History of Psychology最新文献

The text examines the reception in France of the work of Henri F. Ellenberger, a psychiatrist and historian and the author of The Discovery of the Unconscious (1970). In this book, Ellenberger offers a non-Freudian history of dynamic psychiatry, highlighting contributions by Janet, Adler, and Jung to develop a more pluralistic view of psychotherapeutic practices. In the 1970s, France remained strongly dominated by psychoanalysis, while other countries increasingly adopted approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy. This Freudian hegemony explains the resistance Ellenberger encountered in having his book translated into French. Despite his connections with prominent psychiatrists, his initial attempts failed. It was ultimately through the magazine Psychologie-founded by Jacques Mousseau and inspired by Psychology Today-that Ellenberger found a platform for his ideas, leading to the French publication of his book in 1974. The text emphasizes that the mixed reception of Ellenberger's work reflects a broader divide between therapeutic models. In the United States, his book fueled a critical reevaluation of psychoanalysis, while in France his contribution was often minimized or reframed to fit within the Freudian tradition. The article links these dynamics to deeper ideological polarization and the influence of institutional networks in defining what counts as legitimate therapeutic knowledge. Ultimately, the study concludes that Ellenberger, as both an intellectual and geographical outsider, represents a pivotal moment for thinking about therapeutic and historiographical pluralism-an approach that France struggled to embrace for decades. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Analysis of the personal archives of Spanish psychiatrist Ramón Sarró, housed in the Library of Catalonia, reveals a wealth of unpublished documents related to his time in Vienna (1925-1927) and his engagement with psychoanalysis. During this period, he met Sigmund Freud and underwent psychoanalytic training with Helene Deutsch. He also provided therapy to patients under supervision at the Vienna Ambulatorium, one of several free psychoanalysis clinics established after World War I. However, Sarró did not complete his psychoanalytic training, and in 1927, he returned to Spain. Starting from 1939, Sarró became part of the medical establishment of the Franco dictatorship. In 1950, he obtained the position of the Chair of Psychiatry at the University of Barcelona. In this capacity, he actively participated in scientific debates and promoted the dissemination of psychoanalytic ideas within the public sphere. This article aims to explore the significance that Sarró attributed to his encounter with Freud and his training in Vienna. It also delves into how he leveraged these experiences to establish his scientific and professional legitimacy in the realms of psychoanalysis, both nationally and internationally. In this context, it serves as an exploration of the transnational history of psychoanalysis, between Vienna and Barcelona, influenced by the significant political transformations that occurred in Spain and Europe between 1920 and 1980. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Elizabeth Lunbeck (EL) is a professor and chair of the Department of the History of Science at Harvard University, where her research and teaching focus on the history of psychoanalysis, psychotherapy, and psychiatry. The author, Wei Zhang (WZ), a visiting scholar at Harvard University, audited Elizabeth Lunbeck's undergraduate course, Psychotherapy and the Modern Self; of note, 600 students enrolled in the course in the calendar year 2024. The interview, conducted on December 20, 2024, at the Harvard University Science Center, focused on Elizabeth Lunbeck's experiences teaching this course. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

A signature event in the intellectual life of Jean Piaget occurred when he met Susan and Nathan Isaacs. Although the Isaacs were supporters of much of Piaget's theoretical and empirical work, they also advanced substantial objections to his methodology, empirical results, and theoretical interpretations. Susan Isaacs' empirical observations provided much of the evidence in support of their different views of proper methodology, intellectual development, and pedagogical philosophy. In addition, Nathan Isaacs' theoretical and philosophical arguments were set against Piaget's arguments about cognitive development. This decade-long interaction influenced Piaget in a variety of ways, both theoretically and methodologically. Their critique of his clinical method encouraged him to focus more on studying the actions of children by nonverbal means, something Piaget had recently undertaken with his newborn infants. In addition, their conceptual and empirical objections were weighty enough for Piaget to write a major (largely unknown) explicit reply to them (here translated as an Appendix), something Piaget rarely did. I summarize this affair with the Isaacs, pointing out the important empirical, theoretical, and philosophical issues separating them, many of which are still at issue in psychology, education, and philosophy today. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

This article investigates the development of social psychology post-World War II through the lens of the Committee on Transnational Social Psychology, established in 1963 under the American Social Science Research Council (SSRC) and led by American psychologist Leon Festinger. Initially envisioned as a vehicle for globalizing U.S. experimental social psychology, the Committee aimed to create research hubs worldwide with similarly trained psychologists. However, Festinger's growing dissatisfaction with the Committee's trajectory around 1970 underscores significant challenges to its original objectives. Based on a close reading of archival files and documents from the SSRC and related sources, this article explores these challenges and questions overly simplistic "imperial" interpretations of U.S. philanthropic research funding. It argues that the SSRC's influence, particularly its emphasis on intellectual and personal diversity, played a crucial role in counteracting any straightforward "Americanization." Facilitating the assimilation of different intellectual traditions, European key figures, such as Moscovici, benefited from the SSRC's support and influence, which helped them to gain prominence and shape the Committee's direction. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Josiah Moses faced repeated rejections from academic positions during 1905-1911 because of his Jewish identity, which at that time was viewed as his race. In 1911, after changing his name, Josiah Morse was hired at the University of South Carolina during the time of explicitly antisemitic Jim Crow. In this article, we reveal the deceptive tactics Moses/Morse used to pass as a White person who was not Jewish with the support of his former doctoral advisor, G. Stanley Hall. We conclude with the examination of the consequences of passing and Morse's influence in psychology and other communities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

This article presents the oldest theory of the striving for power in European psychology; it was created in the philosophical-psychological Lvov-Warsaw School which itself derived from the thinking of F. Brentano. Despite humanistic inspirations, the theory represents a biological position close to the evolutionary tradition. The core of the theory of striving for power is the concept of ambition, taken from Greek philosophy (Plato and Aristotle). It offers an original classification of interpersonal relationships in the light of the universal striving (common to all people) for a sense of power/strength. It also provides an original interpretation of religious and aesthetic experience. Despite them being similar, the theory was created several years before Alfred Adler's concept of striving for a sense of power. It emphasizes the aspect of competition and social comparisons more strongly than Adler but connects them closely with the ideas of value and ambition. Regardless of the passage of time, its potential still seems significant, primarily as a counterweight-or at least a complement-to contemporary theories of power because it also identifies power as personal growth and self-transcendence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

This article sheds light on the history of early experimental psychological work on deductive reasoning. We identify Gustav Wilhelm Störring and Johannes Lindworsky as the pioneers of the experimental psychology of deductive logic. After presenting an overview on their life and works, we trace personal and scientific connections to the Würzburg School to help situate them within the scientific community of the 20th century. Our work is intended to present an overview on the life and works of Störring and Lindworsky, focusing on their works on deductive reasoning, to uncover the history of the psychology of reasoning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Liberation is a multifaceted concept, often intertwined with psychological processes such as freedom from oppression and the ability to think and act freely. Historically, Western social psychologists have favored the individualistic notion of freedom over the collective effort of liberation. This divergence has led to the separation of the histories of liberation struggles and psychology, including feminism. This article explores distinct historical trajectories in Turkey and highlights the divisive dynamics within feminist movements, particularly the erasure of ethnic minority women by state feminists in postdynastic Turkey. Furthermore, the Westernization and the Americanization of psychology have positioned the field as a neutral, value-free science, effectively silencing indigenous feminist perspectives and encouraging overreliance on adapting gender-based scales to Turkish. Despite this, a nascent history of feminist psychology in Turkey exists, which challenges homogenization and standardization, advocating for a conceptualization of freedom beyond individualism. Finally, an agenda for liberating social psychology is proposed through challenging tattered binaries of "East" and "West" or "secular" or "conservative" and promoting a collective and intersectional approach to psychological research and practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

This brief communication commemorates the 100th anniversary of the birth of Reynaldo Alarcón Napurí and briefly reviews his contributions to the history of psychology in Peru and Latin America. Alarcón academic career spanned over seven decades and encompassed multiple research interests, one of which was the history of psychology. It is concluded that his historiographical work, as a whole, marked a significant milestone that has served as a reference point for delving into various aspects of the history of Peruvian psychology as both a science and a profession. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).