Pub Date : 2021-04-17DOI: 10.9734/OR/2021/V14I230191
B. I. Elleh, E. Bartimaeus, F. Igwe, D. G. Tamuno-emine, E. Agoro
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess some biochemical parameters in the vitreous humor of Rabbits exposed to sodium cyanide. Study Design: This study is an interventional study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at Animal House, Applied and Environmental Biology Department, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, between April 2020 and November 2020. Methodology: A total of twelve (12) rabbits as indicated by Mead’s formula constituted the sample size. The study was divided into three groups including the control. 1 mg/kg sodium cyanide was administered to the rabbits orally in group one and vitreous humor was collected using standard procedure after thirty minutes. In group two the rabbits were put to death mechanically and 1 mg/kg sodium cyanide was administered to the rabbits after thirty minutes, vitreous humor was collected after thirty minutes using standard procedure. The rabbits in group three, control group, were put to death mechanically and nothing was given to the rabbits, then after thirty minutes vitreous humor was collected using standard procedure. Biochemical parameters investigated included vitreous Original Research Article Elleh et al.; OR, 14(2): 41-47, 2021; Article no.OR.67697 42 glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, total proteins (TP), albumin (ALB), total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities. Data were expressed as mean ± SD. Statistical differences between groups were computed using Graph pad prism 7.0 version developed by Graph pad software, San Siago, Califonia, USA. Results were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significance between groups was taken at p<.05. Results: Vitreous biochemical results showed significant (p<.05) increase in levels of TC, LDL-C, AST, ALT, TB and CB in rabbits given 1 mg/kg sodium cyanide compared to control. Significant (p<.05) decrease in levels of glucose, TP and ALB were also observed. This study also revealed that there was no significant (p<.05) difference in biochemical results of rabbits given 1 mg/kg sodium cyanide thirty minutes after they were put to death mechanically compared to the control. It can be concluded that a lethal dose of sodium cyanide (1 mg/kg) may lead to alterations in vitreous biochemical parameters and this may enhance death differentiation due to sodium cyanide poisoning and other causes of death for example mechanical death. Conclusion: The findings of this study support a central role for vitreous humor biochemistry in many postmortem forensic and pathological evaluations and it could also be used for death differentiation in sodium cyanide poisoning.
{"title":"Assessment of Some Biochemical Parameters in Vitreous Humor of Rabbits Exposed to Sodium Cyanide","authors":"B. I. Elleh, E. Bartimaeus, F. Igwe, D. G. Tamuno-emine, E. Agoro","doi":"10.9734/OR/2021/V14I230191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/OR/2021/V14I230191","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this study was to assess some biochemical parameters in the vitreous humor of Rabbits exposed to sodium cyanide. Study Design: This study is an interventional study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at Animal House, Applied and Environmental Biology Department, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, between April 2020 and November 2020. Methodology: A total of twelve (12) rabbits as indicated by Mead’s formula constituted the sample size. The study was divided into three groups including the control. 1 mg/kg sodium cyanide was administered to the rabbits orally in group one and vitreous humor was collected using standard procedure after thirty minutes. In group two the rabbits were put to death mechanically and 1 mg/kg sodium cyanide was administered to the rabbits after thirty minutes, vitreous humor was collected after thirty minutes using standard procedure. The rabbits in group three, control group, were put to death mechanically and nothing was given to the rabbits, then after thirty minutes vitreous humor was collected using standard procedure. Biochemical parameters investigated included vitreous Original Research Article Elleh et al.; OR, 14(2): 41-47, 2021; Article no.OR.67697 42 glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, total proteins (TP), albumin (ALB), total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities. Data were expressed as mean ± SD. Statistical differences between groups were computed using Graph pad prism 7.0 version developed by Graph pad software, San Siago, Califonia, USA. Results were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significance between groups was taken at p<.05. Results: Vitreous biochemical results showed significant (p<.05) increase in levels of TC, LDL-C, AST, ALT, TB and CB in rabbits given 1 mg/kg sodium cyanide compared to control. Significant (p<.05) decrease in levels of glucose, TP and ALB were also observed. This study also revealed that there was no significant (p<.05) difference in biochemical results of rabbits given 1 mg/kg sodium cyanide thirty minutes after they were put to death mechanically compared to the control. It can be concluded that a lethal dose of sodium cyanide (1 mg/kg) may lead to alterations in vitreous biochemical parameters and this may enhance death differentiation due to sodium cyanide poisoning and other causes of death for example mechanical death. Conclusion: The findings of this study support a central role for vitreous humor biochemistry in many postmortem forensic and pathological evaluations and it could also be used for death differentiation in sodium cyanide poisoning.","PeriodicalId":51846,"journal":{"name":"4or-A Quarterly Journal of Operations Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88139406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-15DOI: 10.9734/OR/2021/V14I230190
C. Adeoti, E. A. Kuteyi, B. Olomola, O. Adejumo
Purpose: The commonest type of glaucoma called chronic open angle glaucoma is a silent disease and patients are usually diagnosed late in the disease. Public awareness programs must be actively done to enable a reduction of late detection of the disease and level of awareness must be assessed regularly to appraise the programs. The aim of this study was to assess the level of awareness of the people following the several annual glaucoma week programs we held in the state. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in Osogbo local Government Area (LGA) over six months to assess the awareness of glaucoma following a five-year screening and public health education on glaucoma during the annual World glaucoma week in the state. The interviewer-assisted questionnaire was administered to 279 participants. Obtained data included demography such as age, sex, level of education, occupation, religion, state of origin, knowledge of glaucoma and its treatment, family history of glaucoma and so on. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Descriptive statistics was used to analyze demographic data, and cross-tabulations with chi-square were used in comparing variables. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Original Research Article Adeoti et al.; OR, 14(2): 34-40, 2021; Article no.OR.65949 35 Results: Two hundred and seventy-nine people were involved in the study. Many, 192 (68.8%) were aware of glaucoma. Thirty-nine participants (14.0%) had a family history of glaucoma and 63 (22.6%) felt the cause of glaucoma is an act of God. Two hundred and one (72.0%) had tertiary education. Tertiary education was found to be a statistically significant factor associated with glaucoma. Thirty-three (84.6%) of the 39 participants that had a positive family history of glaucoma were aware of glaucoma blindness. Out of participants that claimed to know how to treat glaucoma, eight (5.3%) felt it should be conservatively managed and nothing should be used. Conclusion: The World glaucoma week has yielded results but more efforts must be put in place to increase awareness and knowledge of the populace on the nature of glaucoma. Tertiary education is an important factor in glaucoma awareness. The government must ensure everyone is educated up to tertiary level. Glaucoma patients and their acquaintances may be used in increasing awareness.
目的:慢性开角型青光眼是最常见的青光眼类型，是一种无症状的疾病，患者通常在疾病晚期才被诊断出来。必须积极开展提高公众认识方案，以减少疾病的晚期发现，必须定期评估公众认识水平，以评估这些方案。这项研究的目的是评估人们对我们在该州举办的几次年度青光眼周项目的认识水平。方法:在Osogbo地方政府区(LGA)进行了为期6个月的描述性横断面研究，以评估该州在每年的世界青光眼周期间对青光眼进行5年筛查和公共卫生教育后对青光眼的认识。对279名参与者进行了问卷调查。获得的资料包括年龄、性别、受教育程度、职业、宗教信仰、原籍国、青光眼知识及其治疗、青光眼家族史等人口统计学资料。使用SPSS 21版(SPSS Inc.， Chicago, IL)输入并分析数据。人口统计数据分析采用描述性统计，变量比较采用卡方交叉表。差异有统计学意义，P<0.05。Adeoti et al.;Or, 14(2): 34- 40,2021;文章no.OR。结果:共有279人参与了这项研究。知道青光眼的有192人(68.8%)。39名参与者(14.0%)有青光眼家族史，63名参与者(22.6%)认为青光眼的病因是天灾。211人(72.0%)受过高等教育。高等教育程度是青光眼发病的重要因素。在39名青光眼家族史阳性的参与者中，有33人(84.6%)知道自己患有青光眼失明。在声称知道如何治疗青光眼的参与者中，8人(5.3%)认为应该保守管理，不应该使用任何方法。结论:世界青光眼周已经取得了成果，但必须付出更多的努力来提高公众对青光眼本质的认识和知识。高等教育程度是提高青光眼认知度的重要因素。政府必须确保每个人都能接受高等教育。青光眼患者及其熟人可用于提高认识。
{"title":"Awareness of Glaucoma in Olorunda Local Government Area, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria","authors":"C. Adeoti, E. A. Kuteyi, B. Olomola, O. Adejumo","doi":"10.9734/OR/2021/V14I230190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/OR/2021/V14I230190","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The commonest type of glaucoma called chronic open angle glaucoma is a silent disease and patients are usually diagnosed late in the disease. Public awareness programs must be actively done to enable a reduction of late detection of the disease and level of awareness must be assessed regularly to appraise the programs. The aim of this study was to assess the level of awareness of the people following the several annual glaucoma week programs we held in the state. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in Osogbo local Government Area (LGA) over six months to assess the awareness of glaucoma following a five-year screening and public health education on glaucoma during the annual World glaucoma week in the state. The interviewer-assisted questionnaire was administered to 279 participants. Obtained data included demography such as age, sex, level of education, occupation, religion, state of origin, knowledge of glaucoma and its treatment, family history of glaucoma and so on. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Descriptive statistics was used to analyze demographic data, and cross-tabulations with chi-square were used in comparing variables. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Original Research Article Adeoti et al.; OR, 14(2): 34-40, 2021; Article no.OR.65949 35 Results: Two hundred and seventy-nine people were involved in the study. Many, 192 (68.8%) were aware of glaucoma. Thirty-nine participants (14.0%) had a family history of glaucoma and 63 (22.6%) felt the cause of glaucoma is an act of God. Two hundred and one (72.0%) had tertiary education. Tertiary education was found to be a statistically significant factor associated with glaucoma. Thirty-three (84.6%) of the 39 participants that had a positive family history of glaucoma were aware of glaucoma blindness. Out of participants that claimed to know how to treat glaucoma, eight (5.3%) felt it should be conservatively managed and nothing should be used. Conclusion: The World glaucoma week has yielded results but more efforts must be put in place to increase awareness and knowledge of the populace on the nature of glaucoma. Tertiary education is an important factor in glaucoma awareness. The government must ensure everyone is educated up to tertiary level. Glaucoma patients and their acquaintances may be used in increasing awareness.","PeriodicalId":51846,"journal":{"name":"4or-A Quarterly Journal of Operations Research","volume":"85 1","pages":"34-40"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80675543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-13DOI: 10.9734/OR/2021/V14I230189
O. Rahić, A. Tucak, M. Sirbubalo, Lamija Hindija, J. Hadžiabdić, E. Vranić
Since glaucoma is a serious health problem, numerous therapeutics are being developed to reduce Intraocular Pressure (IOP) as the only modifiable factor of all glaucoma symptoms. IOP-lowering agents are divided into six groups, each of which has a specific mechanism of action and side effects, which are the focus of this article and are explained in detail. All the mentioned agents are formulated as eye drops. However, as conventional topical eye drops have significant disadvantages, of which poor bioavailability and patient noncompliance are the main, novel approaches to designing their drug delivery systems were used and briefly presented in this review. Review Article Rahić et al.; OR, 14(2): 17-33, 2021; Article no.OR.66197 18 Graphical Abstract
由于青光眼是一种严重的健康问题，许多治疗方法正在开发，以降低眼压(IOP)作为唯一可改变的因素，所有青光眼症状。将降血压药物分为六类，每一类药物都有特定的作用机制和副作用，这是本文的重点，并对其进行了详细的说明。上述所有药剂均配制为滴眼液。然而，由于传统的局部滴眼液具有明显的缺点，主要是生物利用度差和患者不依从性，因此本文采用了新的方法来设计其给药系统，并在本文中简要介绍。rahiki et al.;Or, 14(2): 17- 33,2021;文章no.OR。6619718图形摘要
{"title":"Opportunities to Topically Reduce Intraocular Pressure in Glaucoma","authors":"O. Rahić, A. Tucak, M. Sirbubalo, Lamija Hindija, J. Hadžiabdić, E. Vranić","doi":"10.9734/OR/2021/V14I230189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/OR/2021/V14I230189","url":null,"abstract":"Since glaucoma is a serious health problem, numerous therapeutics are being developed to reduce Intraocular Pressure (IOP) as the only modifiable factor of all glaucoma symptoms. IOP-lowering agents are divided into six groups, each of which has a specific mechanism of action and side effects, which are the focus of this article and are explained in detail. All the mentioned agents are formulated as eye drops. However, as conventional topical eye drops have significant disadvantages, of which poor bioavailability and patient noncompliance are the main, novel approaches to designing their drug delivery systems were used and briefly presented in this review. Review Article Rahić et al.; OR, 14(2): 17-33, 2021; Article no.OR.66197 18 Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":51846,"journal":{"name":"4or-A Quarterly Journal of Operations Research","volume":"59 1","pages":"17-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82057199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-12DOI: 10.1007/s10288-021-00476-z
Federica Bomboi, C. Buchheim, Jonas Pruente
{"title":"On the stochastic vehicle routing problem with time windows, correlated travel times, and time dependency","authors":"Federica Bomboi, C. Buchheim, Jonas Pruente","doi":"10.1007/s10288-021-00476-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10288-021-00476-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51846,"journal":{"name":"4or-A Quarterly Journal of Operations Research","volume":"125 1","pages":"217 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80440227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-08DOI: 10.9734/OR/2021/V14I230187
A. Moharam, M. Khater, H. Saad, K. Nagy
Purpose: To assess the changes in ocular high order aberrations after collagen cross linking for keratoconus. Patients and Methods: This study included 30 eyes with confirmed KCN. Baseline evaluation focused on: UDVA and BSCVA using logMAR notation, MRSE, corneal topography using Orbscan IIZ and wave-front aberrometry using Zywave II. CXL was performed per ‘Dresden protocol’ through a 30-minutes exposure to 370 nm UVA with an irradiance of 3 mW/cm 2. Patients had comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation after 6 months with special attention to: UDVA, BSCVA, MRSE, corneal topography and wave-front aberrometry changes. Results: The mean age was 25.5±5.84 (20:31) years. After 6 months, there was a significant decrease in corneal thickness from 493.2± 24.17μ to 486.7±24.26μ (P<0.05) and a significant decrease in K max from 47.4±1.17D to 46.1±1.17D (P<0.05). BSCVA improved from preoperative value (0.00:0.5 logMAR (median 0.3)) to 6 months’ value (0.1:1.00 logMAR (median 0.2) (P <0.05). Preoperative MRSE was -7.25: -0.5D (median -2.85D) and at 6 months was -6.25: -0.5D (median Case Study Moharam et al.; OR, 14(2): 1-8, 2021; Article no.OR.65865 2 2.125D) (P<0.05). A significant correlation was found at 6 months between changes in both BSCVA and: K max (P<0.001), corneal thickness (P<0.05), vertical coma (P<0.001) and trefoil (P<0.001). Conclusions: Improvement in HOA was detected after CXL for KCN. The changes in total, vertical coma and vertical trefoil aberrations were significantly correlated with postoperative improvement in BSCVA. Thus, improvement in HOA profile after CXL is one of the explanations of improvement in visual function after CXL in KCN.
{"title":"The Effect of Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking on Higher Order Aberrations in Keratoconus","authors":"A. Moharam, M. Khater, H. Saad, K. Nagy","doi":"10.9734/OR/2021/V14I230187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/OR/2021/V14I230187","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To assess the changes in ocular high order aberrations after collagen cross linking for keratoconus. Patients and Methods: This study included 30 eyes with confirmed KCN. Baseline evaluation focused on: UDVA and BSCVA using logMAR notation, MRSE, corneal topography using Orbscan IIZ and wave-front aberrometry using Zywave II. CXL was performed per ‘Dresden protocol’ through a 30-minutes exposure to 370 nm UVA with an irradiance of 3 mW/cm 2. Patients had comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation after 6 months with special attention to: UDVA, BSCVA, MRSE, corneal topography and wave-front aberrometry changes. Results: The mean age was 25.5±5.84 (20:31) years. After 6 months, there was a significant decrease in corneal thickness from 493.2± 24.17μ to 486.7±24.26μ (P<0.05) and a significant decrease in K max from 47.4±1.17D to 46.1±1.17D (P<0.05). BSCVA improved from preoperative value (0.00:0.5 logMAR (median 0.3)) to 6 months’ value (0.1:1.00 logMAR (median 0.2) (P <0.05). Preoperative MRSE was -7.25: -0.5D (median -2.85D) and at 6 months was -6.25: -0.5D (median Case Study Moharam et al.; OR, 14(2): 1-8, 2021; Article no.OR.65865 2 2.125D) (P<0.05). A significant correlation was found at 6 months between changes in both BSCVA and: K max (P<0.001), corneal thickness (P<0.05), vertical coma (P<0.001) and trefoil (P<0.001). Conclusions: Improvement in HOA was detected after CXL for KCN. The changes in total, vertical coma and vertical trefoil aberrations were significantly correlated with postoperative improvement in BSCVA. Thus, improvement in HOA profile after CXL is one of the explanations of improvement in visual function after CXL in KCN.","PeriodicalId":51846,"journal":{"name":"4or-A Quarterly Journal of Operations Research","volume":"72 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90908024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-06DOI: 10.9734/OR/2021/V14I130185
G. Lim, K. McLaughlin, Joanne Hui Yee Lim
Background: Dynamic reanimation is usually required to restore blink function in patients with chronic facial paralysis. In which case, platysma myocutaneous flap (PMF) is a good choice compared to gracilis flap. Platysma is a thin, pliable flap with matching skin colour to the eyelids. Despite this, it is underused. Aim: To investigate the neurovasculature of platysma in order to find a common “window” containing nerves and blood vessels supply which is present in every individual. This will aid the plastic surgeons to reconstruct the neurovasculature of the flap for grafting onto the eyelids. Methods: 3 fresh cadaver necks were dissected from 1 males and 2 females, aged 75-88 years old; (n=6 platysmas). 43 squared specimens (measuring 1.5cm x 1.5cm) surrounding any potential neurovascular structures were cut out, processed and analysed under high power microscope to confirm the presence of nerves and blood vessels. We also reviewed literature dated from 1999 to 2011. Original Research Article Lim et al.; OR, 14(1): 40-57, 2021; Article no.OR.63505 41 Results: From the literature reviewed, the authors concluded that PMF provided excellent functional and aesthetic outcome. In this study, we discovered a “window” flap (ranging from "2.5cm x 3cm‟ to "8cm x 10cm‟) bilaterally on each cadaver. This window is supplied by submental branch of facial artery, drained by facial vein, anterior and external jugular veins, and extensively innervated by cervical branch of facial nerve. Conclusion: We strongly advocate the use of PMF “window” by plastic surgeons in dynamic eyelids reanimation.
背景:慢性面瘫患者通常需要动态再激活来恢复眨眼功能。在这种情况下，阔肌皮瓣(PMF)是一个很好的选择相比股薄肌皮瓣。颈阔肌是一种薄而柔韧的皮瓣，其皮肤颜色与眼睑相匹配。尽管如此，它仍未得到充分利用。目的:探讨颈阔肌的神经血管系统，寻找每个个体都存在的包含神经和血管供应的共同“窗口”。这将有助于整形外科医生重建皮瓣的神经血管系统以移植到眼睑上。方法:解剖3具新鲜尸体颈部，男1例，女2例，年龄75 ~ 88岁;(n = 6阔肌)。在任何潜在的神经血管结构周围切除43个平方标本(1.5cm x 1.5cm)，在高倍显微镜下进行处理和分析，以确认神经和血管的存在。我们还回顾了1999年至2011年的文献。Lim et al.;;农业学报，14(1):40-57,2021;文章no.OR。结果:从文献综述中，作者认为PMF具有良好的功能和美观效果。在本研究中，我们在每具尸体两侧发现了一个“窗口”皮瓣(范围从“2.5cm × 3cm”到“8cm × 10cm”)。该窗由面动脉颏下支供给，由面静脉、颈前静脉和颈外静脉引流，广泛受面神经颈支支配。结论:我们强烈建议整形外科医生使用PMF“窗口”进行动态眼睑再生。
{"title":"Facial Reanimation of the Eye Using Neurovascularised Flap of Platysma","authors":"G. Lim, K. McLaughlin, Joanne Hui Yee Lim","doi":"10.9734/OR/2021/V14I130185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/OR/2021/V14I130185","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dynamic reanimation is usually required to restore blink function in patients with chronic facial paralysis. In which case, platysma myocutaneous flap (PMF) is a good choice compared to gracilis flap. Platysma is a thin, pliable flap with matching skin colour to the eyelids. Despite this, it is underused. Aim: To investigate the neurovasculature of platysma in order to find a common “window” containing nerves and blood vessels supply which is present in every individual. This will aid the plastic surgeons to reconstruct the neurovasculature of the flap for grafting onto the eyelids. Methods: 3 fresh cadaver necks were dissected from 1 males and 2 females, aged 75-88 years old; (n=6 platysmas). 43 squared specimens (measuring 1.5cm x 1.5cm) surrounding any potential neurovascular structures were cut out, processed and analysed under high power microscope to confirm the presence of nerves and blood vessels. We also reviewed literature dated from 1999 to 2011. Original Research Article Lim et al.; OR, 14(1): 40-57, 2021; Article no.OR.63505 41 Results: From the literature reviewed, the authors concluded that PMF provided excellent functional and aesthetic outcome. In this study, we discovered a “window” flap (ranging from \"2.5cm x 3cm‟ to \"8cm x 10cm‟) bilaterally on each cadaver. This window is supplied by submental branch of facial artery, drained by facial vein, anterior and external jugular veins, and extensively innervated by cervical branch of facial nerve. Conclusion: We strongly advocate the use of PMF “window” by plastic surgeons in dynamic eyelids reanimation.","PeriodicalId":51846,"journal":{"name":"4or-A Quarterly Journal of Operations Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"40-57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88208610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1007/s10288-021-00475-0
Y. Crama, M. Grabisch, S. Martello
{"title":"4OR comes of age","authors":"Y. Crama, M. Grabisch, S. Martello","doi":"10.1007/s10288-021-00475-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10288-021-00475-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51846,"journal":{"name":"4or-A Quarterly Journal of Operations Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"1 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84677997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills and tailings storage facilities of mining enterprises often operate in similar hydrogeological conditions and have similar requirements for their design, operation, and closure. Therefore, the examination data set obtained for MSW landfills may also be used when assessing the environmental impact of waste disposal facilities in the mining industry. The body of data collected for such landfills contains certain information that is rarely studied for tailings storage facilities of mining and processing enterprises. These include the influence of hydrological conditions on the processes occurring within the landfill, regularities of sediment infiltration and leaching, the composition of the filtrate released, migration of pollutants outside the waste disposal facility, and formation and monitoring of gas emissions. Thermal recycling and composting were selected as the MSW handling technologies studies. The data on the joint disposal of MSW and related incineration ash, MSW-based compost and the municipal solid waste itself are presented. Studies on the consequences of joint waste disposal for the environmental impact of landfills are analyzed. The above analysis established that extraction of recyclable components from MSW for reuse or energy use would reduce the volume of MSW entering the disposal sites; biological or thermal treatment of MSW for the purpose of neutralization and volume reduction would reduce both the volume of MSW entering the disposal sites and the related biological hazard; and combined disposal of MSW with products of biological or thermal decontamination of MSW would lower the biological hazard of disposal. The study was carried out under the grant issued by the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 19-79-10114).
{"title":"Environmental impacts of disposal methods used for solid waste and its processing products","authors":"A. Yasinskaya","doi":"10.17580/OR.2021.01.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/OR.2021.01.07","url":null,"abstract":"Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills and tailings storage facilities of mining enterprises often operate in similar hydrogeological conditions and have similar requirements for their design, operation, and closure. Therefore, the examination data set obtained for MSW landfills may also be used when assessing the environmental impact of waste disposal facilities in the mining industry. The body of data collected for such landfills contains certain information that is rarely studied for tailings storage facilities of mining and processing enterprises. These include the influence of hydrological conditions on the processes occurring within the landfill, regularities of sediment infiltration and leaching, the composition of the filtrate released, migration of pollutants outside the waste disposal facility, and formation and monitoring of gas emissions. Thermal recycling and composting were selected as the MSW handling technologies studies. The data on the joint disposal of MSW and related incineration ash, MSW-based compost and the municipal solid waste itself are presented. Studies on the consequences of joint waste disposal for the environmental impact of landfills are analyzed. The above analysis established that extraction of recyclable components from MSW for reuse or energy use would reduce the volume of MSW entering the disposal sites; biological or thermal treatment of MSW for the purpose of neutralization and volume reduction would reduce both the volume of MSW entering the disposal sites and the related biological hazard; and combined disposal of MSW with products of biological or thermal decontamination of MSW would lower the biological hazard of disposal. The study was carried out under the grant issued by the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 19-79-10114).","PeriodicalId":51846,"journal":{"name":"4or-A Quarterly Journal of Operations Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"37-43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83535471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A model of a vibrating jaw crusher (VJC) with self-synchronizing unbalanced vibration exciters is considered with account of the impacts between the jaws and the material being processed. Numerical modeling is used to establish the influence of the initial gap between the jaws and the material and of the velocity recovery factor upon impact on the synchronization of vibration exciters rotation and jaw vibrations, on the excitation frequency ranges of stable periodic vibroimpact regimes, and on the impact velocities between the jaws. The analysis results indicate that a change in the conditions of contact between the jaws and the material being processed leads to a change in the frequency ranges of the stable antiphase synchronization of vibration exciters rotation, as well as in the excitation frequency ranges of steady single-period vibroimpact regimes for the motion of the system, considered as the main operating modes of the VJC. The impact-like nature of the interaction between the jaws and the material being processed suggests the possible multimodality of the system, which explains some of the effects observed in practice and manifested in changes in the periodicity of the vibroimpact regime and in the vibration mode of the jaws at a constant excitation frequency. Therefore, the vibroimpact-based model proposed for the VJC and its dynamics analysis results may be used to design and improve vibrating jaw crushers with the selection of reasonable design parameters and the most effective vibration excitation conditions. The work was carried out with the financial support of the RFBR, project No. 18-08-01491_a.
{"title":"Analysis of vibrations for a vibrating jaw crusher when interacting with material","authors":"A. Shokhin, G. Panovko, I. Lyan","doi":"10.17580/OR.2021.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/OR.2021.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"A model of a vibrating jaw crusher (VJC) with self-synchronizing unbalanced vibration exciters is considered with account of the impacts between the jaws and the material being processed. Numerical modeling is used to establish the influence of the initial gap between the jaws and the material and of the velocity recovery factor upon impact on the synchronization of vibration exciters rotation and jaw vibrations, on the excitation frequency ranges of stable periodic vibroimpact regimes, and on the impact velocities between the jaws. The analysis results indicate that a change in the conditions of contact between the jaws and the material being processed leads to a change in the frequency ranges of the stable antiphase synchronization of vibration exciters rotation, as well as in the excitation frequency ranges of steady single-period vibroimpact regimes for the motion of the system, considered as the main operating modes of the VJC. The impact-like nature of the interaction between the jaws and the material being processed suggests the possible multimodality of the system, which explains some of the effects observed in practice and manifested in changes in the periodicity of the vibroimpact regime and in the vibration mode of the jaws at a constant excitation frequency. Therefore, the vibroimpact-based model proposed for the VJC and its dynamics analysis results may be used to design and improve vibrating jaw crushers with the selection of reasonable design parameters and the most effective vibration excitation conditions. The work was carried out with the financial support of the RFBR, project No. 18-08-01491_a.","PeriodicalId":51846,"journal":{"name":"4or-A Quarterly Journal of Operations Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"26-31"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90054814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is a continuation of the authors’ research on improving the flotation process for fine tin products using zeta potential measurements on particle surfaces. The aim of the research is to establish the possibility of using certain reagents to intensify the flotation of fine cassiterite particles and to identify the mechanism behind the effect produced by the reagents on the surface of slurry particles in cassiterite flotation using zeta potential measurements. The results of experiments to select the best collector are presented, with salicylhydroxamic acid identified as the best option. Sodium hexametaphosphate pretreatment of a flotation slurry consisting of fine particles enables a more efficient cassiterite flotation, which is explained by the negative value of the z-potential for the particle surface. The use of sodium hexametaphosphate improves the yield by up to 3 %, with the mass fraction of tin growing from 1.2 to 1.75 %, and the recovery improving from 40 to 75 %. The results of z-potential measurements for the particle surface in the process of flotation indicate that its positive values are not always required and that the combined action of oxalic and sulfuric acids with salicylhydroxamic acid at a z-potential of –0.7 mV renders the maximum tin grade of 2.22 % in the froth flotation product. Gravity treatment of the flotation concentrate on concentration tables allows obtaining conditioned concentrates with the mass fractions of tin of 23.4 and 30.6 %. Finding the extremum of the z-potential for the particle surface during the flotation of tin minerals allows predicting the concentration results.
{"title":"Study of the relationship between the zeta potential and floatability of cassiterite fine fractions","authors":"G. Gazaleeva, L. Nazarenko, E. Dmitrieva","doi":"10.17580/OR.2021.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/OR.2021.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a continuation of the authors’ research on improving the flotation process for fine tin products using zeta potential measurements on particle surfaces. The aim of the research is to establish the possibility of using certain reagents to intensify the flotation of fine cassiterite particles and to identify the mechanism behind the effect produced by the reagents on the surface of slurry particles in cassiterite flotation using zeta potential measurements. The results of experiments to select the best collector are presented, with salicylhydroxamic acid identified as the best option. Sodium hexametaphosphate pretreatment of a flotation slurry consisting of fine particles enables a more efficient cassiterite flotation, which is explained by the negative value of the z-potential for the particle surface. The use of sodium hexametaphosphate improves the yield by up to 3 %, with the mass fraction of tin growing from 1.2 to 1.75 %, and the recovery improving from 40 to 75 %. The results of z-potential measurements for the particle surface in the process of flotation indicate that its positive values are not always required and that the combined action of oxalic and sulfuric acids with salicylhydroxamic acid at a z-potential of –0.7 mV renders the maximum tin grade of 2.22 % in the froth flotation product. Gravity treatment of the flotation concentrate on concentration tables allows obtaining conditioned concentrates with the mass fractions of tin of 23.4 and 30.6 %. Finding the extremum of the z-potential for the particle surface during the flotation of tin minerals allows predicting the concentration results.","PeriodicalId":51846,"journal":{"name":"4or-A Quarterly Journal of Operations Research","volume":"45 1","pages":"3-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77740878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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