Jamba-Journal of Disaster Risk Studies最新文献

This study examines the multidimensional factors that influence the resilience of older persons in responding to and recovering from flood hazard in the Madura Island, Indonesia. Using Spearman correlation analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the study evaluates key demographic, health, risk perception, institutional and attitudinal characteristics that shape disaster resilience. A structured survey was conducted with 399 older persons across four districts: Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan and Sumenep. The findings indicate that age, health status, prior flood experience, institutional support and disaster preparedness play a significant role in shaping resilience. Critical indicators include gender, the use of mobility aids, need for activity assistance, access to emergency services, physical limitations and overall health condition. These findings underscore the necessity of a comprehensive approach to disaster management. The results highlight the strong interconnection between demographic and health-related factors, emphasising the necessity of a holistic, multidimensional approach to disaster management. These findings reinforce existing research, advocating for targeted interventions to enhance the resilience of older adults in disaster-prone regions.

Contribution: A holistic and integrated approach to disaster management is crucial for reducing vulnerability and enhancing the resilience of the older adults in the community. These findings aim to contribute to better protection for older individuals, particularly as the frequency and severity of floods continue to rise.

This research is focused on disaster risk communication management and local community engagement during the Mount Semeru eruption in 2021. The problem faced by the East Java regional government, regency governments and the regional disaster management and mitigation agency (Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana [BNPBD]) is the unavailability of communication protocols and strategies in the event of a disaster and mitigation coordination for follow-up programmes. In communicating disaster risk, the government is considered most appropriate as a risk communicator.

Contribution: The study examines the risk communication process carried out by the government and the risk messages it conveys and explores the perceptions of stakeholders. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of risk communication for disaster mitigation and as an early warning system and focuses on the role of community involvement in disaster mitigation efforts. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through a review of government documents, literature studies, direct observation by observing government programmes and in-depth interviews with 35 selected informants who live in disaster-prone areas in Lumajang and Jember regencies. The study suggests that, during the Mount Semeru eruptions, both the central and regional governments must carry out risk communication management in handling and responding to the public's need for information related to disasters.

Saudi citizens' perceptions of community stakeholders involved with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were assessed using the Protective Action Decision Model (PADM) model. Responses of 329 employees and students of King Abdulaziz University were analysed for their perceptions and protective actions taken in response to the risk of contracted COVID-19. Respondents rated the effectiveness in protecting themselves from COVID-19 by implementing six protective actions: staying home, physical distancing, cleaning surfaces, washing hands, using hand sanitiser and wearing a mask. They also reported the extent to which they had executed those protective actions. In addition, they rated six stakeholders: the Ministry of Health, government officials, news media, social media, peers (friends and relatives), and immediate family members on four characteristics. The extent to which each could be trusted, was responsible for their protection, had the knowledge needed to deal with the pandemic, and were relied upon for COVID-19 information. The results showed that perceived response efficacy is the strongest predictor of protective action implementation, and perceptions of the Ministry of Health are the best predictor of perceived response efficacy. These results have important practical implications that government agencies should address in future pandemics.

Contribution: There is limited understanding about the Saudi citizens' perception of stakeholders, especially with regard to the protective actions taken in response to COVID-19. Using the Protective Action Decision Model (PADM), this study provides insights into effectiveness of stakeholders and protective action in Saudi Arabia.

Drought presents a major challenge to agriculture and rural livelihoods, particularly in countries like Indonesia, which feature diverse topography and unpredictable rainfall patterns. This study addresses the critical need for a sustainable approach to mitigate drought risks by employing a 'sustainability trilogy' approach that integrates economic, social, and environmental dimensions. The research objectives are to: (1) identify potential risks and impacts of drought, (2) evaluate water management programmes and technologies to combat drought, and (3) apply the three pillars of sustainable development through the sustainability trilogy as a framework for drought disaster mitigation. A case study methodology was employed, focusing on Lombok, Indonesia, where water management systems and agricultural practices were examined. Data collection involved field observations, interviews, and focus group discussions (FGDs) with local farmers, irrigation managers, and community leaders. A thematic analysis combined with expert judgement analysis was used to evaluate the effectiveness of water conservation techniques, land management, and climate adaptation policies. The findings indicate that short-term solutions, such as optimising reservoirs and water storage systems, significantly reduce immediate drought impacts. Medium-term strategies, including community-driven water conservation efforts and sustainable land management practices, enhance resilience to drought. Long-term policies, such as climate adaptation initiatives and artificial rain technologies, are vital for ensuring sustainable water resource management in the context of climate change.

Contribution: This research provides valuable insights and a practical framework for policymakers, aimed at strengthening water resilience, agriculture, and community sustainability in drought-prone regions.

This study explores the ways that volunteers help in overcoming the negative impacts of disasters. The direction of this research is the production of guiding data for roadmaps for strengthening the capacity of volunteers as the spearhead of disaster risk reduction. The purpose of the study was to find out how the volunteers' helping behaviour provides post-disaster psychosocial support. Two kinds of studies (multimethod) were conducted to answer the research questions. Study 1 was conducted on three volunteer participants, using the phenomenological method. Analysis of research data using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Study 2 was conducted on 69 volunteer respondents, using a survey method with open-ended questions to determine respondents' perceptions of the meaning of helping and the meaning of psychosocial support. The results of data integration found five themes in helping behaviour which included the values of volunteers and their goals, motivation and attitudes in helping, cooperation with other parties, as well as special themes/other findings in the form of mottos owned by volunteers.

Contribution: The meaning of helping volunteers, which is a form of caring, satisfaction, self-meaningfulness, self-spirituality, behaviour that aims to lighten the burden on others, restore other people's conditions to be better, and provide assistance. The meaning of psychosocial support includes seven themes, namely: material, non-material, relieving the burden, dealing with certain circumstances or objects, relating to the subject or person, recovery and help or support.

Climate change and natural hazards such as floods, earthquakes and tsunamis pose a serious threat to coastal communities, including the Mentawai, West Sumatra, Indonesia. This research aims to explore and integrate the indigenous knowledge of Mentawai people in disaster mitigation and climate change adaptation. Using mixed methods research with a sequential explanatory model, quantitative data were collected from 106 respondents through a cross-sectional survey, while qualitative data were obtained through interviews with nine participants, including village officials, religious leaders and local residents. Results show that the majority of the community understands and practices indigenous knowledge such as reading natural signs, the traditional ritual Tinapat and the use of traditional kentongan. These practices help them prepare for and adapt to the impacts of earthquakes, tsunamis and coastal abrasion. However, the application of indigenous knowledge is still limited and is only done occasionally by most respondents. Climate change has a significant impact, such as increased coastal abrasion, decreased agricultural yields and changes in seasonal patterns, which affects people's livelihoods. In addition, religion plays an important role in raising environmental awareness through rituals, prayers and sermons. Government support to integrate indigenous knowledge into mitigation policies is still considered to need improvement. Community expectations include improving education, environmental awareness and the provision of supporting facilities and technology. This research concludes that the synergies between indigenous knowledge, cross-sector collaboration and culture-based policy support can increase community resilience to disasters and climate change in a sustainable manner.

Contribution: This research contributes by enriching the literature on the integration of indigenous knowledge in disaster mitigation and climate change adaptation, especially in coastal indigenous communities. The results are expected to be a reference in the development of sustainable culture-based policies, as well as supporting the improvement of community resilience to environmental threats through synergies among local traditions, education and technological support.

Small businesses, which were disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, often lack the resources for effective operational risk management (ORM), with existing frameworks like International Standardization Organization (ISO) 31000 proving too complex and resource-intensive. There is, however, still minimal research into ORM frameworks tailored to the needs of Small, Micro, and Medium Enterprises (SMMEs) facing disaster risks. This study developed and evaluated a tailored ORM framework for SMMEs to manage operational risk exposures from future disasters like COVID-19. A simplified approach was proposed, consisting of three stages: risk identification or disaster preparedness, risk analysis or disaster learning and risk treatment or building enterprise resilience. The framework was empirically tested on data from 208 tourism industry SMMEs using a quantitative research approach. Correlation analysis, structural equation modelling (SEM) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used to assess the framework's applicability to businesses of different ages, sizes and subsectors. Results from correlations and SEM confirmed the proposed ORM framework's effectiveness in explaining disaster preparedness, learning and resilience for SMMEs. Additionally, ANOVA results showed the framework was equally applicable across business subsectors, but across business age and size, it was not equally applicable. Larger and older businesses were able to implement disaster learning and resilience better than younger and less resourced businesses.

Contribution: This research advances ORM within tourism SMMEs, proposing a simplified process validated by empirical findings demonstrating its effectiveness in proactive risk management and resilience during disaster incidents.

Firefighting is one of the most physically demanding, dangerous, and stressful jobs, constituting several physical activities, which include moving equipment up the stairs in tall buildings and deploying charged hoses. In fire management, structured training exercises are fire drills used to prepare staff for successful responses to fires situations. Firefighters, emergency responders, and other pertinent people can practice responding to a real fire by simulating real-life fire events. However, South African fire departments and stations, particularly in Mpumalanga, Nkangala district, are failing to comply with the regulations because they are not conducting these fire drills once a month. This failure to conduct fire drills has resulted in the loss of skills and knowledge. Poor service delivery has become the norm and prevalent. This study aimed to investigate if fire drills can improve the operational efficacy and psychological state of firefighters. The study adopted a quantitative research approach and collected data from randomly sampled participants who work at fire stations located in Nkangala district in Mpumalanga province in South Africa. The Wilcoxon signed-rank statistical test revealed that fire drills do improve operational efficacy and the psychological state of firefighters, demonstrating that fire drills are a key component of fire department's performance. This study recommends that fire drills must be mandatory for fire departments in South Africa.

Contribution: The study's findings showed that fire exercises enhance firefighters' performance and have a favourable effect on their mental health.

Households in developing countries have established various informal mechanisms to cope with unanticipated disasters such as droughts. Understanding these strategies in the context of climate change will enhance the design of locally applicable adaptation mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate a South African rural community's adaptive mechanisms during- and ex-post-drought. Questionnaires were administered to 200 household heads, and five focus group discussions were held with selected community members. An index was computed to establish each adaptive mechanism's importance (termed the rank order) relative to its use in the study area. During droughts, borrowing from neighbours was the most commonly used mechanism by households with no savings, while sharecropping was the second most used mechanism. Ex-post-droughts, using savings was the primary strategy for community members who had savings, followed by seeking employment as the second most used strategy.

Contribution: Findings from the study suggest that the community is highly vulnerable to droughts and disaster risks because of poor adaptive mechanisms, overreliance on water-dependent activities and lack of adequate support from different stakeholders. Community members use different mechanisms during- and ex-post-drought, depending on the stage or severity of the drought. The government and stakeholders should promote community awareness and early warning systems for droughts to mitigate disaster risks. These initiatives should ideally be combined with strengthening existing response measures and educating communities to adequately prepare for droughts and their aftermath.