Pub Date : 2024-04-07DOI: 10.58956/liikenne.144791
Nils Harder, Lukas Junghanns
Urban environments currently experience radical transformation processes – from the ones related to growing population to sustainable city transitions. Therefore, they are in the center of public attention in enabling more just and sustainable community spaces. Although research has been conducted for several decades, it remains unclear what constitutes systemic change. However, factors found to be some of those constitutional factors are self-selection of the living location and the surrounding built environment. Hence, this paper aims to explore the relationship between travel behavior, the built environment and self-selection. Considering available literature reviews and meta-analyses, the examination focuses on the living context in the US. It was found that all the influencing parameters are highly intertwined, thus making disaggregation difficult and showing the importance of multidimensional assessments of urban environments. Nonetheless, gaps remain regarding the elimination of research biases, and furthermore, considering the characteristics of various methodologies.
{"title":"Built environment and self-selection of residential location in the context of US-American cities","authors":"Nils Harder, Lukas Junghanns","doi":"10.58956/liikenne.144791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58956/liikenne.144791","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Urban environments currently experience radical transformation processes – from the ones related to growing population to sustainable city transitions. Therefore, they are in the center of public attention in enabling more just and sustainable community spaces. Although research has been conducted for several decades, it remains unclear what constitutes systemic change. However, factors found to be some of those constitutional factors are self-selection of the living location and the surrounding built environment. Hence, this paper aims to explore the relationship between travel behavior, the built environment and self-selection. Considering available literature reviews and meta-analyses, the examination focuses on the living context in the US. It was found that all the influencing parameters are highly intertwined, thus making disaggregation difficult and showing the importance of multidimensional assessments of urban environments. Nonetheless, gaps remain regarding the elimination of research biases, and furthermore, considering the characteristics of various methodologies. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":518219,"journal":{"name":"Liikenne-vuosikirja","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-07DOI: 10.58956/liikenne.144793
J. Juga, Timo Pohjosenperä
This study describes the seasonal variations of cycling in Helsinki and analyzes their association with the weather conditions. The empirical data was obtained from the open data of cyclist counting stations at three locations in Helsinki (Baana, Merikannontie, Huopalahti). Weather data (including average daily temperature, sum of precipitation and average snow depth at the Kaisaniemi weather station) was obtained from the Finnish Meteorological Institute. Results show that there is a very strong seasonal variation of cycling in Helsinki. When analyzed individually, all three weather variables showed a statistically significant relationship with the daily number of cyclists. However, when all three variables were entered into the model together, temperature was by far the most influential variable while precipitation was also statistically significant. Snow depth was not significant in the model, and it is obvious that its role is dependent on various other factors, for instance snow clearing, that was not considered in the analyses of the study.
{"title":"Impact of weather on bicycle use","authors":"J. Juga, Timo Pohjosenperä","doi":"10.58956/liikenne.144793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58956/liikenne.144793","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000This study describes the seasonal variations of cycling in Helsinki and analyzes their association with the weather conditions. The empirical data was obtained from the open data of cyclist counting stations at three locations in Helsinki (Baana, Merikannontie, Huopalahti). Weather data (including average daily temperature, sum of precipitation and average snow depth at the Kaisaniemi weather station) was obtained from the Finnish Meteorological Institute. Results show that there is a very strong seasonal variation of cycling in Helsinki. When analyzed individually, all three weather variables showed a statistically significant relationship with the daily number of cyclists. However, when all three variables were entered into the model together, temperature was by far the most influential variable while precipitation was also statistically significant. Snow depth was not significant in the model, and it is obvious that its role is dependent on various other factors, for instance snow clearing, that was not considered in the analyses of the study. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":518219,"journal":{"name":"Liikenne-vuosikirja","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-07DOI: 10.58956/liikenne.144792
Niklas Astala, Ville Valtonen
The taxi industry is one of the few industries where quantities and maximum fare prices are still strictly controlled. However, even though large-scale shifts in regulatory structures are happening across the world, the impacts of these changes are still largely unknown. The aim of this article was to get a narrow picture of the potential effects of deregulation of the taxi industry in a European context by investigating and comparing the observed effects in two European capitals. When talking about the taxi industry, we refer to the “traditional” European taxis, meaning that digital taxi services such as Uber, Bolt etc. are excluded. The article provides an overview of the background to the regulation of the taxi industry and the most common justifications of regulation. According to the findings, deregulations of the taxi markets can have varied results even in cities with very similar regulatory structures and no specific framework for effects caused by deregulation could be made. However, the contention of whether taxi regulations are beneficial mainly focuses around quantitative and economic regulations.
{"title":"Taxi Regulation and Its Impact on User Experience in European Countries","authors":"Niklas Astala, Ville Valtonen","doi":"10.58956/liikenne.144792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58956/liikenne.144792","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The taxi industry is one of the few industries where quantities and maximum fare prices are still strictly controlled. However, even though large-scale shifts in regulatory structures are happening across the world, the impacts of these changes are still largely unknown. The aim of this article was to get a narrow picture of the potential effects of deregulation of the taxi industry in a European context by investigating and comparing the observed effects in two European capitals. When talking about the taxi industry, we refer to the “traditional” European taxis, meaning that digital taxi services such as Uber, Bolt etc. are excluded. The article provides an overview of the background to the regulation of the taxi industry and the most common justifications of regulation. According to the findings, deregulations of the taxi markets can have varied results even in cities with very similar regulatory structures and no specific framework for effects caused by deregulation could be made. However, the contention of whether taxi regulations are beneficial mainly focuses around quantitative and economic regulations. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":518219,"journal":{"name":"Liikenne-vuosikirja","volume":"16 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.58956/liikenne.143001
Patrick Huber
Dynamic parking prices, which adjust in response to changes in demand, can be a useful tool for managing parking availability and encouraging turnover. However, there are some limitations to this approach. First, it can be difficult to implement and administer, requiring complex pricing algorithms and systems to collect and process data in real-time. Additionally, dynamic pricing may not be well-received by drivers, who may perceive it as unfair or unpredictable. Parking as it stands is a relatively ‘dumb’ system, and introducing any smartness into the system will include a number of added complications that can limit the uptake and the success of the system. This paper will look into the parking problem overall, introduce dynamic parking as a potential solution, and then delve into the example of SF Park. Finally further considerations and alternate solutions will be considered in the context of dynamic parking pricing to provide context and consider further research.
{"title":"Dynamic Parking Pricing: Implementation in North America","authors":"Patrick Huber","doi":"10.58956/liikenne.143001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58956/liikenne.143001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Dynamic parking prices, which adjust in response to changes in demand, can be a useful tool for managing parking availability and encouraging turnover. However, there are some limitations to this approach. First, it can be difficult to implement and administer, requiring complex pricing algorithms and systems to collect and process data in real-time. Additionally, dynamic pricing may not be well-received by drivers, who may perceive it as unfair or unpredictable. Parking as it stands is a relatively ‘dumb’ system, and introducing any smartness into the system will include a number of added complications that can limit the uptake and the success of the system. This paper will look into the parking problem overall, introduce dynamic parking as a potential solution, and then delve into the example of SF Park. Finally further considerations and alternate solutions will be considered in the context of dynamic parking pricing to provide context and consider further research. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":518219,"journal":{"name":"Liikenne-vuosikirja","volume":"164 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140528085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.58956/liikenne.142999
Christopher Kane, Stefanos Kythreotis
As cycling gains more traction and attention as a beneficial mode of urban transportation, different factors have emerged in different regions of the world to influence its adoption and promotion. One of the most wide-spread and colloquial of these factors is that of the weather or climate of the region, and how it may facilitate or, more often, dissuade cycling practices. Although it may appear intuitive that “poor” weather shall negatively impact the amount of cycling that occurs in a region, the reliability of this intuition is challenged by example locations where cycling in “poor” winter conditions is the norm rather than the exception, or where cyclists are relatively indifferent towards rainy weather. As such, the aim of this literature review is to identify the real effects of weather on cycling behaviour in different locations and uncover relationships between secondary covariates and responses to weather. Rainfall, temperature, and wind are identified as the three most important measurable weather parameters that affect cycling behaviour. In most locations, cycling rates drop significantly when it starts to rain, temperature thresholds vary between locations, and the effect of wind is only significant when above 5 Beaufort. Several studies also reveal factors that interact with measurable weather parameters to influence behaviour in significant and seemingly complex ways. These include the trip purpose, traveller sociodemographic, the characteristics of the built environment, and perceptions of normality. The identification of these covariates and a discussion about interrelations amongst them contributes to an explanation of why weather seems to affect cyclists in some places more than in others, while also highlighting directions for future research.
{"title":"Relationships Between Weather and Cycling","authors":"Christopher Kane, Stefanos Kythreotis","doi":"10.58956/liikenne.142999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58956/liikenne.142999","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000As cycling gains more traction and attention as a beneficial mode of urban transportation, different factors have emerged in different regions of the world to influence its adoption and promotion. One of the most wide-spread and colloquial of these factors is that of the weather or climate of the region, and how it may facilitate or, more often, dissuade cycling practices. Although it may appear intuitive that “poor” weather shall negatively impact the amount of cycling that occurs in a region, the reliability of this intuition is challenged by example locations where cycling in “poor” winter conditions is the norm rather than the exception, or where cyclists are relatively indifferent towards rainy weather. As such, the aim of this literature review is to identify the real effects of weather on cycling behaviour in different locations and uncover relationships between secondary covariates and responses to weather. Rainfall, temperature, and wind are identified as the three most important measurable weather parameters that affect cycling behaviour. In most locations, cycling rates drop significantly when it starts to rain, temperature thresholds vary between locations, and the effect of wind is only significant when above 5 Beaufort. Several studies also reveal factors that interact with measurable weather parameters to influence behaviour in significant and seemingly complex ways. These include the trip purpose, traveller sociodemographic, the characteristics of the built environment, and perceptions of normality. The identification of these covariates and a discussion about interrelations amongst them contributes to an explanation of why weather seems to affect cyclists in some places more than in others, while also highlighting directions for future research. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":518219,"journal":{"name":"Liikenne-vuosikirja","volume":"265 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140528075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.58956/liikenne.142998
Joel Talvitie, Veeti Kuivalainen
This article explains some of the key attributes and factors relating to efficient bicycle networks and their expansion strategies. Varying from a network scale to brief discussion about the streetscape design, many scientific publications are referenced to explain the crucial aspects which must be taken into consideration when planning an attractive cycling network. Modal switch from other transport modes, especially from cars is one of the goals of this cycling promotion. Various methods such as building new bicycle facilities, improving the quality of existing ones and increasing the comfort and safety of the connections were found to improve the attractiveness of cycling in urban context. Additionally, this article analyses the reasons behind cyclists’ route choice as well as the metrics such as connectedness, directedness and coverage which can be used to measure the level of network functionality. Lastly, network growth under limited resources is considered and an equitable distribution of cycleways across the city is found to be important in preventing neighbourhood segregation while not being too far from a utilitarian kind of distribution in terms of return to investment.
{"title":"Efficient bicycle networks and expansion strategies","authors":"Joel Talvitie, Veeti Kuivalainen","doi":"10.58956/liikenne.142998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58956/liikenne.142998","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000This article explains some of the key attributes and factors relating to efficient bicycle networks and their expansion strategies. Varying from a network scale to brief discussion about the streetscape design, many scientific publications are referenced to explain the crucial aspects which must be taken into consideration when planning an attractive cycling network. Modal switch from other transport modes, especially from cars is one of the goals of this cycling promotion. Various methods such as building new bicycle facilities, improving the quality of existing ones and increasing the comfort and safety of the connections were found to improve the attractiveness of cycling in urban context. Additionally, this article analyses the reasons behind cyclists’ route choice as well as the metrics such as connectedness, directedness and coverage which can be used to measure the level of network functionality. Lastly, network growth under limited resources is considered and an equitable distribution of cycleways across the city is found to be important in preventing neighbourhood segregation while not being too far from a utilitarian kind of distribution in terms of return to investment. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":518219,"journal":{"name":"Liikenne-vuosikirja","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140528225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.58956/liikenne.142996
Emre Elmas, Simone Zambrin
The following Review Articles aims at reviewing available literature regarding the introduction of E-Buses in urban public transport networks, with particular focus on the scheduling constraints of both vehicles and crews. Battery Electric Buses (BEBs) are the type of E-Buses taken into consideration in this review through the lens of the Electric Vehicle Scheduling Problem (E-VSP). By introducing the planning processes and scheduling objectives that the implementation of e-buses requires, covering then the most impactful constraints that emerge with their adoption (both complete and partial), and concluding with the illustration of the five solution approaches to the scheduling problem deemed more relevant by the authors on the basis of information availability and frequency of use, the article attempts to provide the reader with holistic level information regarding the topic.
{"title":"E-Bus Scheduling","authors":"Emre Elmas, Simone Zambrin","doi":"10.58956/liikenne.142996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58956/liikenne.142996","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The following Review Articles aims at reviewing available literature regarding the introduction of E-Buses in urban public transport networks, with particular focus on the scheduling constraints of both vehicles and crews. \u0000Battery Electric Buses (BEBs) are the type of E-Buses taken into consideration in this review through the lens of the Electric Vehicle Scheduling Problem (E-VSP). \u0000By introducing the planning processes and scheduling objectives that the implementation of e-buses requires, covering then the most impactful constraints that emerge with their adoption (both complete and partial), and concluding with the illustration of the five solution approaches to the scheduling problem deemed more relevant by the authors on the basis of information availability and frequency of use, the article attempts to provide the reader with holistic level information regarding the topic. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":518219,"journal":{"name":"Liikenne-vuosikirja","volume":"296 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140528246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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