Cu dopant impacted the creation of roughness and particle size in MnO2 films. The optical transmission was examined using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The highest optical absorption was noted at 0.09 dopant content. The dielectric constants' real (εr) and imaginary (εi) components, as well as the extinction coefficient (k), refractive index (n), and other optical constants, were studied. At an annealing temperature of (473 K), Hall effect studies demonstrate that all produced films exhibit a P-type conductivity.
{"title":"Effect of Annealing Process on the Morphological, Optical and Electrical Properties of Cu:MnO Films Prepared by PLD Technique","authors":"Doaa T. Mohammed, G. Mohammed","doi":"10.30723/ijp.v22i2.1226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v22i2.1226","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, Nd:YAG laser pulses with a wavelength of 1064 nm, a power of 500 mJ, a pulse width of 9 ns, and a repetition frequency of 6 Hz were used to hit a manganese oxide (MnO) target surface 300 times. Pure MnO and copper Cu-doped MnO (Cu:MnO) with different amounts of Cu (0.03, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.09 wt%) produced by PLD were studied. Cu:MnO thin films were annealed at 473 K, and their morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics were studied. The results of the atomic force microscopic (AFM) investigation of morphological properties showed that Cu dopant impacted the creation of roughness and particle size in MnO2 films. The optical transmission was examined using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The highest optical absorption was noted at 0.09 dopant content. The dielectric constants' real (εr) and imaginary (εi) components, as well as the extinction coefficient (k), refractive index (n), and other optical constants, were studied. At an annealing temperature of (473 K), Hall effect studies demonstrate that all produced films exhibit a P-type conductivity.","PeriodicalId":517619,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics","volume":"136 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141281809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, colloidal gold:lead (Au:Pb) core/shell nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized in liquid at 532 nm using the laser ablation method. An investigation of the external magnetic field during the laser ablation process affected the properties of the Au:Pb NP core and shell. The magnetic field enhances the core shell’s crystallinity. The optical band gap energy increased from 2.067 to 2.086 eV in the presence of the magnetic field. It also led to an increase in the concentration and a decrease in the size of nanoparticles, which led to increased absorbance. A magnetic field strength of 250 mT resulted in a higher removal efficiency. The external magnetic field significantly reduced NP agglomeration and aggregation. We created and characterized an Au:Pb/porous silicon (PS) heterojunction photodetector. The magnetic field greatly enhanced its properties. The responsively (Rλ) of the photodetector increased from 0.093 to 0.551 A/W at λ = 650 nm by increasing the magnetic field. On the other hand, the final Au:Pb/PS material had the best photocurrent stability, demonstrating that adding Au:Pb NPs can make PS's opto-electrical properties more stable. In the end, the Au:Pb NPs/PS heterojunction photodetector results showed that the photodetector parameters got much better when a magnetic field was present. By altering the preparation conditions, we can produce high-performance core/shell photovoltaic devices.
{"title":"Two-Step Laser Ablation for the Synthesis of Au:Pb Core/Shell NPs for a High-Performance Silicon-Based Heterojunction Photodetector","authors":"Zeina A. Abdul Hameed, F. Mutlak","doi":"10.30723/ijp.v22i2.1204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v22i2.1204","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, colloidal gold:lead (Au:Pb) core/shell nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized in liquid at 532 nm using the laser ablation method. An investigation of the external magnetic field during the laser ablation process affected the properties of the Au:Pb NP core and shell. The magnetic field enhances the core shell’s crystallinity. The optical band gap energy increased from 2.067 to 2.086 eV in the presence of the magnetic field. It also led to an increase in the concentration and a decrease in the size of nanoparticles, which led to increased absorbance. A magnetic field strength of 250 mT resulted in a higher removal efficiency. The external magnetic field significantly reduced NP agglomeration and aggregation. We created and characterized an Au:Pb/porous silicon (PS) heterojunction photodetector. The magnetic field greatly enhanced its properties. The responsively (Rλ) of the photodetector increased from 0.093 to 0.551 A/W at λ = 650 nm by increasing the magnetic field. On the other hand, the final Au:Pb/PS material had the best photocurrent stability, demonstrating that adding Au:Pb NPs can make PS's opto-electrical properties more stable. In the end, the Au:Pb NPs/PS heterojunction photodetector results showed that the photodetector parameters got much better when a magnetic field was present. By altering the preparation conditions, we can produce high-performance core/shell photovoltaic devices.","PeriodicalId":517619,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics","volume":"51 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141279890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study focused on the thermodynamics characteristics such as (Gibbs free energy, heat capacity, entropy and enthalpy) and spectroscopic properties like (IR spectra, reduced masses, and force constant) of coronene (C24) and reduced coronene oxide (C24OX) where X =1–5 as a function of number of oxygen atoms and temperature from (298-398) oK. Density functional theory was used in the methodology with the basis sets 6-311G** and the hybrid functional B3LYP (Becke, 3-parameters, Lee-Yang-Parr), utilizing the Gaussian 09W program. Gaussian view 05 was used as a complementary program to calculate the geometrical structures. The Gibbs free energy and enthalpy decrease (negative sign) with increased oxygen atoms and temperature, indicating an exergonic reaction. The entropy and heat capacity increased with the number of oxygen atoms and temperature. The spectroscopic characteristics were compared with experimental results, particularly the longitudinal optical modes of vibration for graphene and graphene oxide (1585 - 1582) cm-1, which were in good agreement.
{"title":"Thermodynamic and Spectroscopic Properties Investigation of Coronene as a Function of the Number of Oxygen Atoms and Temperature via Density Functional Theory","authors":"Taif Talib Khalaf, Mohammed T. Hussein","doi":"10.30723/ijp.v22i2.1239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v22i2.1239","url":null,"abstract":"The study focused on the thermodynamics characteristics such as (Gibbs free energy, heat capacity, entropy and enthalpy) and spectroscopic properties like (IR spectra, reduced masses, and force constant) of coronene (C24) and reduced coronene oxide (C24OX) where X =1–5 as a function of number of oxygen atoms and temperature from (298-398) oK. Density functional theory was used in the methodology with the basis sets 6-311G** and the hybrid functional B3LYP (Becke, 3-parameters, Lee-Yang-Parr), utilizing the Gaussian 09W program. Gaussian view 05 was used as a complementary program to calculate the geometrical structures. The Gibbs free energy and enthalpy decrease (negative sign) with increased oxygen atoms and temperature, indicating an exergonic reaction. The entropy and heat capacity increased with the number of oxygen atoms and temperature. The spectroscopic characteristics were compared with experimental results, particularly the longitudinal optical modes of vibration for graphene and graphene oxide (1585 - 1582) cm-1, which were in good agreement.","PeriodicalId":517619,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141234935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Denture soft liners are specifically engineered to enhance patient performance by altering the surfaces of prosthetics that come into touch with the soft tissues within the oral cavity. Acrylic resin Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) based and silicone elastomer-based are the two main types of denture soft liners. Nanotechnology was employed as a means to enhance the mechanical qualities of dentures. The primary objective of this investigation was to examine the impact of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (NPs) on the water sorption and solubility characteristics of acrylic-based soft liners. The data was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The surface characteristics were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This in vitro study demonstrates that including CeO2 NPs at 2% and 3% concentrations does not impact acrylic-based soft lining materials' water sorption and solubility. The solubility of CeO2 is well-recognized to be very low. The results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences between the groups.
{"title":"Impact of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Incorporation on Water Sorption and Solubility of Acrylic-Based Denture Soft Lining Material","authors":"Mustafa Akeel Isam, Wasmaa SADİK MAHMOOD","doi":"10.30723/ijp.v22i2.1218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v22i2.1218","url":null,"abstract":"Denture soft liners are specifically engineered to enhance patient performance by altering the surfaces of prosthetics that come into touch with the soft tissues within the oral cavity. Acrylic resin Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) based and silicone elastomer-based are the two main types of denture soft liners. Nanotechnology was employed as a means to enhance the mechanical qualities of dentures. The primary objective of this investigation was to examine the impact of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (NPs) on the water sorption and solubility characteristics of acrylic-based soft liners. The data was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The surface characteristics were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This in vitro study demonstrates that including CeO2 NPs at 2% and 3% concentrations does not impact acrylic-based soft lining materials' water sorption and solubility. The solubility of CeO2 is well-recognized to be very low. The results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences between the groups.","PeriodicalId":517619,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics","volume":"57 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141278373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents a strategy to increase the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by doping titanium dioxide (TiO2) with different magnesium (Mn) concentrations (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9%) generated by the sol-gel process and effectively employed as a photo-anode (the working electrode) for DSSCs. The Doctor Blade method coated the indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) glass with a thin film layer. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to evaluate the characteristics of undoped and manganese-doped TiO2, and the results demonstrate that all of the thin films are anatase. The samples were examined using XRD to assess grain size before and after Mn doping. The spectrum of UV-Vis absorption changes; accordingly, as doping increases, the energy gap decreases. The smallest energy gap's value (2.4 eV) is 7% manganese doping. AFM pictures show the average roughness and root mean square of the weight percentage of films doped with 5%. Field effect scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) studies show that the particle size of thin films gets smaller as more Mn is added, which happens at least as much as 7% Mn doping. The optimal thickness for TiO2 paste over conductive glass is 15 μm, and the cell's power conversion efficiency increased to 0.604074% with an Imax of 4.965 mA, a Vmax of 0.488 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 68.45954%.
{"title":"Study of the Optical and Structural Properties of Metal-Doped Titanium Dioxide Electrode Prepared by the Sol-Gel Method for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells","authors":"Hadeel D. Hamadalla, Falah H. Ali","doi":"10.30723/ijp.v22i2.1167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v22i2.1167","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a strategy to increase the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by doping titanium dioxide (TiO2) with different magnesium (Mn) concentrations (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9%) generated by the sol-gel process and effectively employed as a photo-anode (the working electrode) for DSSCs. The Doctor Blade method coated the indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) glass with a thin film layer. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to evaluate the characteristics of undoped and manganese-doped TiO2, and the results demonstrate that all of the thin films are anatase. The samples were examined using XRD to assess grain size before and after Mn doping. The spectrum of UV-Vis absorption changes; accordingly, as doping increases, the energy gap decreases. The smallest energy gap's value (2.4 eV) is 7% manganese doping. AFM pictures show the average roughness and root mean square of the weight percentage of films doped with 5%. Field effect scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) studies show that the particle size of thin films gets smaller as more Mn is added, which happens at least as much as 7% Mn doping. The optimal thickness for TiO2 paste over conductive glass is 15 μm, and the cell's power conversion efficiency increased to 0.604074% with an Imax of 4.965 mA, a Vmax of 0.488 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 68.45954%.","PeriodicalId":517619,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics","volume":"125 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141282048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to investigate the structure and optical properties of Sn nanostructures. Thin tin (Sn) films were deposited on glass substrates using the pulsed laser deposition method. Nd:YAG laser with fundamental wavelengths of 532 nm and 1064 nm was used to create Sn nanostructures with varying energies of 400 mJ to 700 mJ and the same frequency of 6 Hz. The tin powder was compressed into a disc with a one-centimetre diameter to serve as a sample. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern showed a crystalline structure with several Sn nanostructures peaks at various energies (400–700 mJ). The results revealed a crystalline size of 65.90 nm and 86.55 nm at 700 mJ, while the size was 40.19 nm and 17.19 at 400 mJ for the given wavelengths (532nm and 1064 nm), respectively. The appearance of Sn nanostructures and the aggregation of, particularly in the form of cauliflower, were revealed in Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images. The results of the dispersive energy X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed that various amounts of tin, carbon, and oxygen were present. Additionally, the optical characteristics were investigated of each film using absorbance spectra, which covered a range of wavelengths from 190 to 1100 nm. As the laser power increased, the band gap energy values in the optical properties decreased, falling into the ranges of 3.06 to 1.65 eV and 3.22 to 1.82 eV at 1064nm and 532nm, respectively.
{"title":"Influence of Laser Energy on the Structural and Optical Properties of Sn Nanoparticles produced with Laser-Induced Plasma","authors":"Raghad T. Ahmed, Ala'Fadhil Ahmed","doi":"10.30723/7zpjwg65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/7zpjwg65","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the structure and optical properties of Sn nanostructures. Thin tin (Sn) films were deposited on glass substrates using the pulsed laser deposition method. Nd:YAG laser with fundamental wavelengths of 532 nm and 1064 nm was used to create Sn nanostructures with varying energies of 400 mJ to 700 mJ and the same frequency of 6 Hz. The tin powder was compressed into a disc with a one-centimetre diameter to serve as a sample. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern showed a crystalline structure with several Sn nanostructures peaks at various energies (400–700 mJ). The results revealed a crystalline size of 65.90 nm and 86.55 nm at 700 mJ, while the size was 40.19 nm and 17.19 at 400 mJ for the given wavelengths (532nm and 1064 nm), respectively. The appearance of Sn nanostructures and the aggregation of, particularly in the form of cauliflower, were revealed in Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images. The results of the dispersive energy X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed that various amounts of tin, carbon, and oxygen were present. Additionally, the optical characteristics were investigated of each film using absorbance spectra, which covered a range of wavelengths from 190 to 1100 nm. As the laser power increased, the band gap energy values in the optical properties decreased, falling into the ranges of 3.06 to 1.65 eV and 3.22 to 1.82 eV at 1064nm and 532nm, respectively.","PeriodicalId":517619,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics","volume":"19 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141233852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the influence of silver oxide (Ag2O) concentration on the optical characteristics of phosphate bioactive glasses (PBGs). PBGs have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional silicate glasses in the medical field due to their excellent bioactivity and chemical resistance. Samples with varying Ag2O concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75g) were sintered at 780°C for 2 hrs in an electric furnace. The samples were subjected to Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) tests to assess their functional groups and optical properties. By analyzing the FTIR spectrum of phosphate bioactive glass containing different amounts of Ag2O, it is possible to identify changes in the vibrational modes associated with Ag-O bonds and to gain insights into the structure and composition of the material. Because Ag-O bonds exhibit infrared vibrational modes, introducing Ag2O changed the FTIR spectrum. As Ag2O concentration increased, Ag-O vibrational modes strengthened, indicating more Ag-O bonds. UV-Vis spectroscopy, with increasing Ag2O concentration, the peak location shifted towards shorter wavelengths. Optical spectra show distinct UV absorption in the prepared glass spectrum, extending to near visible with increasing Ag2O content. The PL spectra peaks and band gap energies revealed that Ag2O altered the glass's electrical structure and optical activity. These discoveries help optimize metal-phosphate bi-active glass for biomedical implants and UV-blocking coatings. The melting-annealing technique prepared glasses based on the base host Na2O-CaF2-P2O5 system with increasing Ag2O as additives or loading (0.2 to 1 wt%).
{"title":"A Study the Addition of Silver Dioxide on Some Optical Properties of Phosphate Bioactive Glass","authors":"Ruqaya H. Hassan, D. Mahdi","doi":"10.30723/tfm9wa89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/tfm9wa89","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the influence of silver oxide (Ag2O) concentration on the optical characteristics of phosphate bioactive glasses (PBGs). PBGs have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional silicate glasses in the medical field due to their excellent bioactivity and chemical resistance. Samples with varying Ag2O concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75g) were sintered at 780°C for 2 hrs in an electric furnace. The samples were subjected to Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) tests to assess their functional groups and optical properties. By analyzing the FTIR spectrum of phosphate bioactive glass containing different amounts of Ag2O, it is possible to identify changes in the vibrational modes associated with Ag-O bonds and to gain insights into the structure and composition of the material. Because Ag-O bonds exhibit infrared vibrational modes, introducing Ag2O changed the FTIR spectrum. As Ag2O concentration increased, Ag-O vibrational modes strengthened, indicating more Ag-O bonds. UV-Vis spectroscopy, with increasing Ag2O concentration, the peak location shifted towards shorter wavelengths. Optical spectra show distinct UV absorption in the prepared glass spectrum, extending to near visible with increasing Ag2O content. The PL spectra peaks and band gap energies revealed that Ag2O altered the glass's electrical structure and optical activity. These discoveries help optimize metal-phosphate bi-active glass for biomedical implants and UV-blocking coatings. The melting-annealing technique prepared glasses based on the base host Na2O-CaF2-P2O5 system with increasing Ag2O as additives or loading (0.2 to 1 wt%). ","PeriodicalId":517619,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics","volume":"3 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141229162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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