Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.37256/jeee.3220244886
Y. O. M. Sekyere, F. Effah, P. Okyere
This paper presents a novel Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model for Load Frequency Control (LFC) with an expanded input configuration, incorporating the integral of the area control error (ACE) alongside the traditional ACE and its derivative. This additional input captures historical ACE trends, enhancing the ANFIS control performance. The ANFIS training dataset, comprising ACE error, its derivative, and integral, is generated using a PID controller tuned by a variant of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm called an Adaptive Dynamic Inertia Weight Acceleration Coefficient (ADIWACO). Its evaluation on a three-area power system with renewable energy sources (RES) includes comparative analysis with PID, traditional 2-input ANFIS, Fuzzy Logic, and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) controllers. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed 3-input ANFIS controller in terms of performance metrics, consisting of overshoot, undershoot, settling time, steady-state error, and Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE). Notably, the proposed ANFIS model shows a significant 75.89% improvement in ITAE value over the traditional 2-input ANFIS when communication delays and governor dead band constraints are considered, underscoring the significant impact of the additional input. System parameters variation of ±25%, further confirms the controller's robustness to uncertain model parameters. This study contributes to advancing real-world application of ANFIS controllers for LFC in interconnected power systems integrated with the two most widely developed renewable resources, namely solar and wind power plants.
{"title":"A Novel ANFIS Controller for LFC in RES Integrated Three-Area Power System","authors":"Y. O. M. Sekyere, F. Effah, P. Okyere","doi":"10.37256/jeee.3220244886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/jeee.3220244886","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model for Load Frequency Control (LFC) with an expanded input configuration, incorporating the integral of the area control error (ACE) alongside the traditional ACE and its derivative. This additional input captures historical ACE trends, enhancing the ANFIS control performance. The ANFIS training dataset, comprising ACE error, its derivative, and integral, is generated using a PID controller tuned by a variant of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm called an Adaptive Dynamic Inertia Weight Acceleration Coefficient (ADIWACO). Its evaluation on a three-area power system with renewable energy sources (RES) includes comparative analysis with PID, traditional 2-input ANFIS, Fuzzy Logic, and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) controllers. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed 3-input ANFIS controller in terms of performance metrics, consisting of overshoot, undershoot, settling time, steady-state error, and Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE). Notably, the proposed ANFIS model shows a significant 75.89% improvement in ITAE value over the traditional 2-input ANFIS when communication delays and governor dead band constraints are considered, underscoring the significant impact of the additional input. System parameters variation of ±25%, further confirms the controller's robustness to uncertain model parameters. This study contributes to advancing real-world application of ANFIS controllers for LFC in interconnected power systems integrated with the two most widely developed renewable resources, namely solar and wind power plants.","PeriodicalId":518396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":"21 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141925521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.37256/jeee.3220244748
Yong-Zhi Su, Wen-Shan Chen
This article introduces an antenna design for smartwatch applications, with an overall size is 45 × 45 × 5.4 mm3. All antenna elements adopt the IFA (Inverted-F antennas) structures. The application bands include Global Positioning System (GPS), Wi-Fi 6E/7 with 2.4 GHz, 5.2 GHz, 5.8 GHz and 6 GHz bands, 4G LTE (Long Term Evolution) with B2 and B4, 5G n41, n77, n78, n79 bands, covering all Wi-Fi 6E/7 and the mainly bands of 5G FR1 bands. Additionally, this design also reserves a frequency band in the 6G mid-high band (6–9 GHz), ensures that design can be suitable for next generation of wireless systems. Furthermore, the antenna element designed for switching B2 and B4 bands to reduce the occupied space of the element. The design with five antennas and good performances can be applied to the bands of 4G, 5G FR1, and Wi-Fi 6E/7 systems in smartwatch applications.
{"title":"Multi-Band Antennas for 4G, 5G FR1 and Wi-Fi 6E/7 Bands in Smartwatch Devices","authors":"Yong-Zhi Su, Wen-Shan Chen","doi":"10.37256/jeee.3220244748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/jeee.3220244748","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces an antenna design for smartwatch applications, with an overall size is 45 × 45 × 5.4 mm3. All antenna elements adopt the IFA (Inverted-F antennas) structures. The application bands include Global Positioning System (GPS), Wi-Fi 6E/7 with 2.4 GHz, 5.2 GHz, 5.8 GHz and 6 GHz bands, 4G LTE (Long Term Evolution) with B2 and B4, 5G n41, n77, n78, n79 bands, covering all Wi-Fi 6E/7 and the mainly bands of 5G FR1 bands. Additionally, this design also reserves a frequency band in the 6G mid-high band (6–9 GHz), ensures that design can be suitable for next generation of wireless systems. Furthermore, the antenna element designed for switching B2 and B4 bands to reduce the occupied space of the element. The design with five antennas and good performances can be applied to the bands of 4G, 5G FR1, and Wi-Fi 6E/7 systems in smartwatch applications.","PeriodicalId":518396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.37256/jeee.3220244469
T. K. Das, Sayan Chatterjee
The design of a fourth-order centrally corrugated double-folded hairpin line bandpass filter with a broad stopband and enhanced selectivity is demonstrated in this article. Initially, a double-folded hairpin-line bandpass filter (DFHLBF) is designed from a fourth-order conventional hairpin-line bandpass filter (CHLBF), which is centred at 2.5 GHz and has a fractional bandwidth of 3%. This results in a 68% size reduction. With this folding mechanism, the filter's skirt characteristic is only enhanced at the upper passband edge, resulting in an attenuation level of 40 dB at 2.65 GHz. The capacitive loading has then been incorporated by periodic rectangular corrugations that have disturbed the folded arms. Because of the high capacitive coupling between the folded arms, a symmetrical passband with an attenuation level better than 40 dB at both edges has been observed. Besides, a size reduction of 14% than that for the DFHLBF has been achieved. However, because of the imbalance of the modal phase velocities in the inhomogeneous microstrip filter construction, the stopband's attenuation level climbs to 8 dB. Rectangular meander spurlines have been added between the connected arms of the neighbouring centrally corrugated cells of the filters as a way to lower the attenuation levels of the harmonics. This creates a slow-wave effect between the odd- and even-modes of the propagating signals. This results in an overall size reduction of 81% over the standard hairpin-line filter and an enlarged stopband of up to 4.36f0 with a rejection level of 42 dB.
{"title":"Enhanced Harmonic Suppression for a Miniaturized Hairpin-Line Bandpass Filter with Meander Spurline","authors":"T. K. Das, Sayan Chatterjee","doi":"10.37256/jeee.3220244469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/jeee.3220244469","url":null,"abstract":"The design of a fourth-order centrally corrugated double-folded hairpin line bandpass filter with a broad stopband and enhanced selectivity is demonstrated in this article. Initially, a double-folded hairpin-line bandpass filter (DFHLBF) is designed from a fourth-order conventional hairpin-line bandpass filter (CHLBF), which is centred at 2.5 GHz and has a fractional bandwidth of 3%. This results in a 68% size reduction. With this folding mechanism, the filter's skirt characteristic is only enhanced at the upper passband edge, resulting in an attenuation level of 40 dB at 2.65 GHz. The capacitive loading has then been incorporated by periodic rectangular corrugations that have disturbed the folded arms. Because of the high capacitive coupling between the folded arms, a symmetrical passband with an attenuation level better than 40 dB at both edges has been observed. Besides, a size reduction of 14% than that for the DFHLBF has been achieved. However, because of the imbalance of the modal phase velocities in the inhomogeneous microstrip filter construction, the stopband's attenuation level climbs to 8 dB. Rectangular meander spurlines have been added between the connected arms of the neighbouring centrally corrugated cells of the filters as a way to lower the attenuation levels of the harmonics. This creates a slow-wave effect between the odd- and even-modes of the propagating signals. This results in an overall size reduction of 81% over the standard hairpin-line filter and an enlarged stopband of up to 4.36f0 with a rejection level of 42 dB.","PeriodicalId":518396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":"72 s309","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.37256/jeee.3120244530
José M. Campos-Salazar, Ariel Viani-Abad, Rodrigo Sandoval-García
Exploring the fundamental principles of system modeling in electrical engineering, this study delves into the transformative power of the d-q transformation, highlighting its pivotal role in rendering time-varying systems into a coherent steady-state representation. Departing from conventional approaches, the study navigates the complexities of single-phase transformer configurations, utilizing the Clarke and Park transformations to seamlessly transition between electrical coordinates and the d-q frame. Through extensive derivations, dynamic equations are formulated in both α-β and d-q coordinates, providing a detailed understanding of system dynamics under specific loads. In addition, the study extends the analysis to a generalized multi-winding transformer model that accommodates a wide range of transformer setups. With detailed mathematical derivations, insightful visual aids, and clear state-space representations, this work attempt to be a resource for researchers seeking to unravel the intricacies of electrical system modeling and analysis.
{"title":"Modeling and Simulation of a Single-Phase Linear Multi-Winding Transformer in the d-q Frame","authors":"José M. Campos-Salazar, Ariel Viani-Abad, Rodrigo Sandoval-García","doi":"10.37256/jeee.3120244530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/jeee.3120244530","url":null,"abstract":"Exploring the fundamental principles of system modeling in electrical engineering, this study delves into the transformative power of the d-q transformation, highlighting its pivotal role in rendering time-varying systems into a coherent steady-state representation. Departing from conventional approaches, the study navigates the complexities of single-phase transformer configurations, utilizing the Clarke and Park transformations to seamlessly transition between electrical coordinates and the d-q frame. Through extensive derivations, dynamic equations are formulated in both α-β and d-q coordinates, providing a detailed understanding of system dynamics under specific loads. In addition, the study extends the analysis to a generalized multi-winding transformer model that accommodates a wide range of transformer setups. With detailed mathematical derivations, insightful visual aids, and clear state-space representations, this work attempt to be a resource for researchers seeking to unravel the intricacies of electrical system modeling and analysis.","PeriodicalId":518396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141375513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.37256/jeee.3120244607
S. S. Kumar, Vismaya N Sasi, Vaanisha Murali
Alzheimer's disease poses significant challenges as it progressively erodes memory and identity, severely impacting daily functioning. Patients often experience disorientation, wandering, and are at risk of falls, leading to heightened concerns for caregivers. These difficulties can result in a loss of independence and increased caregiver burden. In response to these challenges, this study introduces an innovative assistive system designed to enhance the safety and quality of life for Alzheimer's patients. The system comprises of two main components: a smart arm band and a facial recognition system. The smart arm band is equipped with a suite of sensors including GPS, accelerometer, and heart rate sensor. These sensors enable real-time monitoring of the patient's location, movement, and physiological parameters. By leveraging these data streams, caregivers can track the patient's activities, detect falls or emergencies, and provide timely assistance when needed. The facial recognition system employs state-of-the-art machine learning techniques, specifically the CAFFE and Local Binary Patterns Histograms (LBPH), to recognize familiar faces in the patient's environment. This capability promotes social interaction and enhances the patient's sense of familiarity and security. Through rigorous testing, the facial recognition system achieves an impressive accuracy of 97% with a low error rate of 3%, validating its effectiveness in real-world scenarios. Overall, the integrative assistive system presented in this study offers a promising solution to address the multifaceted challenges associated with Alzheimer's disease. This system provides caregivers with invaluable support in ensuring the safety and well-being of Alzheimer's patients while fostering social engagement and autonomy.
{"title":"Alzheimer's Patient Support System Based on IoT and ML","authors":"S. S. Kumar, Vismaya N Sasi, Vaanisha Murali","doi":"10.37256/jeee.3120244607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/jeee.3120244607","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer's disease poses significant challenges as it progressively erodes memory and identity, severely impacting daily functioning. Patients often experience disorientation, wandering, and are at risk of falls, leading to heightened concerns for caregivers. These difficulties can result in a loss of independence and increased caregiver burden. In response to these challenges, this study introduces an innovative assistive system designed to enhance the safety and quality of life for Alzheimer's patients. The system comprises of two main components: a smart arm band and a facial recognition system. The smart arm band is equipped with a suite of sensors including GPS, accelerometer, and heart rate sensor. These sensors enable real-time monitoring of the patient's location, movement, and physiological parameters. By leveraging these data streams, caregivers can track the patient's activities, detect falls or emergencies, and provide timely assistance when needed. The facial recognition system employs state-of-the-art machine learning techniques, specifically the CAFFE and Local Binary Patterns Histograms (LBPH), to recognize familiar faces in the patient's environment. This capability promotes social interaction and enhances the patient's sense of familiarity and security. Through rigorous testing, the facial recognition system achieves an impressive accuracy of 97% with a low error rate of 3%, validating its effectiveness in real-world scenarios. Overall, the integrative assistive system presented in this study offers a promising solution to address the multifaceted challenges associated with Alzheimer's disease. This system provides caregivers with invaluable support in ensuring the safety and well-being of Alzheimer's patients while fostering social engagement and autonomy.","PeriodicalId":518396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":"60 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141102187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.37256/jeee.3120244464
Ziping Wang, Xiangkai Yu, Yinghao Shan
The fluctuating characteristics of renewable energy generation in hybrid AC/DC microgrids, combined with timevarying loads, can result in high total harmonic distortion (THD) and distorted output voltage and current waveforms. To address these issues, a faster and more comprehensive primary and secondary hierarchical control method is required. In this paper, a faster model predictive optimization algorithm is introduced as a primary control method to predict operational states in advance, maintain a low THD state, and reduce the impact on power quality. Then, a secondary switching control is added to correct frequency and power allocation errors caused by primary control, recover microgrid voltage and frequency to their rated values, and ensure stable reactive power. Finally, simulation and comparison results prove the proposed method's effectiveness and applicability.
{"title":"Hierarchical Control of AC/DC Hybrid Microgrid Based on Primary Model Predictive Optimization and Secondary Switching Control","authors":"Ziping Wang, Xiangkai Yu, Yinghao Shan","doi":"10.37256/jeee.3120244464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/jeee.3120244464","url":null,"abstract":"The fluctuating characteristics of renewable energy generation in hybrid AC/DC microgrids, combined with timevarying loads, can result in high total harmonic distortion (THD) and distorted output voltage and current waveforms. To address these issues, a faster and more comprehensive primary and secondary hierarchical control method is required. In this paper, a faster model predictive optimization algorithm is introduced as a primary control method to predict operational states in advance, maintain a low THD state, and reduce the impact on power quality. Then, a secondary switching control is added to correct frequency and power allocation errors caused by primary control, recover microgrid voltage and frequency to their rated values, and ensure stable reactive power. Finally, simulation and comparison results prove the proposed method's effectiveness and applicability.","PeriodicalId":518396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140964042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.37256/jeee.3120244146
J. Mohammed, Abdulrazaq A. Khamees
The power pattern of the conventional fully optimized planar arrays can be properly reshaped according to the required user-defined constraints. However, the practical implementation of such fully optimized large planar arrays is complex and expensive. This paper introduces a new and efficient technique that is capable of providing better performance and almost the same power pattern shapes as that of the conventional fully optimized planar arrays by optimally adjusting the element amplitude and phase excitations of the outer-square rings instead of all elements' excitations. The proposed technique starts with a massive fully planar array then divides it into two contiguous sub-planar arrays which are both symmetric about the original array center. The elements excitation amplitudes or phases of the outer sub-planar array are only adjusted to form the desired power pattern shapes, while the amplitudes or phases of the central sub-planar array elements which have usually higher weights than the outer elements are made constants (i.e., they made ones for the case of amplitude-only control and zeros for the phase-only control). The results demonstrate the capability of the proposed planar array to form the required power patterns with far less number of the adjustable elements.
{"title":"Analysis of Performance Improvement of Planar Antenna Arrays With Optimized Square Rings for Massive MIMO Applications","authors":"J. Mohammed, Abdulrazaq A. Khamees","doi":"10.37256/jeee.3120244146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/jeee.3120244146","url":null,"abstract":"The power pattern of the conventional fully optimized planar arrays can be properly reshaped according to the required user-defined constraints. However, the practical implementation of such fully optimized large planar arrays is complex and expensive. This paper introduces a new and efficient technique that is capable of providing better performance and almost the same power pattern shapes as that of the conventional fully optimized planar arrays by optimally adjusting the element amplitude and phase excitations of the outer-square rings instead of all elements' excitations. The proposed technique starts with a massive fully planar array then divides it into two contiguous sub-planar arrays which are both symmetric about the original array center. The elements excitation amplitudes or phases of the outer sub-planar array are only adjusted to form the desired power pattern shapes, while the amplitudes or phases of the central sub-planar array elements which have usually higher weights than the outer elements are made constants (i.e., they made ones for the case of amplitude-only control and zeros for the phase-only control). The results demonstrate the capability of the proposed planar array to form the required power patterns with far less number of the adjustable elements.","PeriodicalId":518396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":"28 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.37256/jeee.3120243869
Yaw O. M. Sekyere, F. Effah, P. Okyere
The constant rise in energy demand and concerns about climate change have led to increased penetration of renewable energy sources (RES). Maintaining active power balance between generation and demand in power systems with significant penetration of these highly variable and intermittent renewable sources requires an efficient load frequency control (LFC) strategy. One such strategy that has gained the attention of researchers is optimal tuning of PID controllers of LFC using metaheuristic method. This paper presents a PSO variant for optimal tuning of PID controllers for load frequency control of power system integrated with renewable energy resources. The proposed PID tuning technique is tested on a two-area power system commonly used in the literature. Seven scenarios have been used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed Load Frequency Control. For more realistic evaluation, governor dead band and communication time delays have been incorporated in the test system in one of the scenarios. Simulation results obtained when compared with those of three well-known PID-tuning metaheuristic algorithms produced shorter settling time and smaller frequency and tie line power deviations.
{"title":"Optimal Tuning of PID Controllers for LFC in Renewable Energy Source Integrated Power Systems Using an Improved PSO","authors":"Yaw O. M. Sekyere, F. Effah, P. Okyere","doi":"10.37256/jeee.3120243869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/jeee.3120243869","url":null,"abstract":"The constant rise in energy demand and concerns about climate change have led to increased penetration of renewable energy sources (RES). Maintaining active power balance between generation and demand in power systems with significant penetration of these highly variable and intermittent renewable sources requires an efficient load frequency control (LFC) strategy. One such strategy that has gained the attention of researchers is optimal tuning of PID controllers of LFC using metaheuristic method. This paper presents a PSO variant for optimal tuning of PID controllers for load frequency control of power system integrated with renewable energy resources. The proposed PID tuning technique is tested on a two-area power system commonly used in the literature. Seven scenarios have been used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed Load Frequency Control. For more realistic evaluation, governor dead band and communication time delays have been incorporated in the test system in one of the scenarios. Simulation results obtained when compared with those of three well-known PID-tuning metaheuristic algorithms produced shorter settling time and smaller frequency and tie line power deviations.","PeriodicalId":518396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140531724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-09DOI: 10.37256/jeee.3120243868
Yaw O. M. Sekyere, F. Effah, P. Okyere
The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm counts among the most popular metaheuristic algorithms based on swarm intelligence. Since the publication of the first article on this optimization technique, researchers have developed many PSO variants with some improvement in its performance. The PSO optimization performance hinges on its ability to achieve a good exploration-exploitation balance. The most common method that helps to improve exploration-exploitation balance is modifying the PSO three controlling parameters, namely the inertia weight and two acceleration coefficients. In this paper a PSO variant that combines adaptive dynamic inertia weight and adaptive dynamic acceleration coefficients to enhance the exploration-exploitation balance of the PSO is proposed. The enhanced PSO algorithm called Adaptive Dynamic Inertia Weight and Acceleration Coefficient Optimization (ADIWACO) algorithm is tested on seven well-known standard test functions comprising four unimodal and three multimodal ones. The performance of the PSO is then compared with that of the standard PSO (SPSO) and four existing PSO variants. The experimental results comprising optimum value, runtime, mean value, standard deviation and convergence rate, and confirmed by the results of ranking statistics and Wilcoxon signed rank test conducted on the experimental results, indicate significantly better performance by the proposed PSO algorithm.
{"title":"An Enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm via Adaptive Dynamic Inertia Weight and Acceleration Coefficients","authors":"Yaw O. M. Sekyere, F. Effah, P. Okyere","doi":"10.37256/jeee.3120243868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/jeee.3120243868","url":null,"abstract":"The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm counts among the most popular metaheuristic algorithms based on swarm intelligence. Since the publication of the first article on this optimization technique, researchers have developed many PSO variants with some improvement in its performance. The PSO optimization performance hinges on its ability to achieve a good exploration-exploitation balance. The most common method that helps to improve exploration-exploitation balance is modifying the PSO three controlling parameters, namely the inertia weight and two acceleration coefficients. In this paper a PSO variant that combines adaptive dynamic inertia weight and adaptive dynamic acceleration coefficients to enhance the exploration-exploitation balance of the PSO is proposed. The enhanced PSO algorithm called Adaptive Dynamic Inertia Weight and Acceleration Coefficient Optimization (ADIWACO) algorithm is tested on seven well-known standard test functions comprising four unimodal and three multimodal ones. The performance of the PSO is then compared with that of the standard PSO (SPSO) and four existing PSO variants. The experimental results comprising optimum value, runtime, mean value, standard deviation and convergence rate, and confirmed by the results of ranking statistics and Wilcoxon signed rank test conducted on the experimental results, indicate significantly better performance by the proposed PSO algorithm.","PeriodicalId":518396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140531745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.37256/jeee.3120243867
Khairul Alam
We investigate the influence of phonon scattering on the transport properties and performance metrics of a monolayer n-channel black phosphorus transistor within a four-band tight binding Hamiltonian, employing a recursive Green's function algorithm and Buttiker probe scattering model. Our analysis reveals that electron-phonon scattering significantly degrades the on-state current, while its effects in the subthreshold region are found to be negligible. Further examination identifies optical phonons as the primary contributors to the degradation of on-state current, with acoustic phonons playing a less prominent role. The ballisticity of the device declines from 42% to 24% when transitioning from solely acoustic phonon scattering to the combined influence of acoustic and optical phonons. Expanding the placement of Buttiker probes from beneath the gate region to cover the entire path from source to drain results in a further 48% reduction in on-state current. The on-state current exhibits a parabolic relationship with the inverse Kelvin temperature. To quantify the effects of phonon scattering on device performance, we assess the key parameters, transconductance and unity current gain frequency. Phonon scattering is observed to severely impact both the parameters. The on-state transconductance declines from its ballistic value of 24.9 mS/µm to 3.99 mS/µm when both acoustic and optical phonons are concurrently active. Similarly, the unity current gain frequency decreases from 1.18 to 0.2 THz due to phonon scattering. Additionally, our analysis reveals that approximately 7–9% of the total power dissipated within the device is attributed to phonon scattering effects, while the remainder is released through thermalization in the device's contacts. Phonon scattering is shown to induce both lattice cooling and heating, depending on the presence or absence of potential barriers. When a potential barrier exists in the channel, electrons injected from the source experience lattice cooling before the barrier region and lattice heating after crossing the barrier. Including the source and drain contact resistances in our model unveils that achieving a contact resistance value of approximately 100 Ω-µm is crucial for the effective functioning of black phosphorus devices.
{"title":"Role of Phonon Scattering on the Transport and Performance of an N-Channel Monolayer Black Phosphorus Transistor","authors":"Khairul Alam","doi":"10.37256/jeee.3120243867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/jeee.3120243867","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the influence of phonon scattering on the transport properties and performance metrics of a monolayer n-channel black phosphorus transistor within a four-band tight binding Hamiltonian, employing a recursive Green's function algorithm and Buttiker probe scattering model. Our analysis reveals that electron-phonon scattering significantly degrades the on-state current, while its effects in the subthreshold region are found to be negligible. Further examination identifies optical phonons as the primary contributors to the degradation of on-state current, with acoustic phonons playing a less prominent role. The ballisticity of the device declines from 42% to 24% when transitioning from solely acoustic phonon scattering to the combined influence of acoustic and optical phonons. Expanding the placement of Buttiker probes from beneath the gate region to cover the entire path from source to drain results in a further 48% reduction in on-state current. The on-state current exhibits a parabolic relationship with the inverse Kelvin temperature. To quantify the effects of phonon scattering on device performance, we assess the key parameters, transconductance and unity current gain frequency. Phonon scattering is observed to severely impact both the parameters. The on-state transconductance declines from its ballistic value of 24.9 mS/µm to 3.99 mS/µm when both acoustic and optical phonons are concurrently active. Similarly, the unity current gain frequency decreases from 1.18 to 0.2 THz due to phonon scattering. Additionally, our analysis reveals that approximately 7–9% of the total power dissipated within the device is attributed to phonon scattering effects, while the remainder is released through thermalization in the device's contacts. Phonon scattering is shown to induce both lattice cooling and heating, depending on the presence or absence of potential barriers. When a potential barrier exists in the channel, electrons injected from the source experience lattice cooling before the barrier region and lattice heating after crossing the barrier. Including the source and drain contact resistances in our model unveils that achieving a contact resistance value of approximately 100 Ω-µm is crucial for the effective functioning of black phosphorus devices.","PeriodicalId":518396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140531996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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