Dariush Rabbani, Z. Piravar, M. Jafari Fesharaki, Amir Hossein Kashi, Mazyar Salimi
Background: In recent years, science and industry have focused on preparing nanoparticles (NPs). Due to the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics, there is an overwhelming need to find effective antimicrobials with fewer side effects. Objectives: The aim of this study was to synthesize silver and iron oxide NPs and investigate their antimicrobial effects on bacteria isolated from urinary stones. Methods: Cases of urolithiasis from 45 patients with staghorn stones, extracted through percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), were included in the study. Urinary stone cultures were performed, and the isolation and identification of bacteria were done using standard microbiological techniques. Silver and iron oxide NPs were synthesized, and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were evaluated for the isolates. Results: Seventeen (60.7%) out of 28 positive cultured cases of the isolated bacteria were gram-negative, and 11 (39.3%) were gram-positive. The most abundant isolated bacterium was Escherichia coli, with 13 cases (46.4%). The antibacterial effects of silver and iron oxide NPs revealed that the maximum inhibitory zone for Ag NPs at 1000 ppm was 23 mm, and for Fe3O4 NPs, it was 18.5 mm. The MIC was 180 µg/mL for Ag and 250 µg/mL for Fe3O4. The MBC was 228 µg/mL for Ag and 300 µg/mL for Fe3O4. Conclusions: Nanoparticles exhibited antibacterial effects on the bacteria studied in a concentration-dependent manner. Ag NPs showed a more pronounced bactericidal effect than Fe3O4 NPs. As a result, these two NPs demonstrated effective antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
{"title":"Comparable Antibacterial Effects of Silver and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Urinary Calculi Obtained After Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy","authors":"Dariush Rabbani, Z. Piravar, M. Jafari Fesharaki, Amir Hossein Kashi, Mazyar Salimi","doi":"10.5812/archcid-138247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-138247","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In recent years, science and industry have focused on preparing nanoparticles (NPs). Due to the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics, there is an overwhelming need to find effective antimicrobials with fewer side effects. Objectives: The aim of this study was to synthesize silver and iron oxide NPs and investigate their antimicrobial effects on bacteria isolated from urinary stones. Methods: Cases of urolithiasis from 45 patients with staghorn stones, extracted through percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), were included in the study. Urinary stone cultures were performed, and the isolation and identification of bacteria were done using standard microbiological techniques. Silver and iron oxide NPs were synthesized, and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were evaluated for the isolates. Results: Seventeen (60.7%) out of 28 positive cultured cases of the isolated bacteria were gram-negative, and 11 (39.3%) were gram-positive. The most abundant isolated bacterium was Escherichia coli, with 13 cases (46.4%). The antibacterial effects of silver and iron oxide NPs revealed that the maximum inhibitory zone for Ag NPs at 1000 ppm was 23 mm, and for Fe3O4 NPs, it was 18.5 mm. The MIC was 180 µg/mL for Ag and 250 µg/mL for Fe3O4. The MBC was 228 µg/mL for Ag and 300 µg/mL for Fe3O4. Conclusions: Nanoparticles exhibited antibacterial effects on the bacteria studied in a concentration-dependent manner. Ag NPs showed a more pronounced bactericidal effect than Fe3O4 NPs. As a result, these two NPs demonstrated effective antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.","PeriodicalId":51793,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141668774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parisa Abedi Elkhichi, Ehsan Nazemolhosseini, Hossein Dabiri, Sama Rezasoltani, Abbas Yadegar, Mehdi Azizmohamad looha, Ali Mojtahedi, M. Nasiri
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex disease with diverse gene expression patterns, which can arise from common adenomas or serrated polyps. The role of intestinal microbiota in the development of CRC is still a subject of debate. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the prevalence of a selection of gastrointestinal microbiota in Iranian patients with CRC. Methods: A total of 86 biopsy specimens (17 samples from normal tissues and 69 samples from cancer tissues) were analyzed from normal controls and patients with CRC. The presence of Helicobacter pylori, Campylobacter species (including C. jejuni, C. coli, C. upsaliensis, C. bovis, and C. fetus), as well as human papillomavirus (HPV) and JC polyomavirus (JCV) in tissue specimens, was examined using PCR. Results: The prevalence of the targeted bacterial and viral agents in CRC patients exhibited significant variations compared to normal controls. Notably, there was a higher prevalence of the Helicobacter genus in patients with CRC compared to normal controls. Patients with CRC were found to be at an increased risk of Campylobacter infection, with various Campylobacter species identified. Additionally, HPV and JCV genomes were detected in cancer samples at a higher rate than in normal controls. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated a higher prevalence of the Helicobacter genus, Campylobacter species, HPV, and JCV in patients with CRC compared to normal controls. However, further research is required to elucidate the potential role of these bacterial and viral agents in the development of CRC.
{"title":"Prevalence of Campylobacter Species, Helicobacter Pylori, Human Papillomavirus, and JC Polyomavirus in Patients with Colorectal Cancer in Iran","authors":"Parisa Abedi Elkhichi, Ehsan Nazemolhosseini, Hossein Dabiri, Sama Rezasoltani, Abbas Yadegar, Mehdi Azizmohamad looha, Ali Mojtahedi, M. Nasiri","doi":"10.5812/archcid-132362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-132362","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex disease with diverse gene expression patterns, which can arise from common adenomas or serrated polyps. The role of intestinal microbiota in the development of CRC is still a subject of debate. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the prevalence of a selection of gastrointestinal microbiota in Iranian patients with CRC. Methods: A total of 86 biopsy specimens (17 samples from normal tissues and 69 samples from cancer tissues) were analyzed from normal controls and patients with CRC. The presence of Helicobacter pylori, Campylobacter species (including C. jejuni, C. coli, C. upsaliensis, C. bovis, and C. fetus), as well as human papillomavirus (HPV) and JC polyomavirus (JCV) in tissue specimens, was examined using PCR. Results: The prevalence of the targeted bacterial and viral agents in CRC patients exhibited significant variations compared to normal controls. Notably, there was a higher prevalence of the Helicobacter genus in patients with CRC compared to normal controls. Patients with CRC were found to be at an increased risk of Campylobacter infection, with various Campylobacter species identified. Additionally, HPV and JCV genomes were detected in cancer samples at a higher rate than in normal controls. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated a higher prevalence of the Helicobacter genus, Campylobacter species, HPV, and JCV in patients with CRC compared to normal controls. However, further research is required to elucidate the potential role of these bacterial and viral agents in the development of CRC.","PeriodicalId":51793,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance as Global Emergency Action Plan","authors":"Masoud Mardani","doi":"10.5812/archcid-149812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-149812","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p/>","PeriodicalId":51793,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141673082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Elbahr, Amira Ahmed, Suha Hejres, Z. Surmeli, Cigdem Ozturk-Pala, Clark Steven Delos Reyes, Mohamed Elbahr, H. Ankarali, Jordi Rello, Hakan Erdem
Background: Appropriate empiric antibiotic use is of utmost importance in febrile neutropenic patients. This study analyzed positive blood culture reports from febrile neutropenic patients and provided a new empirical antibiotic treatment approach. Methods: This study retrospectively enrolled febrile neutropenic patients with hematological or solid organ malignancies who had positive blood cultures at the Bahrain Oncology Center within January 2019 to August 2021. Microbiological data were used to draw inferences for rational antimicrobial treatment. The quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score was employed to classify the severity status. The t-test was used to compare univariate and multivariate sensitivity values for two dependent proportions. Results: A total of 73 episodes of bacteremia were detected in 53 patients. Among these, 54 episodes (74%) were caused by gram-negative organisms. The most commonly isolated organisms were Escherichia coli (30%), Klebsiella pneumonia (22%), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (11%). The rate of extensively drug-resistant strains among K. pneumoniae was 44% (n = 7). Among gram-negative microorganisms, the susceptibility rates for monotherapies were reported for ceftazidime (56%), piperacillin/tazobactam (76%), cefepime (54%), meropenem (80%), and ceftazidime-avibactam (91%). The susceptibility rates for tigecycline-based combinations exceeded 90% overall. Conclusions: Clinical severity and local epidemiological data should be considered in the management of febrile neutropenia. New antibiotics and tigecycline should be considered for combination therapy in selected cases due to the increasing resistance observed.
{"title":"Epidemiology of Febrile Neutropenic and Bacteremic Patients in the Extensively Drug-Resistant Era","authors":"U. Elbahr, Amira Ahmed, Suha Hejres, Z. Surmeli, Cigdem Ozturk-Pala, Clark Steven Delos Reyes, Mohamed Elbahr, H. Ankarali, Jordi Rello, Hakan Erdem","doi":"10.5812/archcid-135472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-135472","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Appropriate empiric antibiotic use is of utmost importance in febrile neutropenic patients. This study analyzed positive blood culture reports from febrile neutropenic patients and provided a new empirical antibiotic treatment approach. Methods: This study retrospectively enrolled febrile neutropenic patients with hematological or solid organ malignancies who had positive blood cultures at the Bahrain Oncology Center within January 2019 to August 2021. Microbiological data were used to draw inferences for rational antimicrobial treatment. The quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score was employed to classify the severity status. The t-test was used to compare univariate and multivariate sensitivity values for two dependent proportions. Results: A total of 73 episodes of bacteremia were detected in 53 patients. Among these, 54 episodes (74%) were caused by gram-negative organisms. The most commonly isolated organisms were Escherichia coli (30%), Klebsiella pneumonia (22%), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (11%). The rate of extensively drug-resistant strains among K. pneumoniae was 44% (n = 7). Among gram-negative microorganisms, the susceptibility rates for monotherapies were reported for ceftazidime (56%), piperacillin/tazobactam (76%), cefepime (54%), meropenem (80%), and ceftazidime-avibactam (91%). The susceptibility rates for tigecycline-based combinations exceeded 90% overall. Conclusions: Clinical severity and local epidemiological data should be considered in the management of febrile neutropenia. New antibiotics and tigecycline should be considered for combination therapy in selected cases due to the increasing resistance observed.","PeriodicalId":51793,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140386100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ghazizadeh, M. Mohseni, Mahboobe Asadi, Aref Hoseini
Background: Mucormycosis, commonly referred to as 'black fungus,' has arisen as a complication associated with COVID-19. Objectives: This research investigated the clinical features, demographic profiles, and outcomes of patients with mucormycosis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A case series involving 29 patients diagnosed with mucormycosis was conducted. The study systematically examined demographic information, underlying health conditions, COVID-19 status, and clinical outcomes of these patients. Results: The majority of patients, accounting for 90%, developed mucormycosis subsequent to COVID-19 infection, with diabetes mellitus being the predominant comorbidity, affecting 38% of cases. A higher incidence was observed in males, and the mortality rate was significant. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) was utilized for both diagnosis and treatment, although the success rate of this procedure varied. Conclusions: Post-COVID-19 mucormycosis presents intricate clinical challenges, particularly in patients with comorbidities and weakened immune systems. Prompt diagnosis and a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach are crucial. Additional research is needed to enhance our comprehension and improve treatment strategies for this daunting infection.
{"title":"Mucormycosis Following COVID-19: A Comprehensive Case Series Investigation","authors":"M. Ghazizadeh, M. Mohseni, Mahboobe Asadi, Aref Hoseini","doi":"10.5812/archcid-141644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-141644","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mucormycosis, commonly referred to as 'black fungus,' has arisen as a complication associated with COVID-19. Objectives: This research investigated the clinical features, demographic profiles, and outcomes of patients with mucormycosis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A case series involving 29 patients diagnosed with mucormycosis was conducted. The study systematically examined demographic information, underlying health conditions, COVID-19 status, and clinical outcomes of these patients. Results: The majority of patients, accounting for 90%, developed mucormycosis subsequent to COVID-19 infection, with diabetes mellitus being the predominant comorbidity, affecting 38% of cases. A higher incidence was observed in males, and the mortality rate was significant. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) was utilized for both diagnosis and treatment, although the success rate of this procedure varied. Conclusions: Post-COVID-19 mucormycosis presents intricate clinical challenges, particularly in patients with comorbidities and weakened immune systems. Prompt diagnosis and a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach are crucial. Additional research is needed to enhance our comprehension and improve treatment strategies for this daunting infection.","PeriodicalId":51793,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140447973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raed Obaid Saleh, A. S. Dheyab, Baraa Hamid Hadi, Raad N. Hasan, Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
Background: Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is an ancient medicinal plant with a long history of use in traditional medicine. It possesses a diverse array of bioactive compounds and has been employed for centuries in Asian countries, especially India and other developing nations, to address fungal infections affecting the skin, mouth, urinary system, and vaginal tract. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the antibacterial effects of an ethanolic extract derived from the S. aromaticum plant on clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis. This was achieved by conducting an agar diffusion susceptibility test, indicating the presence of an inhibitory zone against the growth of the microorganisms. Methods: In this study, 251 clinical urine samples were collected from women suffering from urinary tract infections (UTIs) aged 17 to 52 years in Baghdad City, Iraq, from September 2021 to January 2022. The samples were examined to determine the occurrence of E. faecalis through morphological identification. This involved employing conventional and differential culture media, performing biochemical tests, and utilizing the Vitek II system. Results: Enterococcus faecalis isolates were found in 35 (16.43%) of 213 samples that showed positive bacterial cultures detected by conventional bacteriological methods and Vitek II. Based on antimicrobial susceptibility test results, 4 concentrations (100, 50, 25, and 12.5 mg/mL) of alcoholic extract of S. aromaticum showed considerable effectiveness against all 35 E. faecalis isolates, where the diameters of the inhibition zones ranged from 21.13 to 7.14 mm; however, no inhibition of zone was seen at concentrations of 6.25 and 3.125 mg/mL. Conclusions: The ethanolic extract obtained from the dried flower buds of clove (S. aromaticum) exhibited significant potential as an antibacterial agent. Furthermore, it suggests the exploitation of this plant as a novel therapeutic alternative for the treatment of UTIs to deal with the problem of drug resistance.
{"title":"Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Syzygium aromaticum Plant Against Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Women with Urinary Tract Infections","authors":"Raed Obaid Saleh, A. S. Dheyab, Baraa Hamid Hadi, Raad N. Hasan, Saade Abdalkareem Jasim","doi":"10.5812/archcid-134924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-134924","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is an ancient medicinal plant with a long history of use in traditional medicine. It possesses a diverse array of bioactive compounds and has been employed for centuries in Asian countries, especially India and other developing nations, to address fungal infections affecting the skin, mouth, urinary system, and vaginal tract. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the antibacterial effects of an ethanolic extract derived from the S. aromaticum plant on clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis. This was achieved by conducting an agar diffusion susceptibility test, indicating the presence of an inhibitory zone against the growth of the microorganisms. Methods: In this study, 251 clinical urine samples were collected from women suffering from urinary tract infections (UTIs) aged 17 to 52 years in Baghdad City, Iraq, from September 2021 to January 2022. The samples were examined to determine the occurrence of E. faecalis through morphological identification. This involved employing conventional and differential culture media, performing biochemical tests, and utilizing the Vitek II system. Results: Enterococcus faecalis isolates were found in 35 (16.43%) of 213 samples that showed positive bacterial cultures detected by conventional bacteriological methods and Vitek II. Based on antimicrobial susceptibility test results, 4 concentrations (100, 50, 25, and 12.5 mg/mL) of alcoholic extract of S. aromaticum showed considerable effectiveness against all 35 E. faecalis isolates, where the diameters of the inhibition zones ranged from 21.13 to 7.14 mm; however, no inhibition of zone was seen at concentrations of 6.25 and 3.125 mg/mL. Conclusions: The ethanolic extract obtained from the dried flower buds of clove (S. aromaticum) exhibited significant potential as an antibacterial agent. Furthermore, it suggests the exploitation of this plant as a novel therapeutic alternative for the treatment of UTIs to deal with the problem of drug resistance.","PeriodicalId":51793,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140466323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huang Zhi Min, Li Gui Lian, Yang Zheng Rong, Zhou Lin, Jiang Min, Li Hao, Zhong Yi Fan, Jiang Yi Xiang, Wang Xiao Hui, He Tai Ping
Background: When coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first broke out, much literature was reported on the re-detectable positive phenomenon of COVID-19 patients during recovery; however, there were few studies on the lymphocyte subsets, T-lymphocyte activation indicators, and levels of specific antibodies between the re-detectable positive (RP) and non-re-detectable positive (NRP) patients. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the immunological characteristics of RP and NRP patients among convalescent patients from post-discharge COVID-19 patients and to explore immunological factors related to RP. Methods: Anticoagulated whole blood samples were collected from 11 healthy controls (HCs) and 66 COVID-19 convalescent patients. Then, the percentage of lymphocyte subsets and CD4+CD38+/HLA-DR+ T cells were tested with flow cytometry, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) anti-spike protein receptor-binding domain immunoglobulin G (S-RBD-IgG) antibody was detected by chemiluminescence. Results: B cells (%) in the RP group were significantly lower than that in the HC group (P = 0.014), and B cells (%) decreased successively in HC, NRP, and RP groups, with significant differences among the three groups (P = 0.016). CD3+ and CD8+ T cells (%) in the RP group were noticeably higher than that in the NRP group (P = 0.004 and 0.019, respectively); nevertheless, there was no difference in CD4+ T cells (%) and natural killer (NK) cells (%) among the three groups. The CD4+CD38+ and CD4+HLA-DR+ T cells (%) in the RP group were noticeably higher than that in the HC group (P = 0.013 and 0.025). The analysis of differences among the three groups showed that CD4+CD38+ and HLA-DR+ T cells (%) were also significantly different (P = 0.037 and 0.015), and CD4+HLA-DR+ T cells (%) in the three groups increased in turn. Meanwhile, there was a positive correlation between RBD-IgG titer and CD4+HLA-DR+ (%) (P = 0.003, r = 0.517), and the RBD-IgG titer of HLA-DR+ high group was higher than that of HLA-DR+ Low group (P = 0.005) in the COVID-19 convalescent patients. Conclusions: In this study, the immunological characteristics of the RP patients of COVID-19 convalescent patients were analyzed based on the lymphocyte subsets and the relationship between S-RBD-IgG and activated CD4+ T cells. The results showed that the low B cells (%) and the increased CD4+HLA-DR+ T cells (%) in the convalescent patients of COVID-19 might be related to the RP phenomenon, and the activated CD4+ T cells might play a crucial role in specific antibody responses.
背景：冠状病毒病2019（COVID-19）爆发之初，许多文献报道了COVID-19患者在康复期间的再检测阳性现象；然而，关于再检测阳性（RP）和非再检测阳性（NRP）患者之间的淋巴细胞亚群、T淋巴细胞活化指标和特异性抗体水平的研究却很少。研究目的本研究旨在分析 COVID-19 出院后康复患者中 RP 和 NRP 患者的免疫学特征，并探讨与 RP 相关的免疫学因素。研究方法采集11名健康对照组（HCs）和66名COVID-19康复患者的抗凝全血样本。然后用流式细胞仪检测淋巴细胞亚群和CD4+CD38+/HLA-DR+ T细胞的百分比，用化学发光法检测严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）抗尖峰蛋白受体结合域免疫球蛋白G（S-RBD-IgG）抗体。结果RP组的B细胞（%）明显低于HC组（P = 0.014），且HC组、NRP组和RP组的B细胞（%）依次下降，三组间差异显著（P = 0.016）。RP 组的 CD3+ 和 CD8+ T 细胞（%）明显高于 NRP 组（P = 0.004 和 0.019，分别为 0.004 和 0.019）；但三组的 CD4+ T 细胞（%）和自然杀伤（NK）细胞（%）无差异。RP 组的 CD4+CD38+ 和 CD4+HLA-DR+ T 细胞（%）明显高于 HC 组（P = 0.013 和 0.025）。三组间差异分析显示，CD4+CD38+和HLA-DR+ T细胞（%）也有显著差异（P = 0.037和0.015），且三组的CD4+HLA-DR+ T细胞（%）依次增加。同时，RBD-IgG滴度与CD4+HLA-DR+（%）呈正相关（P = 0.003，r = 0.517），COVID-19康复患者中HLA-DR+高组的RBD-IgG滴度高于HLA-DR+低组（P = 0.005）。结论本研究根据淋巴细胞亚群和 S-RBD-IgG 与活化 CD4+ T 细胞的关系分析了 COVID-19 康复期 RP 患者的免疫学特征。结果表明，COVID-19康复患者的B细胞（%）偏低和CD4+HLA-DR+ T细胞（%）偏高可能与RP现象有关，而活化的CD4+ T细胞可能在特异性抗体反应中起着关键作用。
{"title":"Analysis of Differences in Lymphocyte Subsets and CD4+ T Cells Immune Activation Between Re-detectable Positive and Non-re-detectable Positive COVID-19 Convalescent Patients","authors":"Huang Zhi Min, Li Gui Lian, Yang Zheng Rong, Zhou Lin, Jiang Min, Li Hao, Zhong Yi Fan, Jiang Yi Xiang, Wang Xiao Hui, He Tai Ping","doi":"10.5812/archcid-140942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-140942","url":null,"abstract":"Background: When coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first broke out, much literature was reported on the re-detectable positive phenomenon of COVID-19 patients during recovery; however, there were few studies on the lymphocyte subsets, T-lymphocyte activation indicators, and levels of specific antibodies between the re-detectable positive (RP) and non-re-detectable positive (NRP) patients. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the immunological characteristics of RP and NRP patients among convalescent patients from post-discharge COVID-19 patients and to explore immunological factors related to RP. Methods: Anticoagulated whole blood samples were collected from 11 healthy controls (HCs) and 66 COVID-19 convalescent patients. Then, the percentage of lymphocyte subsets and CD4+CD38+/HLA-DR+ T cells were tested with flow cytometry, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) anti-spike protein receptor-binding domain immunoglobulin G (S-RBD-IgG) antibody was detected by chemiluminescence. Results: B cells (%) in the RP group were significantly lower than that in the HC group (P = 0.014), and B cells (%) decreased successively in HC, NRP, and RP groups, with significant differences among the three groups (P = 0.016). CD3+ and CD8+ T cells (%) in the RP group were noticeably higher than that in the NRP group (P = 0.004 and 0.019, respectively); nevertheless, there was no difference in CD4+ T cells (%) and natural killer (NK) cells (%) among the three groups. The CD4+CD38+ and CD4+HLA-DR+ T cells (%) in the RP group were noticeably higher than that in the HC group (P = 0.013 and 0.025). The analysis of differences among the three groups showed that CD4+CD38+ and HLA-DR+ T cells (%) were also significantly different (P = 0.037 and 0.015), and CD4+HLA-DR+ T cells (%) in the three groups increased in turn. Meanwhile, there was a positive correlation between RBD-IgG titer and CD4+HLA-DR+ (%) (P = 0.003, r = 0.517), and the RBD-IgG titer of HLA-DR+ high group was higher than that of HLA-DR+ Low group (P = 0.005) in the COVID-19 convalescent patients. Conclusions: In this study, the immunological characteristics of the RP patients of COVID-19 convalescent patients were analyzed based on the lymphocyte subsets and the relationship between S-RBD-IgG and activated CD4+ T cells. The results showed that the low B cells (%) and the increased CD4+HLA-DR+ T cells (%) in the convalescent patients of COVID-19 might be related to the RP phenomenon, and the activated CD4+ T cells might play a crucial role in specific antibody responses.","PeriodicalId":51793,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140489156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Saeedi, K. Mirnia, Maral Ghassemzadeh, Razieh Sangsari, Yasaman Hoseini
Background: Sepsis is the leading cause of death in newborns, particularly in underdeveloped countries. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are critical in reducing neonatal mortality. Since blood culture results are often unavailable for 48 - 72 hours, other hematologic findings may provide useful information for early diagnosis. Objectives: We examined the relationship between neonatal sepsis and blood indices in order to achieve early diagnosis. Methods: In this hospital-based retrospective multiple-event case-control study, we allocated the neonates into three groups: Culture-positive sepsis, culture-negative sepsis, and neonates without sepsis. We compared the lab data within these three groups. Results: The study included 319 neonates: 209 cases of culture-positive sepsis, 65 cases of culture-negative sepsis, and 45 cases without neonatal sepsis. Pearson's test demonstrated a significant correlation between thrombocytopenia, positive C-reactive protein (CRP), and high cell distribution width with culture-positive sepsis (P = 0.000), indicating a statistical difference between the three groups. The mean CRP and eosinophil levels were higher in the culture-positive group with fungal sepsis. Conclusions: In septic neonates with high CRP levels, particularly in conjunction with eosinophilia, fungal coverage should be considered.
{"title":"Diagnostic Values of Blood Indices for Neonatal Sepsis","authors":"M. Saeedi, K. Mirnia, Maral Ghassemzadeh, Razieh Sangsari, Yasaman Hoseini","doi":"10.5812/archcid-141795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-141795","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sepsis is the leading cause of death in newborns, particularly in underdeveloped countries. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are critical in reducing neonatal mortality. Since blood culture results are often unavailable for 48 - 72 hours, other hematologic findings may provide useful information for early diagnosis. Objectives: We examined the relationship between neonatal sepsis and blood indices in order to achieve early diagnosis. Methods: In this hospital-based retrospective multiple-event case-control study, we allocated the neonates into three groups: Culture-positive sepsis, culture-negative sepsis, and neonates without sepsis. We compared the lab data within these three groups. Results: The study included 319 neonates: 209 cases of culture-positive sepsis, 65 cases of culture-negative sepsis, and 45 cases without neonatal sepsis. Pearson's test demonstrated a significant correlation between thrombocytopenia, positive C-reactive protein (CRP), and high cell distribution width with culture-positive sepsis (P = 0.000), indicating a statistical difference between the three groups. The mean CRP and eosinophil levels were higher in the culture-positive group with fungal sepsis. Conclusions: In septic neonates with high CRP levels, particularly in conjunction with eosinophilia, fungal coverage should be considered.","PeriodicalId":51793,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140496528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alireza Fatemi, Maryam Barati, Zahra Razzaghi, R. Fekrazad, Fatemeh Sheibani, E. Kamani, Mohammadreza Razzaghi, Vahid Mansouri, Mohammad Barzegar, Mehri Javaherygallojeh
Background: The symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) range from asymptomatic to severe respiratory distress or death. Reviews on potential COVID-19 treatments show no established therapy. Photobiomodulation can help in reducing inflammation and speed up tissue repair. In addition, due to its few side effects, it appears to be effective in restricting COVID-19. Therefore, it was decided to use this method in disease control to achieve the systemic impact of intravascular photobiomodulation therapy in this study. Methods: A total of 60 patients were randomly divided into three groups of 20 subjects: A control group that received common treatments for COVID-19, a group treated with a low-power gallium arsenide laser diode (660 nm) with an output dose of 2 J/cm2 for 7 minutes and 5 days in a row in addition to standard treatments, and another group that received common treatments with the same laser dose at the same time as the first group with a low-power diode laser (450 nm). Laboratory data and clinical criteria between groups were compared before and after the treatment. Results: An increase in O2 and partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) was significant in the two laser therapy groups (P < 0.05). In addition, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) decreased significantly in the blue laser group (mean difference = -1.44 ± 12.72). The COP score was reduced in all groups; however, only in the blue laser group the reduction in COP score was significant (P < 0.05). In the blue laser group, the COP score before and after the treatment was reduced. Conclusions: The use of an intravenous laser with red and blue wavelength with an output dose of 2 J/cm2 for 7 minutes and 5 days in a row, in addition to standard treatments, showed the improvement of oxygenation (O2 and PO2 in arterial blood gas [ABG]) and the reduction of inflammatory factors (erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] and C-reactive protein [CRP]) and COP scores. However, further extensive studies are needed to prove the therapeutic effects of intravenous lasers, along with the usual treatments for COVID-19.
{"title":"Effects of Intravenous Photobiomodulation Therapy in the Management of Patients with COVID-19","authors":"Alireza Fatemi, Maryam Barati, Zahra Razzaghi, R. Fekrazad, Fatemeh Sheibani, E. Kamani, Mohammadreza Razzaghi, Vahid Mansouri, Mohammad Barzegar, Mehri Javaherygallojeh","doi":"10.5812/archcid-140556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-140556","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) range from asymptomatic to severe respiratory distress or death. Reviews on potential COVID-19 treatments show no established therapy. Photobiomodulation can help in reducing inflammation and speed up tissue repair. In addition, due to its few side effects, it appears to be effective in restricting COVID-19. Therefore, it was decided to use this method in disease control to achieve the systemic impact of intravascular photobiomodulation therapy in this study. Methods: A total of 60 patients were randomly divided into three groups of 20 subjects: A control group that received common treatments for COVID-19, a group treated with a low-power gallium arsenide laser diode (660 nm) with an output dose of 2 J/cm2 for 7 minutes and 5 days in a row in addition to standard treatments, and another group that received common treatments with the same laser dose at the same time as the first group with a low-power diode laser (450 nm). Laboratory data and clinical criteria between groups were compared before and after the treatment. Results: An increase in O2 and partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) was significant in the two laser therapy groups (P < 0.05). In addition, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) decreased significantly in the blue laser group (mean difference = -1.44 ± 12.72). The COP score was reduced in all groups; however, only in the blue laser group the reduction in COP score was significant (P < 0.05). In the blue laser group, the COP score before and after the treatment was reduced. Conclusions: The use of an intravenous laser with red and blue wavelength with an output dose of 2 J/cm2 for 7 minutes and 5 days in a row, in addition to standard treatments, showed the improvement of oxygenation (O2 and PO2 in arterial blood gas [ABG]) and the reduction of inflammatory factors (erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] and C-reactive protein [CRP]) and COP scores. However, further extensive studies are needed to prove the therapeutic effects of intravenous lasers, along with the usual treatments for COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":51793,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140502333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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