Jamba-Journal of Disaster Risk Studies最新文献

Freetown, Sierra Leone, faces increasing risks from hazards such as floods, landslides, mudslides, fires and coastal erosion, threats that are increasingly intensified by climate change. Although disaster risk management (DRM) and climate change adaptation (CCA) policies are in place, concerns persist regarding their effectiveness. This study investigates the extent to which these policies have transitioned from good intentions to effective interventions in Freetown. Employing a case study approach, the research critically examines the disaster context, reviews relevant policy frameworks and implementation processes, and identifies both enablers and barriers to effective policy execution across five informal settlements, Kroo Bay, Susans Bay, Kulvert, Kolleh Town and Dwarzack. The findings reveal systemic deficiencies in DRM and CCA, including weak legal and institutional structures, poor inter-agency coordination, inadequate enforcement, limited access to data, and ineffective risk communication. Further obstacles include insufficient community engagement, the absence of legal mechanisms for resolving DRM and CCA related disputes, corruption, political instability, underinvestment in research and technology, and inadequate urban planning. The study recommends strengthening policy and institutional frameworks, promoting integrated collaborative planning processes, and supporting community-led resilience initiatives. Key priorities include enhancing risk assessments, developing robust early warning systems (EWS), improving urban planning, and fostering innovation through research and technology.

Contribution: The study identifies key measures for effective DRM and CCA in Freetown, including community inclusion, capacity building, financial mechanisms, data management, risk communication, and resilient infrastructure development, especially for "at-risk" communities.

Stunting in early childhood remains a pressing public health issue in Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, which also faces frequent environmental challenges such as droughts. These challenges necessitate innovative approaches to ensure children's health and resilience. The purpose of this research is to examine the integration of mitigation programmes with efforts to combat stunting in early infancy, addressing the dual challenge of enhancing resilience while reducing stunting prevalence. This study employs a qualitative case study approach. Participants include key stakeholders such as health staff, government agencies, and parents of stunted children. The research findings reveal that integrating mitigation programmes can significantly enhance children's resilience to adverse conditions and prevent stunting by building community capacity, educating the public on preparedness and nutrition, and improving access to health services. The study identifies significant barriers, such as difficulties in sector coordination, low public awareness of the relationship between environmental risks and stunting, and limited resources. The findings have important policy and practical implications. Policymakers should prioritise cross-sector collaboration, allocate sufficient resources, and strengthen public awareness campaigns to ensure the effectiveness of integrated programmes. Practical interventions could include targeted training for healthcare providers and educators, community engagement in nutrition initiatives, and evidence-based decision-making to address these intertwined challenges comprehensively.

Contribution: Exploration of the intersection between risk mitigation efforts and stunting prevention in early childhood provides valuable insights into how integrated programmes can enhance child resilience and prevent stunting in vulnerable communities. These findings offer actionable recommendations for improving policies and programme design in Indonesia while also serving as a reference for regions facing similar challenges globally, thereby contributing to broader discussions on public health and community resilience.

The increasing frequency and intensity of volcanic disasters present major challenges for rural communities, particularly in terms of recovery and the restoration of environmental conditions post-crisis. Despite extensive disaster management literature, gaps remain in understanding the social dynamics and historical experiences of rural populations affected by volcanic eruptions. This study investigates the role of co-production as a mitigation strategy to enhance community resilience and improve disaster response in volcano-prone rural areas. The research focuses on two rural villages in Indonesia: Pandansari, located on the slopes of Mount Kelud in Malang Regency, and Kemiren, situated on the slopes of Mount Merapi in Magelang Regency. A qualitative research paradigm was employed, using a life history approach to collect in-depth narratives from community members. Sixteen participants were purposively selected across both villages. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions, followed by thematic analysis to identify key patterns and themes. Findings indicate that local knowledge systems play a critical role in shaping community behaviours and responses to volcanic disasters. These systems enable communities to mobilise public goods and restore livelihoods in ways that reflect pre-disaster norms and conditions. Integrating co-production strategies into disaster management practices can significantly improve community resilience and the effectiveness of response mechanisms.

Contribution: This study advances the understanding of how historical context and local knowledge inform disaster responses in rural settings, offering practical implications for participatory and community-based disaster risk reduction.

Mosquito-borne diseases can cause public health disasters. Climatic and environmental conditions, urbanisation, changes in land use, and the increased movement of people and goods worldwide are causing their increased transmission. Mauritius is especially at risk being situated in a vulnerable geographical region. In this study, we used geographical tools to identify potential drivers and vulnerability areas related to dengue fever in the island. Dengue cases were identified by municipal ward (MW) and village council area (VCA). Meteorological data consisted of rainfall and temperature data. The Relative Development Index (RDI) was used as a proxy for socioeconomic factors. The population density and the number of houses in close proximity to rivers were determined per VCA and MW. Maps were generated on the software QGIS 3.12. Statistical tests consisted of multiple regression analysis with dengue incidence as the dependent variable and potential drivers as the independent variables. The results showed that the close proximity of houses to rivers had a significant positive effect on dengue incidence (p = 0.03) while the RDI had a significant negative effect (p = 0.01). Vulnerability areas in the island can hence be determined based on the findings.

Contribution: The findings of this study allow preemptive measures to be taken in identified vulnerability areas to prevent mosquito-borne disease outbreaks.

Disaster preparedness behaviour in Indonesia is still considered low. The purpose of this study is to understand the factors that influence the disaster preparedness behaviour of tourist village managers around Mount Merapi. This study is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. Data were collected through a focus group discussion (FGD), with 32 participants in 3 sessions with 10-11 participants per session. The data were analysed using Collaizi's approach by reading the transcripts to obtain an overview and insight, extracting important statements, formulating meaning using codes and grouping into themes. We examined factors influencing disaster preparedness of tourist village managers in Mount Merapi using the PRECEDE component guide from the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. The results of this study indicated that seven themes were found related to the disaster preparedness factors of tourist village managers: four themes related to predisposing factors, namely, belief, knowledge, risk perception and experience; two themes related to enabling factors, namely, availability of infrastructure and training; and one theme related to reinforcing factors, namely, support from various parties.

Contribution: By knowing all three factors that drive behaviour - predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors - interventions can be more comprehensive, targeting not only the initial motivation for behaviour change but also the necessary resources and ongoing support for sustainability. This holistic approach is critical to achieving behavioural change in disaster preparedness behaviour among tourism village managers.

This study examines the challenges and risks in managing evacuations and distribution logistics after tsunamis triggered by earthquakes, focusing on Padang City. Key issues include inadequate evacuation routes, delayed information dissemination and inefficient logistical coordination, compounded by the city's topography. Data were collected from 20 key informants, structured interviews and questionnaires involving stakeholders with direct operational experience in disaster response, such as the Regional Disaster Management Agency, the Transportation Office and the Social Affairs Office. The failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) method identified and prioritised potential failure modes based on risk priority number (RPN) values. The analysis revealed that the most critical risks in evacuation include damaged evacuation routes, lack of public knowledge about safe routes and heavy traffic congestion. The most significant dangers for logistics were post-earthquake telephone network disruptions, long delivery times and vehicle capacity limitations. These risks were found to hinder practical response efforts significantly. The study recommends targeted mitigation strategies such as strengthening communication systems, improving evacuation route infrastructure and increasing preparedness among communities and authorities. These findings offer practical insights to enhance disaster risk reduction and emergency logistics planning in coastal cities vulnerable to tsunamis.

Contribution: Research addresses critical gaps in tsunami evacuation and logistics management by analysing risks using FMEA techniques. The study highlights gaps in infrastructure, social dynamics and policies on urban resilience and disaster risk reduction. By emphasising practical strategies to mitigate key risks such as communication breakdowns and logistics coordination, the study provides actionable insights to improve disaster preparedness and response.

The increasing frequency of hazards such as floods, droughts, socio-political unrest, emerging diseases and rising temperatures has affected South Africa. In line with the Sendai Framework Principles (2015-2030), which anticipate that these hazards can deplete local resources and lead to disaster declarations, this empirical study investigated community vulnerabilities in Tswaing informal settlement during South Africa's dry winter season. Researchers collaborated with community leaders and officials from the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality to gain access to the study area. Using vulnerability capitals, hazard indicators were systematically identified and recorded according to a standard vulnerability assessment formula. Seven groups of students from the Environmental Health Programme at Tshwane University of Technology undertook transit walks throughout the settlement. RG101 drones equipped with Global Positioning System and smartphone connectivity were utilised for imaging and to survey inaccessible areas.

Contribution: The vulnerability levels of each capital, along with corresponding indicators and trigger points observed during the transit walks, were calculated. The results indicated that while the community demonstrates a degree of resilience and adaptive capacity, several critical weaknesses remain. These include prevalent illegal electricity connections and poor waste and water quality management. The study highlights the significant role of public participation in hazard management, emphasising the importance of community engagement to ensure water quality management, basic hygiene and electricity safety awareness. These participatory measures are essential for raising awareness about potential hazards and reducing the risk of subsequent disasters.

Roads form part of the essential physical infrastructure but face numerous external threats throughout their lifespan ranging from physical, meteorological and even operational threats. With climate change, roads are becoming increasingly vulnerable to adverse events, with an urgent need for building resilience in this type of critical infrastructure. This study focused on the adaptation of the Critical Infrastructure Elements Resilience Assessment (CIERA) method for measuring the resilience of road infrastructure with respect to climate-related events. A qualitative approach was adopted to identify the parameters to be measured under the three main components of the CIERA framework, namely robustness, recoverability and adaptability. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with a purposive sample of 15 experts in the transportation field working in both the public and private sector. This yielded the various indicators of road infrastructure resilience for inclusion in the CIERA framework.

Contribution: The study identified 32 indicators to be assessed for road infrastructure resilience. The most cited ones for the robustness component include the implementation of protective security measures, adoption of new design standards and availability of alternative routes, whereas for the recoverability component, fund allocation, pre-approved response plans and agreements with third parties for help during disasters have been most highlighted by interviewees. Lastly, appropriate risk management practices, investment in technological innovation and provision of training are considered important aspects for the adaptability component. The framework can be applied in the road transportation sector to assess the level of resilience and guide decisions at strategic levels for investment.

This study investigates the awareness of geological hazards and disaster preparedness among communities in Catanduanes, Philippines. The research employs a descriptive survey method, utilising a validated questionnaire to assess knowledge and awareness across five key areas: basic disaster knowledge, geological hazard understanding, capacity building, preparedness and response, and post-disaster management. The findings reveal a complex landscape of community awareness. While respondents show strong recognition of common disasters like earthquakes and typhoons, there is limited understanding of a broader range of geological hazards. The study identifies significant communication gaps between government agencies and the public, particularly in disseminating disaster-related information. The study also notes a concerning lack of confidence among respondents regarding their disaster preparedness and the government's readiness to face disasters. Based on these findings, the study recommends enhancing public education and communication strategies, particularly focusing on comprehensive hazard awareness, evacuation protocols and long-term recovery processes. The research underscores the importance of leveraging modern communication platforms and addressing gender disparities in information dissemination to build a more resilient community in Catanduanes.

Contribution: This study provides valuable insights for policymakers, educators and disaster management professionals, providing a foundation for targeted interventions to improve geological hazard awareness and disaster preparedness in the region.

Urbanity is facing a growing threat of pluvial flooding due to rampant urbanisation and transformations combined with insufficient drainage systems. This situation becomes aggravated by flat topography and heavy rainfall, especially in poorly drained areas. Assessing flood vulnerability at the community level using the Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI) is essential for effective urban planning and flood risk management. The FVI consists of four key components: physical, environmental, social and economic. Physical factors encompass topography, rainfall and drainage systems, while environmental factors involve green spaces and retention zones. Social factors pertain to population density and community awareness, whereas economic factors relate to potential revenue losses and recovery capacity. The FVI was calculated using both secondary data and field observations, based on exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. High population density, low green area ratio and poor drainage conditions are associated with high FVI, while when accompanied by higher environmental support and adaptive capacity in the community, lower vulnerability was observed.

Contribution: This study highlights the comprehensive application of the FVI in urban flood risk management. The findings emphasise the need for systematic improvements in drainage infrastructure, sustainable management of natural resources and strategic land-use planning to enhance flood risk reduction. These insights provide a valuable contribution to the advancement of flood risk assessment and management frameworks, supporting more resilient urban planning strategies.