In the current study, a novel conductive polymer poly 6-((4 acetylphenyl) carbamoyl) cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylic acid (PACC) was created by polymerized 6-((4 acetylphenyl) carbamoyl) cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) monomer using the electropolymerization process. The resulting polymer was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The ability of this polymer to protect the alloy from corrosion was studied at temperatures ranging between 298 and 328 K. The ability of these coatings to stop corrosion on the surface was assessed by measuring the corrosion potential (Ecorr) and the corrosion current (icorr) using a potentiostat. Adding nanoscale metal oxides (zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) and magnesium oxides (MgO)) enhanced the efficiency of this polymeric coating. The protection efficiency of the polymer alone was 77.5%; this efficiency increased to 85.0% and 99.7% in the presence of nano ZrO2 and MgO, respectively. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters (Ea, H, and S) were calculated for uncoated and coated LCS. An atomic force microscope (AFM) studied the coating surface morphology. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to evaluate the coating resistance.
{"title":"Corrosion Protection Performance of PACC and PACC-Metal Oxides Nanocomposites Electropolymerized Coating of Low Carbon Steel","authors":"Zainab A. Hussain, K. Saleh","doi":"10.30723/ijp.v22i2.1213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v22i2.1213","url":null,"abstract":"In the current study, a novel conductive polymer poly 6-((4 acetylphenyl) carbamoyl) cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylic acid (PACC) was created by polymerized 6-((4 acetylphenyl) carbamoyl) cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) monomer using the electropolymerization process. The resulting polymer was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The ability of this polymer to protect the alloy from corrosion was studied at temperatures ranging between 298 and 328 K. The ability of these coatings to stop corrosion on the surface was assessed by measuring the corrosion potential (Ecorr) and the corrosion current (icorr) using a potentiostat. Adding nanoscale metal oxides (zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) and magnesium oxides (MgO)) enhanced the efficiency of this polymeric coating. The protection efficiency of the polymer alone was 77.5%; this efficiency increased to 85.0% and 99.7% in the presence of nano ZrO2 and MgO, respectively. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters (Ea, H, and S) were calculated for uncoated and coated LCS. An atomic force microscope (AFM) studied the coating surface morphology. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to evaluate the coating resistance.","PeriodicalId":517619,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics","volume":"4 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141276502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present work, optical emission spectroscopy was used to diagnose the influence of A.C. power source frequency on the hollow magnetron sputtering discharge parameters (such as discharge emission, discharge current and voltage, glow discharge structure, temperature (Te) and electron number density (ne), Debye length (λD), and plasma parameter (ND) of constant pressure. The electron temperature and number density were determined using the Boltzmann plots and the Stark broadening methods, respectively. The results illustrate that the normal glow discharge structure is similar to the D.C. discharge mode. The magnetic field has no impact on the fundamental discharge parameter in both A.C. frequencies under study. On the other hand, the other discharge parameters (Te, ne, λD and ND) increase with increasing the magnetic field in both discharge frequencies. In addition, the increase in the frequency of the A.C. source current led to an increase in the discharge intensity emission and the other discharge parameters being studied. In this case, in frequency 7 kHz, Te surged from 0.685 eV to 0.839 eV, and ne experienced an increase from 3.088 x 1018 m-3 to 4.902 x 1018 m-3. At a frequency of 9 kHz, the electron temperature surged from 0.711eV to 0.911 eV. ne experienced an increase from 3.615 x 1018 m-3 to 6.749 x 1018 m-3.
本研究利用光发射光谱诊断了交流电源频率对空心磁控溅射放电参数（如放电发射、放电电流和电压、辉光放电结构、温度（Te）和电子数密度（ne）、德拜长度（λD）以及恒压等离子体参数（ND））的影响。电子温度和电子数密度分别用玻尔兹曼图和斯塔克展宽法测定。结果表明，正常辉光放电结构与直流放电模式相似。磁场对所研究的两种 A.C. 频率的基本放电参数没有影响。另一方面，在两种放电频率下，其他放电参数（Te、ne、λD 和 ND）随着磁场的增加而增加。此外，交流源电流频率的增加也会导致放电强度发射和其他放电参数的增加。在这种情况下，频率为 7 kHz 时，Te 从 0.685 eV 猛增到 0.839 eV，ne 从 3.088 x 1018 m-3 增加到 4.902 x 1018 m-3。频率为 9 kHz 时，电子温度从 0.711eV 上升到 0.911 eV，氖从 3.615 x 1018 m-3 上升到 6.749 x 1018 m-3。
{"title":"Influence of A.C. Frequency on Hollow Magnetron Sputtering Discharge Parameters","authors":"Zahraa Mohammed Hasan, Q. A. Abbas","doi":"10.30723/ijp.v22i1.1191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v22i1.1191","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, optical emission spectroscopy was used to diagnose the influence of A.C. power source frequency on the hollow magnetron sputtering discharge parameters (such as discharge emission, discharge current and voltage, glow discharge structure, temperature (Te) and electron number density (ne), Debye length (λD), and plasma parameter (ND) of constant pressure. The electron temperature and number density were determined using the Boltzmann plots and the Stark broadening methods, respectively. The results illustrate that the normal glow discharge structure is similar to the D.C. discharge mode. The magnetic field has no impact on the fundamental discharge parameter in both A.C. frequencies under study. On the other hand, the other discharge parameters (Te, ne, λD and ND) increase with increasing the magnetic field in both discharge frequencies. In addition, the increase in the frequency of the A.C. source current led to an increase in the discharge intensity emission and the other discharge parameters being studied. In this case, in frequency 7 kHz, Te surged from 0.685 eV to 0.839 eV, and ne experienced an increase from 3.088 x 1018 m-3 to 4.902 x 1018 m-3. At a frequency of 9 kHz, the electron temperature surged from 0.711eV to 0.911 eV. ne experienced an increase from 3.615 x 1018 m-3 to 6.749 x 1018 m-3.","PeriodicalId":517619,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics","volume":"58 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140405960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a cold plasma system utilizing a high voltage of 13.5 kV of alternative (AC) and direct current (DC) was used under atmospheric pressure with argon (Ar)-gas at a flow rate of 2.5 l/min and a flowing time of 4 min to synthesize aluminum oxide (AlO) nanoparticles (NP). From the results, when DC was used, it was found that the absorption spectrum starts at 303 nm and gradually falls to 870 nm. With AC, the absorption spectrum was at 330 nm and then began to fall to 902 nm. The energy gap when utilizing DC and AC was 3.49 and 3.44 eV respectively. The analysis of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed the structure of the NPs was amorphous, matching the pattern 42-1746. At DC, the average size of NPs formed, as deduced from the XRD pattern, was 29.56 nm, and it was very close to what appeared in the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images, in which the apparent NP size ranged between 20 and 50 nm. The XRD test gave an average NP size of 38.21 nm in AC, while the FESEM images showed a size range of 20 - 60 nm. At dc, the AlO NPs were aggregated and interconnected, and each set was connected to another set, as shown in the FESEM images. At AC, the shape of the synthesized AlO NPs was quasi-spherical, with slightly elongated particles connected.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by Two Different Cold Plasma Jet Methods","authors":"Abdulrhman H. Shaker, K. Aadim","doi":"10.30723/ijp.v22i1.1174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v22i1.1174","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a cold plasma system utilizing a high voltage of 13.5 kV of alternative (AC) and direct current (DC) was used under atmospheric pressure with argon (Ar)-gas at a flow rate of 2.5 l/min and a flowing time of 4 min to synthesize aluminum oxide (AlO) nanoparticles (NP). From the results, when DC was used, it was found that the absorption spectrum starts at 303 nm and gradually falls to 870 nm. With AC, the absorption spectrum was at 330 nm and then began to fall to 902 nm. The energy gap when utilizing DC and AC was 3.49 and 3.44 eV respectively. The analysis of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed the structure of the NPs was amorphous, matching the pattern 42-1746. At DC, the average size of NPs formed, as deduced from the XRD pattern, was 29.56 nm, and it was very close to what appeared in the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images, in which the apparent NP size ranged between 20 and 50 nm. The XRD test gave an average NP size of 38.21 nm in AC, while the FESEM images showed a size range of 20 - 60 nm. At dc, the AlO NPs were aggregated and interconnected, and each set was connected to another set, as shown in the FESEM images. At AC, the shape of the synthesized AlO NPs was quasi-spherical, with slightly elongated particles connected.","PeriodicalId":517619,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140404077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to investigate the aluminum (Al) arc plasma parameters generated through the explosive strip technique. The research involves the measurement of key plasma characteristics such as plasma frequency (fp), Debye length, and Debye number. The electron temperature (Te) and electron density (ne) of the plasma were calculated utilizing the Boltzmann plot and Stark expansion method. Analysis of the optical emission spectrum revealed distinctive peaks corresponding to oxygen, Al, and zinc oxide (ZnO) within the plasma. The outcomes of the study demonstrated a noteworthy correlation between the applied current and the electron temperature and density. Specifically, as the current increases, both electron temperature and density increase. The electron temperature of the Al plasma increased from the range of 0.852 eV to 0.92404 eV, accompanied by a corresponding elevation in electron density from 13.1× 1017 cm-3 to 15.2× 1017 cm-3. Furthermore, the detonation of the Al strip within a ZnO suspension led to even more pronounced changes. In this case, the electron temperature surged from 0.92885 eV to 1.1012 eV, and the electron density experienced an increase from 37.7 × 1017 cm-3 to 44.7 × 1017 cm-3.
{"title":"Spectral Analysis of Al Arc Discharge Plasma Generated in ZnO/DDDW Colloid","authors":"Mena L. Badran, S. J. Kadhem","doi":"10.30723/ijp.v22i1.1194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v22i1.1194","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the aluminum (Al) arc plasma parameters generated through the explosive strip technique. The research involves the measurement of key plasma characteristics such as plasma frequency (fp), Debye length, and Debye number. The electron temperature (Te) and electron density (ne) of the plasma were calculated utilizing the Boltzmann plot and Stark expansion method. Analysis of the optical emission spectrum revealed distinctive peaks corresponding to oxygen, Al, and zinc oxide (ZnO) within the plasma. The outcomes of the study demonstrated a noteworthy correlation between the applied current and the electron temperature and density. Specifically, as the current increases, both electron temperature and density increase. The electron temperature of the Al plasma increased from the range of 0.852 eV to 0.92404 eV, accompanied by a corresponding elevation in electron density from 13.1× 1017 cm-3 to 15.2× 1017 cm-3. Furthermore, the detonation of the Al strip within a ZnO suspension led to even more pronounced changes. In this case, the electron temperature surged from 0.92885 eV to 1.1012 eV, and the electron density experienced an increase from 37.7 × 1017 cm-3 to 44.7 × 1017 cm-3.","PeriodicalId":517619,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics","volume":"43 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140398383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adaptive optics revolutionizes telescopic resolution but faces cost, complexity, and calibration hurdles. Neural network adaptive optics (NNAO) offers promise by using neural networks to tailor corrections to telescopes and atmospheric conditions, by passing calibration and sensors. This MATLAB-based study examines NNAO's impact on astronomical image quality, revealing it as a cost-efficient solution that enhances adaptive optics in astronomy. The numerical simulation results were encouraging, with a compensation rate exceeding 50% due to favorable monitoring conditions. The results indicate that the dominant factor affecting image quality is the variance of wavefront aberrations. The Strehl ratio (SR) decreases from an average of 0.548 for a variance of 0.2 to 0.020 for a variance of 0.6, while the mean squared error (MSE) increases from an average of 0.613 to 5.414. However, the effect on peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is inconclusive. Furthermore, it was found that increasing the number of neurons and training ratio does not significantly impact the results obtained, but it noticeably affects the computational time required.
{"title":"Numerical Simulation of Neural Network Based on Adaptive Optics for Correcting Phase Distortion in Astronomical Observations","authors":"Raaid Nawfee Hassan","doi":"10.30723/ijp.v22i1.1203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v22i1.1203","url":null,"abstract":"Adaptive optics revolutionizes telescopic resolution but faces cost, complexity, and calibration hurdles. Neural network adaptive optics (NNAO) offers promise by using neural networks to tailor corrections to telescopes and atmospheric conditions, by passing calibration and sensors. This MATLAB-based study examines NNAO's impact on astronomical image quality, revealing it as a cost-efficient solution that enhances adaptive optics in astronomy. The numerical simulation results were encouraging, with a compensation rate exceeding 50% due to favorable monitoring conditions. The results indicate that the dominant factor affecting image quality is the variance of wavefront aberrations. The Strehl ratio (SR) decreases from an average of 0.548 for a variance of 0.2 to 0.020 for a variance of 0.6, while the mean squared error (MSE) increases from an average of 0.613 to 5.414. However, the effect on peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is inconclusive. Furthermore, it was found that increasing the number of neurons and training ratio does not significantly impact the results obtained, but it noticeably affects the computational time required.","PeriodicalId":517619,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics","volume":"42 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140286646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The growing need for unique optical properties in the manufacturing of electronic devices has led the world to the field of hybrid materials and their composites. In this study, a simple physical technique was used to successfully manufacture hybrid nanocomposites containing nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) from tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) and graphene oxide (GO) powder using the hydrothermal method. For two hydrothermal treatment times (12h and 24h), various samples were created: TiO2, rGO, and TiO2/rGO nanocomposites thin films. Fourier transformer infrared (FTIR) spectra of the samples gave clear evidence for the reduction of GO and the engagement of Ti with reduced graphene by the formation of a Ti-O-C bond. The measurement of the energy band gap obtained by the photoluminescence spectrometer shows a decrease in the energy band gap for all samples after the hydrothermal reaction time increases, for the composite, the band gap decreases to 2.65 eV and 2.64 eV.
随着制造电子设备对独特光学特性的需求日益增长，世界进入了混合材料及其复合材料领域。本研究采用一种简单的物理技术，利用水热法从钛酸四丁酯（TBT）和氧化石墨烯（GO）粉末中成功制备出含有二氧化钛（TiO2）纳米颗粒和还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）的混合纳米复合材料。在两种水热处理时间（12 小时和 24 小时）内，制备出了不同的样品：TiO2、rGO 和 TiO2/rGO 纳米复合薄膜。样品的傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）清楚地证明了 GO 的还原以及 Ti 与还原石墨烯通过形成 Ti-O-C 键的结合。光致发光光谱仪对能带间隙的测量表明，水热反应时间延长后，所有样品的能带间隙都有所减小，复合材料的能带间隙分别减小到 2.65 eV 和 2.64 eV。
{"title":"Optical Investigation of Reduced Graphene Oxide / Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposite Thin Films Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method","authors":"Linda I. Mohi, A. F. Abdulameer","doi":"10.30723/ijp.v22i1.1197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v22i1.1197","url":null,"abstract":"The growing need for unique optical properties in the manufacturing of electronic devices has led the world to the field of hybrid materials and their composites. In this study, a simple physical technique was used to successfully manufacture hybrid nanocomposites containing nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) from tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) and graphene oxide (GO) powder using the hydrothermal method. For two hydrothermal treatment times (12h and 24h), various samples were created: TiO2, rGO, and TiO2/rGO nanocomposites thin films. Fourier transformer infrared (FTIR) spectra of the samples gave clear evidence for the reduction of GO and the engagement of Ti with reduced graphene by the formation of a Ti-O-C bond. The measurement of the energy band gap obtained by the photoluminescence spectrometer shows a decrease in the energy band gap for all samples after the hydrothermal reaction time increases, for the composite, the band gap decreases to 2.65 eV and 2.64 eV.","PeriodicalId":517619,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics","volume":"158 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140404716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanocomposite membranes made of chitosan (Cs) concentrations, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with a fixed ratio of (60:40), then incorporated with different concentrations of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3%) were created using the solution cast method. The membranes were identified using UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results demonstrated that the samples were sufficiently stable, and the interactions between nanoparticles and polymers were generally negligible. XRD patterns showed a crystalline phase of PVA, an amorphous phase of chitosan, and a more crystalline phase as MWCNTs were introduced. In particular, at high percentages of MWCNTs, the dominant phase (002), connected to MWCNTs, was shifted to a higher value. The UV-vis spectroscopy of the sample showed only one absorption peak at about 230 nm and no other peaks. This may be due to transparency in PVA and Cs. The band gap energy decreased when higher percentages of MWCNTs were added to the mixture.
{"title":"Influence of Incorporating MWCNTs on Some Physical Characteristics of Blend Nanocomposites","authors":"Lubna Abdul-Aziz Jassim, M. Jawad","doi":"10.30723/ijp.v22i1.1208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v22i1.1208","url":null,"abstract":"Nanocomposite membranes made of chitosan (Cs) concentrations, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with a fixed ratio of (60:40), then incorporated with different concentrations of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3%) were created using the solution cast method. The membranes were identified using UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results demonstrated that the samples were sufficiently stable, and the interactions between nanoparticles and polymers were generally negligible. XRD patterns showed a crystalline phase of PVA, an amorphous phase of chitosan, and a more crystalline phase as MWCNTs were introduced. In particular, at high percentages of MWCNTs, the dominant phase (002), connected to MWCNTs, was shifted to a higher value. The UV-vis spectroscopy of the sample showed only one absorption peak at about 230 nm and no other peaks. This may be due to transparency in PVA and Cs. The band gap energy decreased when higher percentages of MWCNTs were added to the mixture.","PeriodicalId":517619,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics","volume":"62 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140405924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, spin coating was used to prepare thin films of poly (2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1, 4-phenylene vinylene) and silver (MEH-PPV/Ag) in this study. The physical characteristics of MEH-PPV/Ag thin films with various weight ratios (0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.04%) were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and thermal testing. FTIR analysis showed that there were occurrences of the polymer's predicted chemical bonds. AFM tests show that when different amounts of silver are added to a polymer matrix, the film's surface roughness (root mean square) goes up from an average of 83.51 to 511.3 nm. FE-SEM analysis showed that a pure sample of the polymer formed evenly. However, when different amounts of Ag were added, clear balls or circles formed, showing the energy of mixing between the MEH-PPV and Ag. As silver addition transformed the polymer from amorphous to polycrystalline, XRD analysis revealed both phases. In tests comparing pure MEH-PPV to MEH-PPV/Ag, the polymer containing silver showed higher thermal conductivity.
{"title":"Structural and Morphological Characterization of MEH-PPV/Ag Composite","authors":"Suha Ahmad Jawad, Mustafa Mohammed Ali Hussein","doi":"10.30723/ijp.v22i1.1131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v22i1.1131","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, spin coating was used to prepare thin films of poly (2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1, 4-phenylene vinylene) and silver (MEH-PPV/Ag) in this study. The physical characteristics of MEH-PPV/Ag thin films with various weight ratios (0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.04%) were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and thermal testing. FTIR analysis showed that there were occurrences of the polymer's predicted chemical bonds. AFM tests show that when different amounts of silver are added to a polymer matrix, the film's surface roughness (root mean square) goes up from an average of 83.51 to 511.3 nm. FE-SEM analysis showed that a pure sample of the polymer formed evenly. However, when different amounts of Ag were added, clear balls or circles formed, showing the energy of mixing between the MEH-PPV and Ag. As silver addition transformed the polymer from amorphous to polycrystalline, XRD analysis revealed both phases. In tests comparing pure MEH-PPV to MEH-PPV/Ag, the polymer containing silver showed higher thermal conductivity.","PeriodicalId":517619,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics","volume":"253 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140286462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates polyacrylonitrile:hydroxypropyl methylcellulose )PAN:HPMC( and PAN:HPMC: graphene (Gr) composite nanofibers prepared using the electrospinning technique. Electrospinning is a simple and versatile technique that relies on the electrostatic repulsion between surface charges to continuously draw nanofibers from a viscoelastic fluid. Membrane technology is vital in removing contaminants due to its easy handling and high efficiency. The results demonstrated that the Gr was successfully incorporated into the PAN:HPMC nanofiber membranes, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The Gr content has a significant impact on the diameter, porosity, and pore size. The PAN:HPMC:0.02Gr electrospun nanofiber membranes achieved excellent oil rejection (72.47%) and good permeability flux (750 LMH); this might be a result of how well the functional groups of the equally distributed Gr within the PAN:HPMC nanofibers interacted with oil. It was noticed that oil rejection dropped a lot as the Gr content went up. This is likely because the pores got wider and some of the Gr stacked or agglomerated across the nanofibers.
本研究探讨了利用电纺丝技术制备的聚丙烯腈：羟丙基甲基纤维素（PAN:HPMC）和聚丙烯腈：羟丙基甲基纤维素：石墨烯（Gr）复合纳米纤维。电纺丝是一种简单而多用途的技术，它依靠表面电荷之间的静电斥力从粘弹性流体中不断牵引纳米纤维。膜技术因其操作简便、效率高而在清除污染物方面发挥着重要作用。扫描电子显微镜、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和 X 射线衍射（XRD）测量结果表明，PAN：HPMC 纳米纤维膜中成功加入了 Gr。Gr 含量对直径、孔隙率和孔径有显著影响。PAN:HPMC:0.02Gr 电纺纳米纤维膜实现了出色的油排斥（72.47%）和良好的渗透通量（750 LMH）；这可能是 PAN:HPMC 纳米纤维中平均分布的 Gr 的官能团与油相互作用的结果。我们注意到，随着 Gr 含量的增加，排油量也大幅下降。这可能是因为孔隙变宽，一些锗在纳米纤维上堆积或聚集。
{"title":"Water Treatment Performance of PAN/HPMC/Gr Nano Composites","authors":"Masar A. Akaood, Iftikhar M. Ali, Basma I. Waisi","doi":"10.30723/ijp.v22i1.1175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v22i1.1175","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates polyacrylonitrile:hydroxypropyl methylcellulose )PAN:HPMC( and PAN:HPMC: graphene (Gr) composite nanofibers prepared using the electrospinning technique. Electrospinning is a simple and versatile technique that relies on the electrostatic repulsion between surface charges to continuously draw nanofibers from a viscoelastic fluid. Membrane technology is vital in removing contaminants due to its easy handling and high efficiency. The results demonstrated that the Gr was successfully incorporated into the PAN:HPMC nanofiber membranes, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The Gr content has a significant impact on the diameter, porosity, and pore size. The PAN:HPMC:0.02Gr electrospun nanofiber membranes achieved excellent oil rejection (72.47%) and good permeability flux (750 LMH); this might be a result of how well the functional groups of the equally distributed Gr within the PAN:HPMC nanofibers interacted with oil. It was noticed that oil rejection dropped a lot as the Gr content went up. This is likely because the pores got wider and some of the Gr stacked or agglomerated across the nanofibers. ","PeriodicalId":517619,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics","volume":"43 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140403521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, using the spin coating method to create polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/polyethylene oxide (PEO) thin films, the effects of nano-tungsten oxide (WO2) doping were investigated. The novelty of this research lies in its investigation of varying weight concentrations of WO2 nanoparticles (NPs) within the composite films. Comprehensive characterization techniques were employed, including structural analysis via X-ray diffraction (XRD), which revealed a clear and prominent peak in the XRD of the PVDF/PEO films, and the films' polycrystalline nature with tetragonal structures. The grain size was noted to increase with higher WO2 NPs doping. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) showed hexagonal-like α-phase PVDF crystals and uniform distribution of WO2 NPs. Furthermore, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the characteristics of PVDF/PEO and identified specific doping compounds, confirming successful incorporation. The optical transmittance spectra unveiled the films' optical band gap energy, optical transition types, and absorption characteristics, where novelty emerged as the band gap energy significantly increased from 3.0 eV to 3.64 eV with an increased WO2 NPs weight doping percentage, signifying profound electronic structure modifications and potential applications in optoelectronics and sensors.
{"title":"Preparation and Study the Properties of PVDF/PEO/WO2 Hybrid Nanocomposite Thin Films Prepared by a Spin Coating Method","authors":"Aseel N. Bardan, Lamia K. Abbas","doi":"10.30723/ijp.v22i1.1212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v22i1.1212","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, using the spin coating method to create polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/polyethylene oxide (PEO) thin films, the effects of nano-tungsten oxide (WO2) doping were investigated. The novelty of this research lies in its investigation of varying weight concentrations of WO2 nanoparticles (NPs) within the composite films. Comprehensive characterization techniques were employed, including structural analysis via X-ray diffraction (XRD), which revealed a clear and prominent peak in the XRD of the PVDF/PEO films, and the films' polycrystalline nature with tetragonal structures. The grain size was noted to increase with higher WO2 NPs doping. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) showed hexagonal-like α-phase PVDF crystals and uniform distribution of WO2 NPs. Furthermore, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the characteristics of PVDF/PEO and identified specific doping compounds, confirming successful incorporation. The optical transmittance spectra unveiled the films' optical band gap energy, optical transition types, and absorption characteristics, where novelty emerged as the band gap energy significantly increased from 3.0 eV to 3.64 eV with an increased WO2 NPs weight doping percentage, signifying profound electronic structure modifications and potential applications in optoelectronics and sensors.","PeriodicalId":517619,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics","volume":"121 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140407015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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