Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0194
Nitin T. Sawalkar, Sagar W. Jadhav, Alpita A. Pawar
Raw water, sourced directly from natural water bodies, is unsuitable for direct consumption due to the presence of various impurities. Therefore, it undergoes treatment at a Water Treatment Plant (WTP) before being supplied to the public. Preliminary treatment involves the removal of floating matter, through screening, while heavier particles settle out by gravity, fine particles remain in suspension, causing turbidity. Effective removal of these suspended particles requires coagulation to form flocs and facilitate the settling. Determining the optimal coagulant dosage is crucial, as both underdoing and overdosing of coagulant can lead to ineffective treatment and increased costs. Conventionally optimum dosage of coagulant is determined by performing jar test. This study focuses on predicting the optimum coagulant dosage using two soft computing techniques: Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Random Forest (RF). The Input parameters for model development include turbidity, pH, temperature, and alkalinity of raw water from the Parvati Water Treatment Plant, Pune. In this study Four models were developed, namely Model A (Turbidity), Model B (pH, Alkalinity, Temperature, Turbidity), Model C (pH, Alkalinity, Temperature), and Model D (Alkalinity and Turbidity). These models were trained using ANN and RF. Predictions of optimum coagulant doses were made for the testing dataset, and model accuracy was evaluated using Scatter plots, Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Coefficient of Correlation (R). Results indicate that RMSE values of ANN Models are comparatively lower than RF. Comparing among Models A, B, C, and D, Model B and Model D exhibit better performance, with lower RMSE values.
原水直接取自天然水体，由于含有各种杂质，不适合直接饮用。因此，在向公众供水之前，需要在水处理厂（WTP）进行处理。初步处理包括通过筛选去除漂浮物，较重的颗粒会在重力作用下沉降，而细小的颗粒则会悬浮在水中，造成浑浊。要有效去除这些悬浮颗粒，就需要进行混凝处理，以形成絮凝体，促进沉降。确定最佳的混凝剂用量至关重要，因为混凝剂用量不足或过量都会导致处理效果不佳和成本增加。通常情况下，混凝剂的最佳用量是通过进行罐子试验来确定的。本研究的重点是使用两种软计算技术预测混凝剂的最佳用量：人工神经网络（ANN）和随机森林（RF）。模型开发的输入参数包括浦那 Parvati 水处理厂原水的浊度、pH 值、温度和碱度。本研究开发了四个模型，即模型 A（浊度）、模型 B（pH 值、碱度、温度、浊度）、模型 C（pH 值、碱度、温度）和模型 D（碱度和浊度）。这些模型均使用 ANN 和 RF 进行了训练。对测试数据集的最佳混凝剂剂量进行了预测，并使用散点图、均方根误差（RMSE）和相关系数（R）对模型的准确性进行了评估。结果表明，ANN 模型的 RMSE 值相对低于 RF。与模型 A、B、C 和 D 相比，模型 B 和模型 D 的性能更好，RMSE 值更低。
{"title":"Prediction of Optimum Dosage of Coagulant in Water Treatment Plant: A Comparative Study between Artificial Neural Network and Random Forest","authors":"Nitin T. Sawalkar, Sagar W. Jadhav, Alpita A. Pawar","doi":"10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0194","url":null,"abstract":"Raw water, sourced directly from natural water bodies, is unsuitable for direct consumption due to the presence of various impurities. Therefore, it undergoes treatment at a Water Treatment Plant (WTP) before being supplied to the public. Preliminary treatment involves the removal of floating matter, through screening, while heavier particles settle out by gravity, fine particles remain in suspension, causing turbidity. Effective removal of these suspended particles requires coagulation to form flocs and facilitate the settling. Determining the optimal coagulant dosage is crucial, as both underdoing and overdosing of coagulant can lead to ineffective treatment and increased costs. Conventionally optimum dosage of coagulant is determined by performing jar test. This study focuses on predicting the optimum coagulant dosage using two soft computing techniques: Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Random Forest (RF). The Input parameters for model development include turbidity, pH, temperature, and alkalinity of raw water from the Parvati Water Treatment Plant, Pune. In this study Four models were developed, namely Model A (Turbidity), Model B (pH, Alkalinity, Temperature, Turbidity), Model C (pH, Alkalinity, Temperature), and Model D (Alkalinity and Turbidity). These models were trained using ANN and RF. Predictions of optimum coagulant doses were made for the testing dataset, and model accuracy was evaluated using Scatter plots, Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Coefficient of Correlation (R). Results indicate that RMSE values of ANN Models are comparatively lower than RF. Comparing among Models A, B, C, and D, Model B and Model D exhibit better performance, with lower RMSE values.","PeriodicalId":517766,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH)","volume":"28 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141104053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0187
Praveen Mathur, Archana Bohra Gupta
This case study focuses on the groundwater level tanks (GLR) located in Netra Village, 35 km from Jodhpur, on Nagour Road. The investigation revealed that people and livestock in the area were grappling with water scarcity issues. Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods were employed to assess the residual strength of three tanks in the region. The results showed that Tank-1 had a residual strength of 35.41%, Tank-2 had 63.08%, and Tank-3 had 53.8%. Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) poses a significant threat to the structural integrity of concrete tanks, necessitating accurate and non-destructive methods for residual strength assessment. This research paper delves into the effectiveness of NDT methods, specifically rebound hammer and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV), in evaluating the residual strength of ASR-affected tanks. Through an extensive review of literature, case studies, and experimental data, this study aims to shed light on the practical application of rebound hammer and UPV for ASR assessment in tank structures. The paper discusses the principles, advantages, and limitations of each NDT method, emphasizing their ability to detect ASR-induced damage and predict the remaining structural capacity of tanks. Moreover, the research addresses the challenges associated with implementing rebound hammer and UPV techniques in ASR-affected environments, offering recommendations for enhancing their reliability and accuracy. By harnessing the combined capabilities of rebound hammer and UPV, engineers and asset managers can make well-informed decisions regarding the maintenance, repair, and retrofitting of ASR-affected tanks, ensuring their long-term safety and functionality in critical infrastructure applications.
本案例研究的重点是位于内特拉村的地下水位蓄水池（GLR），该村距离焦特布尔 35 公里，位于纳古尔路（Nagour Road）上。调查显示，该地区的居民和牲畜都面临着缺水问题。采用无损检测（NDT）方法评估了该地区三个水箱的剩余强度。结果显示，1 号水箱的残余强度为 35.41%，2 号水箱的残余强度为 63.08%，3 号水箱的残余强度为 53.8%。碱硅反应（ASR）对混凝土储罐的结构完整性构成重大威胁，因此有必要采用准确、无损的方法来评估残余强度。本研究论文深入探讨了无损检测方法，特别是回弹仪和超声波脉冲速度 (UPV) 在评估受 ASR 影响的储罐残余强度方面的有效性。通过广泛查阅文献、案例研究和实验数据，本研究旨在阐明回弹仪和 UPV 在储罐结构 ASR 评估中的实际应用。论文讨论了每种无损检测方法的原理、优势和局限性，强调了它们检测 ASR 引起的损坏和预测储罐剩余结构容量的能力。此外，研究还探讨了在受 ASR 影响的环境中实施回弹仪和 UPV 技术所面临的挑战，并就如何提高其可靠性和准确性提出了建议。通过利用回弹仪和 UPV 的综合能力，工程师和资产管理人员可以就受 ASR 影响的储罐的维护、修理和改造做出明智的决策，确保其在关键基础设施应用中的长期安全性和功能性。
{"title":"Evaluating Residual Strength of RCC Tanks Affected by ASR Using NDT Methods","authors":"Praveen Mathur, Archana Bohra Gupta","doi":"10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0187","url":null,"abstract":"This case study focuses on the groundwater level tanks (GLR) located in Netra Village, 35 km from Jodhpur, on Nagour Road. The investigation revealed that people and livestock in the area were grappling with water scarcity issues. Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods were employed to assess the residual strength of three tanks in the region. The results showed that Tank-1 had a residual strength of 35.41%, Tank-2 had 63.08%, and Tank-3 had 53.8%. Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) poses a significant threat to the structural integrity of concrete tanks, necessitating accurate and non-destructive methods for residual strength assessment. This research paper delves into the effectiveness of NDT methods, specifically rebound hammer and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV), in evaluating the residual strength of ASR-affected tanks. Through an extensive review of literature, case studies, and experimental data, this study aims to shed light on the practical application of rebound hammer and UPV for ASR assessment in tank structures. The paper discusses the principles, advantages, and limitations of each NDT method, emphasizing their ability to detect ASR-induced damage and predict the remaining structural capacity of tanks. Moreover, the research addresses the challenges associated with implementing rebound hammer and UPV techniques in ASR-affected environments, offering recommendations for enhancing their reliability and accuracy. By harnessing the combined capabilities of rebound hammer and UPV, engineers and asset managers can make well-informed decisions regarding the maintenance, repair, and retrofitting of ASR-affected tanks, ensuring their long-term safety and functionality in critical infrastructure applications.","PeriodicalId":517766,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH)","volume":"16 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141104613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0193
Sushma D S, Pooja C N, Varsha H S, Yasir Hussain, P Yashash
AI advancements, particularly in neural networks, have brought about groundbreaking tools like text generators and chatbots. While these technologies offer tremendous benefits, they also pose serious risks such as privacy breaches, spread of misinformation, and challenges to academic integrity. Previous efforts to distinguish between human and AI-generated text have been limited, especially with models like ChatGPT. To tackle this, we created a dataset containing both human and ChatGPT-generated text, using it to train and test various machine and deep learning models. Your results, particularly the high F1-score and accuracy achieved by the RoBERTa-based custom deep learning model and Distil BERT, indicate promising progress in this area. By establishing a robust baseline for detecting and classifying AI-generated content, your work contributes significantly to mitigating potential misuse of AI-powered text generation tools.
人工智能的进步，尤其是神经网络的进步，带来了文本生成器和聊天机器人等突破性工具。这些技术在带来巨大好处的同时，也带来了严重的风险，如隐私泄露、错误信息传播以及对学术诚信的挑战。以往区分人类文本和人工智能生成文本的努力非常有限，尤其是像 ChatGPT 这样的模型。为了解决这个问题，我们创建了一个包含人类文本和 ChatGPT 生成文本的数据集，用它来训练和测试各种机器学习和深度学习模型。您的结果，尤其是基于 RoBERTa 的定制深度学习模型和 Distil BERT 所取得的高 F1 分数和准确率，表明我们在这一领域取得了可喜的进展。通过建立检测和分类人工智能生成内容的稳健基线，你们的工作为减少人工智能驱动的文本生成工具的潜在滥用做出了重大贡献。
{"title":"Detection and Classification of ChatGPT Generated Contents Using Deep Transformer Models","authors":"Sushma D S, Pooja C N, Varsha H S, Yasir Hussain, P Yashash","doi":"10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0193","url":null,"abstract":"AI advancements, particularly in neural networks, have brought about groundbreaking tools like text generators and chatbots. While these technologies offer tremendous benefits, they also pose serious risks such as privacy breaches, spread of misinformation, and challenges to academic integrity. Previous efforts to distinguish between human and AI-generated text have been limited, especially with models like ChatGPT. To tackle this, we created a dataset containing both human and ChatGPT-generated text, using it to train and test various machine and deep learning models. Your results, particularly the high F1-score and accuracy achieved by the RoBERTa-based custom deep learning model and Distil BERT, indicate promising progress in this area. By establishing a robust baseline for detecting and classifying AI-generated content, your work contributes significantly to mitigating potential misuse of AI-powered text generation tools.","PeriodicalId":517766,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH)","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141104604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0188
Manish Mate, Abhishek Sahu, Atharva Kadam, Rajat Tandulkar, Arpita Agarwal
Drowsiness detection is a solution for identifying signs of fatigue or sleepiness in individuals. One of the key features of our model is that it can detect drowsiness at night as well using Mobile cameras (infrared sensors). The system captures infrared images of the person's face and analyzes the physiological and behavioral cues related to drowsiness. Infrared sensors allow for drowsiness detection in low-light conditions, making it particularly useful for night-time scenarios such as night driving. The system can trigger alerts or interventions if drowsiness is detected, helping to prevent accidents or mistakes. We will be using libraries like OpenCV, TensorFlow, CNN, and VGG19 features in our model. By combining the accessibility of Android devices with the advanced capabilities of the Deep Learning algorithm, drowsiness detection using infrared sensors has the potential to greatly improve the safety and productivity of individuals in their daily lives.
{"title":"Drowsiness Detection and Alert System","authors":"Manish Mate, Abhishek Sahu, Atharva Kadam, Rajat Tandulkar, Arpita Agarwal","doi":"10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0188","url":null,"abstract":"Drowsiness detection is a solution for identifying signs of fatigue or sleepiness in individuals. One of the key features of our model is that it can detect drowsiness at night as well using Mobile cameras (infrared sensors). The system captures infrared images of the person's face and analyzes the physiological and behavioral cues related to drowsiness. Infrared sensors allow for drowsiness detection in low-light conditions, making it particularly useful for night-time scenarios such as night driving. The system can trigger alerts or interventions if drowsiness is detected, helping to prevent accidents or mistakes. We will be using libraries like OpenCV, TensorFlow, CNN, and VGG19 features in our model. By combining the accessibility of Android devices with the advanced capabilities of the Deep Learning algorithm, drowsiness detection using infrared sensors has the potential to greatly improve the safety and productivity of individuals in their daily lives.","PeriodicalId":517766,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH)","volume":"60 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141106092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0189
Janath Shiv K S, Nithish Sankar B, Dhanapathi.S, Ms. Kanthimathi M
This project introduces an innovative solution designed to empower individuals with disabilities and enhance drawing efficiency for professionals. Through the utilization of AI-powered hand gesture recognition, the drawing pad allows for intuitive sketching by simply using gestures, marking a significant advancement in visual expression for those who are dumb. Professionals stand to benefit greatly from the streamlined drawing process, as the system translates gestures into precise depictions with minimal manual input, ultimately increasing productivity. Furthermore, the project addresses the time-consuming nature of documentation tasks by enabling swift note-taking via gestures, catering to users seeking efficient methods of documentation. Additionally, the system serves as a versatile tool for educators, facilitating interactive teaching through gesture-based drawing, thereby transforming the teaching profession by making lessons more engaging and accessible.
{"title":"Beginner Friendly Drawing Pad Using AI","authors":"Janath Shiv K S, Nithish Sankar B, Dhanapathi.S, Ms. Kanthimathi M","doi":"10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0189","url":null,"abstract":"This project introduces an innovative solution designed to empower individuals with disabilities and enhance drawing efficiency for professionals. Through the utilization of AI-powered hand gesture recognition, the drawing pad allows for intuitive sketching by simply using gestures, marking a significant advancement in visual expression for those who are dumb. Professionals stand to benefit greatly from the streamlined drawing process, as the system translates gestures into precise depictions with minimal manual input, ultimately increasing productivity. Furthermore, the project addresses the time-consuming nature of documentation tasks by enabling swift note-taking via gestures, catering to users seeking efficient methods of documentation. Additionally, the system serves as a versatile tool for educators, facilitating interactive teaching through gesture-based drawing, thereby transforming the teaching profession by making lessons more engaging and accessible.","PeriodicalId":517766,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH)","volume":"91 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141105900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0185
K.P. Shivamurthy, Dr. Raju.A. S
Whole slide image (WSI) segmentation is a crucial task aiding tumour and cancerous cell diagnosis. Generalized Normal Distribution Optimization (GNDO) algorithm is adopted for whole slide image segmentation based on thresholding in this paper. GNDO algorithm utilizes the generalized normal distribution's properties to determine the ideal thresholds for image segmentation. Through various metrics, the efficacy of GNDO in comparison to traditional Otsu thresholding methods is demonstrated. As demonstrated by the results, it can offer reliable and flexible solutions for different histopathology images.
{"title":"Optimal Whole Slide Image Segmentation Using Generalized Normal Distribution Optimization","authors":"K.P. Shivamurthy, Dr. Raju.A. S","doi":"10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0185","url":null,"abstract":"Whole slide image (WSI) segmentation is a crucial task aiding tumour and cancerous cell diagnosis. Generalized Normal Distribution Optimization (GNDO) algorithm is adopted for whole slide image segmentation based on thresholding in this paper. GNDO algorithm utilizes the generalized normal distribution's properties to determine the ideal thresholds for image segmentation. Through various metrics, the efficacy of GNDO in comparison to traditional Otsu thresholding methods is demonstrated. As demonstrated by the results, it can offer reliable and flexible solutions for different histopathology images.","PeriodicalId":517766,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH)","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141104864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0195
Aditi Prateek¹, Kumar Priyadarshini², S. K. Nikhil³, Choubey⁴, P. Tiwary⁵, Rajeev Ranjan
Fabrication of CDS/CDTE based heterojunction photovoltaic cell has been undertaken to explore better light conversion efficiency. We have developed a photovoltaic cell using glass coated with Indium doped Tin Oxide (ITO) which works as transparent conducting oxide (TCO). ITO coated glass has promising prospects of enhancing the efficiency of the photovoltaic cell. ITO layers are known to be employed as anode terminal due to the negative polarity they possess compared to the whole PV cell; here, we have employed it for the same function as the front layer. During fabrication of the photovoltaic cell, the deposition of nanoparticles of CDS and CDTE layer is undertaken through doctor-blade method. We have employed pure CDS as window layer for its high band gap of 3.8 eV (particle size: 8 nm) and CDTE as absorber layer due to its high optical absorption coefficient with high mobility, good carrier lifetime and enhanced crystallographic properties. The CDS window layer and CDTE absorber layer together constitute a p-n junction where the CDS window layer captures high intensity photons and transmits the photo-excited electron to CDTE absorber layer, thereby leading to photo-current output, which serves as a base to explore and test its further applications. To obtain band gap of respective CDTE and CDS nanoparticles, optical characterization is used. Silver paste is used as rear contact to form anode terminal having good conductivity and providing better mechanical support to the photovoltaic cell.
{"title":"Study of Fabrication Process and Performance Analysis of the CDS/CDTE Based Photovoltaic Cell","authors":"Aditi Prateek¹, Kumar Priyadarshini², S. K. Nikhil³, Choubey⁴, P. Tiwary⁵, Rajeev Ranjan","doi":"10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0195","url":null,"abstract":"Fabrication of CDS/CDTE based heterojunction photovoltaic cell has been undertaken to explore better light conversion efficiency. We have developed a photovoltaic cell using glass coated with Indium doped Tin Oxide (ITO) which works as transparent conducting oxide (TCO). ITO coated glass has promising prospects of enhancing the efficiency of the photovoltaic cell. ITO layers are known to be employed as anode terminal due to the negative polarity they possess compared to the whole PV cell; here, we have employed it for the same function as the front layer. During fabrication of the photovoltaic cell, the deposition of nanoparticles of CDS and CDTE layer is undertaken through doctor-blade method. We have employed pure CDS as window layer for its high band gap of 3.8 eV (particle size: 8 nm) and CDTE as absorber layer due to its high optical absorption coefficient with high mobility, good carrier lifetime and enhanced crystallographic properties. The CDS window layer and CDTE absorber layer together constitute a p-n junction where the CDS window layer captures high intensity photons and transmits the photo-excited electron to CDTE absorber layer, thereby leading to photo-current output, which serves as a base to explore and test its further applications. To obtain band gap of respective CDTE and CDS nanoparticles, optical characterization is used. Silver paste is used as rear contact to form anode terminal having good conductivity and providing better mechanical support to the photovoltaic cell.","PeriodicalId":517766,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH)","volume":"37 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research paper provides a comprehensive exploration of carbon capture to fuel technologies, covering various capture methodologies and conversion processes. The analysis begins by dissecting post-combustion, pre-combustion, and direct air capture technologies, elucidating their principles, advantages, and limitations. A focus on the conversion of captured carbon into usable fuels delves into synthetic fuels and hydrogen production methods, detailing chemical processes, catalysts, and energy requirements. Moving beyond technical aspects, the paper critically analyzes the efficiency and viability of carbon capture to fuel processes, employing case studies and real-world examples to illustrate the practical application of techno-economic assessments and life cycle analyses. Economic considerations further assess implementation costs, operational expenses, and potential revenue streams, drawing insights from existing economic models and case studies. Environmental impact and benefits take center stage, evaluating potential reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, resource efficiency, and ecological considerations associated with converting captured carbon to fuel. A comparative analysis with other carbon capture applications offers a holistic perspective on the environmental footprint. The regulatory landscape is thoroughly examined, encompassing existing policies, government incentives, and international agreements influencing the development and deployment of carbon capture to fuel technologies. The research concludes with reflections on the current status, challenges, and a roadmap for future advancements, serving as a comprehensive guide for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders in the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions.
{"title":"Techno-Economic, Environmental, and Policy Perspectives of Carbon Capture to Fuel Technologies","authors":"Aditya Singh, Vishesh Saini, Sambhav Jain, Anunay Gour","doi":"10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0192","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper provides a comprehensive exploration of carbon capture to fuel technologies, covering various capture methodologies and conversion processes. The analysis begins by dissecting post-combustion, pre-combustion, and direct air capture technologies, elucidating their principles, advantages, and limitations. A focus on the conversion of captured carbon into usable fuels delves into synthetic fuels and hydrogen production methods, detailing chemical processes, catalysts, and energy requirements. Moving beyond technical aspects, the paper critically analyzes the efficiency and viability of carbon capture to fuel processes, employing case studies and real-world examples to illustrate the practical application of techno-economic assessments and life cycle analyses. Economic considerations further assess implementation costs, operational expenses, and potential revenue streams, drawing insights from existing economic models and case studies. Environmental impact and benefits take center stage, evaluating potential reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, resource efficiency, and ecological considerations associated with converting captured carbon to fuel. A comparative analysis with other carbon capture applications offers a holistic perspective on the environmental footprint. The regulatory landscape is thoroughly examined, encompassing existing policies, government incentives, and international agreements influencing the development and deployment of carbon capture to fuel technologies. The research concludes with reflections on the current status, challenges, and a roadmap for future advancements, serving as a comprehensive guide for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders in the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions.","PeriodicalId":517766,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH)","volume":"38 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0190
Sharique Habib, Mohit Kumar, Raj Kumar Mishra
Induction motor demand is increasing day by day with increasing demand an essential requirement arises too inefficient motor controlling method. A comparison study of three diverse Pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques of 3-ϕ inverter for better performance of induction motor is presented here using MATLAB/Simulink. Sinusoidal PWM, Third Harmonic injected PWM (THIPWM), Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) techniques simulation is show here, Motor parameter like speed vs time, torque vs time, Output voltage (THD), Output current (THD) of an inverter was observed by changing the carrier frequency and motor drive load. Simulation result shows that SVPWM flaunt better performance comparing other PWM technique.
{"title":"Comparative Review of Three PWM Approach On 3-Φ VSI Fed with Induction Motor Drive","authors":"Sharique Habib, Mohit Kumar, Raj Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0190","url":null,"abstract":"Induction motor demand is increasing day by day with increasing demand an essential requirement arises too inefficient motor controlling method. A comparison study of three diverse Pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques of 3-ϕ inverter for better performance of induction motor is presented here using MATLAB/Simulink. Sinusoidal PWM, Third Harmonic injected PWM (THIPWM), Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) techniques simulation is show here, Motor parameter like speed vs time, torque vs time, Output voltage (THD), Output current (THD) of an inverter was observed by changing the carrier frequency and motor drive load. Simulation result shows that SVPWM flaunt better performance comparing other PWM technique.","PeriodicalId":517766,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH)","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141107189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0196
Dr Rakesh Kumar Pathak, Priyanshu Gaurav, Vaibhav Kumar, Aditya Raj
Fraud in any financial transactions causes severe loss to both customer as well as the seller. The loss is not confined to financial loss only but it also causes severe dent to the confidence of the customer especially related to shopping platform and the payment instrument used. Nowadays a substantial part of buying and selling of goods and services are taking place using various e commerce platforms. Many customer use credit card as payment instrument. During the payment process, users do exposes the credit card credentials to the payment platform. These payment platforms are vulnerable to fishing and hacking attackers and the payment instrument remains highly susceptible to fraudulent activities. There are two approaches to dealing with this problem. The first step is to identify the fraudulent activities and second step is to prevent any such attempt of fraud. This paper proposes a model based on machine learning algorithms to identify fraudulent attempts by analyzing credit card transactions data set and proposes methods of preventing such fraud activities. The paper also presents the accuracy of this AI model in identifying and preventing fraudulent and mischievous activities.
{"title":"Fraud Detection in Financial Transactions Using Credit Card: A Machine Learning Model","authors":"Dr Rakesh Kumar Pathak, Priyanshu Gaurav, Vaibhav Kumar, Aditya Raj","doi":"10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0196","url":null,"abstract":"Fraud in any financial transactions causes severe loss to both customer as well as the seller. The loss is not confined to financial loss only but it also causes severe dent to the confidence of the customer especially related to shopping platform and the payment instrument used. Nowadays a substantial part of buying and selling of goods and services are taking place using various e commerce platforms. Many customer use credit card as payment instrument. During the payment process, users do exposes the credit card credentials to the payment platform. These payment platforms are vulnerable to fishing and hacking attackers and the payment instrument remains highly susceptible to fraudulent activities. There are two approaches to dealing with this problem. The first step is to identify the fraudulent activities and second step is to prevent any such attempt of fraud. This paper proposes a model based on machine learning algorithms to identify fraudulent attempts by analyzing credit card transactions data set and proposes methods of preventing such fraud activities. The paper also presents the accuracy of this AI model in identifying and preventing fraudulent and mischievous activities.","PeriodicalId":517766,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH)","volume":"14 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141105527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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