Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1051/mfreview/2022001
B. Zhou, Yezhou Yang, Y. Qin, Gang Yang, Mingxia Wu
Electrical field activated sintering technology combined with micro-forming (Micro-FAST), as a new rapid powder sintering/forming method, is used to fabricate FeCo alloy parts. The successfully prepared FeCo parts have a high saturation of 214.11 emu/g and a low coercivity of 16 Oe, and these values are 20% and 10% higher than that of commercially available FeCoV alloy parts on the saturation and coercivity respectively. During the sintering process, the high current application shortened the densification time and enhanced the uniformity of the microstructure significantly. The grain sizes of FeCo alloys were in a range of 5–6 µm, and good isotropy was also shown. The low angle grain boundary (LAGB) accounted for more than 30% and the low angle misorientation accounted for more than 30% of the sample parts. Furthermore, the formation of the nano B2 phase was promoted during the Micro-FAST, and the size of the B2 phase was about 5 nm. The coherent interface between α and B2 was conducive for reducing the coercivity. As a consequence, the outstanding microstructure formed by Micro-FAST makes the FeCo alloys have high saturation and low coercivity.
{"title":"Fabrication of equiatomic FeCo alloy parts with high magnetic properties by fields activated sintering","authors":"B. Zhou, Yezhou Yang, Y. Qin, Gang Yang, Mingxia Wu","doi":"10.1051/mfreview/2022001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mfreview/2022001","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical field activated sintering technology combined with micro-forming (Micro-FAST), as a new rapid powder sintering/forming method, is used to fabricate FeCo alloy parts. The successfully prepared FeCo parts have a high saturation of 214.11 emu/g and a low coercivity of 16 Oe, and these values are 20% and 10% higher than that of commercially available FeCoV alloy parts on the saturation and coercivity respectively. During the sintering process, the high current application shortened the densification time and enhanced the uniformity of the microstructure significantly. The grain sizes of FeCo alloys were in a range of 5–6 µm, and good isotropy was also shown. The low angle grain boundary (LAGB) accounted for more than 30% and the low angle misorientation accounted for more than 30% of the sample parts. Furthermore, the formation of the nano B2 phase was promoted during the Micro-FAST, and the size of the B2 phase was about 5 nm. The coherent interface between α and B2 was conducive for reducing the coercivity. As a consequence, the outstanding microstructure formed by Micro-FAST makes the FeCo alloys have high saturation and low coercivity.","PeriodicalId":51873,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57964205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1051/mfreview/2022012
D. Hoang Tien, Tran Duc Quy, Thoa Pham Thi Thieu, N. D. Trinh
Power consumption in manufacturing direct affects production costs and the environment. Therefore, the process of evaluating and researching power consumption in the machining process is very important. During high-speed milling, the power consumption varie`s due to tool wear and radial deviation. Therefore, a new model power consumption optimization is proposed based on cutting mode factors taking into account tool wear and radial deviation. In the existing power consumption models, studies on the effects of radial deviation and tool wear have not been thoroughly investigated. Stochastic tool wears established during high-speed milling is established in combination with the cutting force analysis model and wavelet singularity vibration point analysis. The nonlinear processes due to stochastic tool wear and cutting edge geometry were considered in the model. To optimize power consumption and establish a model for the real-time prediction of power consumption, a new GPR–MOPSO hybrid algorithm was developed based on Gaussian process regression (GPR) and multi-objective particle swarm optimizations (MOPSO). In order to verify the feasibility proposed monitoring and optimization model, experimental processes high-speed milling have been established. Results showed that the presented improvement model will reduce power consumption by 20.38% compared with manufacturer manuals chosen process parameters.
{"title":"Application of vibration singularity analysis, stochastic tool wear, and GPR-MOPSO hybrid algorithm to monitor and optimise power consumption in high-speed milling","authors":"D. Hoang Tien, Tran Duc Quy, Thoa Pham Thi Thieu, N. D. Trinh","doi":"10.1051/mfreview/2022012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mfreview/2022012","url":null,"abstract":"Power consumption in manufacturing direct affects production costs and the environment. Therefore, the process of evaluating and researching power consumption in the machining process is very important. During high-speed milling, the power consumption varie`s due to tool wear and radial deviation. Therefore, a new model power consumption optimization is proposed based on cutting mode factors taking into account tool wear and radial deviation. In the existing power consumption models, studies on the effects of radial deviation and tool wear have not been thoroughly investigated. Stochastic tool wears established during high-speed milling is established in combination with the cutting force analysis model and wavelet singularity vibration point analysis. The nonlinear processes due to stochastic tool wear and cutting edge geometry were considered in the model. To optimize power consumption and establish a model for the real-time prediction of power consumption, a new GPR–MOPSO hybrid algorithm was developed based on Gaussian process regression (GPR) and multi-objective particle swarm optimizations (MOPSO). In order to verify the feasibility proposed monitoring and optimization model, experimental processes high-speed milling have been established. Results showed that the presented improvement model will reduce power consumption by 20.38% compared with manufacturer manuals chosen process parameters.","PeriodicalId":51873,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57964766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1051/mfreview/2022032
Venkatesh B.N., Umamaheshwar Hebbal, Siddappa P.N., K. S., Nagaraja T.K.
AA6061-SiC composites are the most preferred materials for applications in the automobile and aerospace sector due to their superior properties. The FSW process is one of the novel solid states joining processes that overcome almost all the difficulties of the fusion welding process because the process that operates well below the melting point of the metals to be joined, consumes less energy, environment-friendly, and versatile, no shielding gas or filler metal is used. The welding parameters such as tool rotational speed, axial force, and tool pin profile play a major role in deciding the joint strength and hardness of the weld zone. Taguchi method was employed in this study to scrutinize the impact of welding processing factors, including rotational, speed, axial load, and pin profile on ultimate tensile strength, microhardness of weld zone. The results reveal that the welded joints produced at 750 rpm of tool rotational speed, the axial load of 6 kN using a square pin tool profile that exhibits higher UTS. The Vickers's hardness of AA6061-6 wt.% SiC composites was found to be superior at tool rotational speed of 900 rpm, the axial force of 6kN using cylindrical tool pin. The ANOVA Findings based on Vickers's hardness are tool profile: 53.84%, tool rotational speed: 20.16%, and axial force: 21.32%.
{"title":"Optimization of FSW parameters of AA6061-6 wt.% SiC composite plates","authors":"Venkatesh B.N., Umamaheshwar Hebbal, Siddappa P.N., K. S., Nagaraja T.K.","doi":"10.1051/mfreview/2022032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mfreview/2022032","url":null,"abstract":"AA6061-SiC composites are the most preferred materials for applications in the automobile and aerospace sector due to their superior properties. The FSW process is one of the novel solid states joining processes that overcome almost all the difficulties of the fusion welding process because the process that operates well below the melting point of the metals to be joined, consumes less energy, environment-friendly, and versatile, no shielding gas or filler metal is used. The welding parameters such as tool rotational speed, axial force, and tool pin profile play a major role in deciding the joint strength and hardness of the weld zone. Taguchi method was employed in this study to scrutinize the impact of welding processing factors, including rotational, speed, axial load, and pin profile on ultimate tensile strength, microhardness of weld zone. The results reveal that the welded joints produced at 750 rpm of tool rotational speed, the axial load of 6 kN using a square pin tool profile that exhibits higher UTS. The Vickers's hardness of AA6061-6 wt.% SiC composites was found to be superior at tool rotational speed of 900 rpm, the axial force of 6kN using cylindrical tool pin. The ANOVA Findings based on Vickers's hardness are tool profile: 53.84%, tool rotational speed: 20.16%, and axial force: 21.32%.","PeriodicalId":51873,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57964871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1051/mfreview/2022021
Shivaprakash Y.M., Gurumurthy B.M., P. Hiremath, Sathyashankara Sharma, Sowrabh B.S.
Current work focusses on stir cast Al6061 based composites with SiC (3, 6, 9 wt.%) and h-BN (1, 2, 3 wt.%) as reinforcements and subjected to heat treatments followed by mechanical characterization. Quality level of composites is confirmed from reinforcement distribution and hardness uniformity in castings after homogenization. The castings were further subjected to peak aging and hardness data is refined for accuracy using Spider web approach. Due to lack in the reinforcement spreadout, especially higher volume quantity of h-BN, the peak hardness of Al6061/9 wt.% SiC/3 wt.% h-BN as estimated by Spider web approach is less than the recorded value. The Minitab result is in line with that of experimentally supported Spider web approach. Due to the result of nonuniform dispersivity, beyond the optimum quantity of reinforcement content, fracture surface resulted coarse mirror facets with lower tensile and wear properties. 2 wt.% h-BN quantity with 6 wt.% SiC in the composite is regarded as the optimum quantity of reinforcement, resulted excellent tensile strength with least ductility among the family and is at par with hardness variation trend. It is found that optimum quantity of solid lubricant h-BN in the composite resulted excellent wear resistance even at higher normal loads.
{"title":"Spider web approach hardness validation of peak aged Al6061/SiC/h-BN composite and related mechanical characterization","authors":"Shivaprakash Y.M., Gurumurthy B.M., P. Hiremath, Sathyashankara Sharma, Sowrabh B.S.","doi":"10.1051/mfreview/2022021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mfreview/2022021","url":null,"abstract":"Current work focusses on stir cast Al6061 based composites with SiC (3, 6, 9 wt.%) and h-BN (1, 2, 3 wt.%) as reinforcements and subjected to heat treatments followed by mechanical characterization. Quality level of composites is confirmed from reinforcement distribution and hardness uniformity in castings after homogenization. The castings were further subjected to peak aging and hardness data is refined for accuracy using Spider web approach. Due to lack in the reinforcement spreadout, especially higher volume quantity of h-BN, the peak hardness of Al6061/9 wt.% SiC/3 wt.% h-BN as estimated by Spider web approach is less than the recorded value. The Minitab result is in line with that of experimentally supported Spider web approach. Due to the result of nonuniform dispersivity, beyond the optimum quantity of reinforcement content, fracture surface resulted coarse mirror facets with lower tensile and wear properties. 2 wt.% h-BN quantity with 6 wt.% SiC in the composite is regarded as the optimum quantity of reinforcement, resulted excellent tensile strength with least ductility among the family and is at par with hardness variation trend. It is found that optimum quantity of solid lubricant h-BN in the composite resulted excellent wear resistance even at higher normal loads.","PeriodicalId":51873,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57965041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1051/mfreview/2022020
T. Wanglomklang, Phathan Chommaungpuck, K. Chamniprasart, J. Srisertpol
Fault Detection and Classification (FDC) based on Machine Learning (ML) approach was used to detect and classify mount head fault in the slider attachment process which causes the machine alarm 71 to occur which leads to 2% of machine downtime. This paper has focused on the use of classified pixel surface of mount head with fault difference conditions including Healthy, Fault I, Fault II, and Fault III to detect and diagnose mount head before a vacuum leak. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm was a proposed classification model and has to be evaluated before using in the real processes. Three features of mount head surface pixel, i.e., inner, outer, and overall areas were investigated and used as model training data set. The experiment result indicates that the classification using the ANN model with three features performed with an accuracy of 94.3%. According to the result, it was found that the reliability of the production processes of FDC technique has increased as a result of the reduction of machine downtime by 1.886%.
{"title":"Using fault detection and classification techniques for machine breakdown reduction of the HGA process caused by the slider loss defect","authors":"T. Wanglomklang, Phathan Chommaungpuck, K. Chamniprasart, J. Srisertpol","doi":"10.1051/mfreview/2022020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mfreview/2022020","url":null,"abstract":"Fault Detection and Classification (FDC) based on Machine Learning (ML) approach was used to detect and classify mount head fault in the slider attachment process which causes the machine alarm 71 to occur which leads to 2% of machine downtime. This paper has focused on the use of classified pixel surface of mount head with fault difference conditions including Healthy, Fault I, Fault II, and Fault III to detect and diagnose mount head before a vacuum leak. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm was a proposed classification model and has to be evaluated before using in the real processes. Three features of mount head surface pixel, i.e., inner, outer, and overall areas were investigated and used as model training data set. The experiment result indicates that the classification using the ANN model with three features performed with an accuracy of 94.3%. According to the result, it was found that the reliability of the production processes of FDC technique has increased as a result of the reduction of machine downtime by 1.886%.","PeriodicalId":51873,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57964991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1051/mfreview/2022003
D. Duc Trung
The efficiency of cutting machining methods is generally evaluated through many parameters such as surface roughness, material removal rate, cutting force, etc. A machining process is considered highly efficient when it meets the requirements for these parameters, such as ensuring small surface roughness, high material removal rate, or small cutting force, etc. However, for each specific machining condition, sometimes the objective functions give contradictory requirements. In this case, it is necessary to implement multi-criteria decision making, i.e., make a decision to ensure harmonization of all required objectives. In this paper, a multi-criteria decision-making study is presented for three common machining methods: milling, grinding, and turning. In each machining method, the weights of the criteria were determined by four different methods, including Equal weight, ROC weight, RS weight and Entropy weight. The MARCOS method was applied for multi-criteria decision making. The best alternative was found to be the same as the weights were determined using the Equal weight and Entropy weight methods. In the remaining two weighting methods, the best alternative found depends on the order where the criteria were arranged, not these methods themselves. Direction for further research has been suggested in this study as well.
{"title":"Multi-criteria decision making under the MARCOS method and the weighting methods: applied to milling, grinding and turning processes","authors":"D. Duc Trung","doi":"10.1051/mfreview/2022003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mfreview/2022003","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of cutting machining methods is generally evaluated through many parameters such as surface roughness, material removal rate, cutting force, etc. A machining process is considered highly efficient when it meets the requirements for these parameters, such as ensuring small surface roughness, high material removal rate, or small cutting force, etc. However, for each specific machining condition, sometimes the objective functions give contradictory requirements. In this case, it is necessary to implement multi-criteria decision making, i.e., make a decision to ensure harmonization of all required objectives. In this paper, a multi-criteria decision-making study is presented for three common machining methods: milling, grinding, and turning. In each machining method, the weights of the criteria were determined by four different methods, including Equal weight, ROC weight, RS weight and Entropy weight. The MARCOS method was applied for multi-criteria decision making. The best alternative was found to be the same as the weights were determined using the Equal weight and Entropy weight methods. In the remaining two weighting methods, the best alternative found depends on the order where the criteria were arranged, not these methods themselves. Direction for further research has been suggested in this study as well.","PeriodicalId":51873,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57964210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1051/mfreview/2022019
D. Trung
The purpose of the data normalization is to transfer the quantities with different dimensions to the same dimensionless form. The multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods that require identifying the weight for each criterion, so the data normalization should be performed. In this study, five distinct data normalization methods were used in combination with a multi-criteria decision-making method (MARCOS method). All five of these data normalization methods were performed in combining with the MARCOS method and applied in three different cases. The number of solutions and the criteria in each case were different. Two different weighting methods were also used in each situation. After defining the most suitable data normalization methods in combining with the MARCOS method, this study proposed two new data normalization methods. The results show that solution rank is likely stable. The works in the future were mentioned in the last section of this article as well.
{"title":"Development of data normalization methods for multi-criteria decision making: applying for MARCOS method","authors":"D. Trung","doi":"10.1051/mfreview/2022019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mfreview/2022019","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the data normalization is to transfer the quantities with different dimensions to the same dimensionless form. The multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods that require identifying the weight for each criterion, so the data normalization should be performed. In this study, five distinct data normalization methods were used in combination with a multi-criteria decision-making method (MARCOS method). All five of these data normalization methods were performed in combining with the MARCOS method and applied in three different cases. The number of solutions and the criteria in each case were different. Two different weighting methods were also used in each situation. After defining the most suitable data normalization methods in combining with the MARCOS method, this study proposed two new data normalization methods. The results show that solution rank is likely stable. The works in the future were mentioned in the last section of this article as well.","PeriodicalId":51873,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Review","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57964981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1051/mfreview/2022024
Balichakra Mallikarjuna, E. Reutzel
Titanium Aluminide (TiAl) alloys are intermetallics that offer low density, high melting point, good oxidation and corrosion resistance compared to Ni-based superalloys. As a result, these alloys are used in aero-engine parts such as turbine blades, fuel injectors, radial diffusers, divergent flaps, and more. During operation, aero-engine components are subjected to high thermal loading in an oxidizing and corrosive environment, which results in wear and other material damage. Replacement of the entire component may not be desirable due to long lead time and expense. In such cases, repair and refurbishing may be the best option for the reclamation of TiAl parts. Unfortunately, approved repair technology is not currently available for TiAl based components. Additive Manufacturing (AM) based Directed Energy Deposition (DED) may serve as an option to help repair and restore expensive aero-engine parts. In this work, a review of efforts to utilize the DED technique to repair damaged TiAl-based aerospace parts locally is conducted. Replacing the entire TiAl part is not advisable as it is expensive. DED is a promising technique used to produce, repair, rework, and overhaul (MRO) damaged parts. Considering the high-quality standard of the aircraft industry, DED repaired TiAl parts to be certified for their future use in the aircraft is very important. However, there are no standards for the certification of TiAl repaired parts is reported. Case studies reveal that DED is under consideration for repair of TiAl parts. Hybrid technology comprising machining, repair and finishing capability in a single machine is an attractive implementation strategy to improve repair efficacies. The review shows that the investigations into development and applications of DED-based repairing techniques are limited, which suggests that further investigations are very much needed.
{"title":"Reclamation of intermetallic titanium aluminide aero-engine components using directed energy deposition technology","authors":"Balichakra Mallikarjuna, E. Reutzel","doi":"10.1051/mfreview/2022024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mfreview/2022024","url":null,"abstract":"Titanium Aluminide (TiAl) alloys are intermetallics that offer low density, high melting point, good oxidation and corrosion resistance compared to Ni-based superalloys. As a result, these alloys are used in aero-engine parts such as turbine blades, fuel injectors, radial diffusers, divergent flaps, and more. During operation, aero-engine components are subjected to high thermal loading in an oxidizing and corrosive environment, which results in wear and other material damage. Replacement of the entire component may not be desirable due to long lead time and expense. In such cases, repair and refurbishing may be the best option for the reclamation of TiAl parts. Unfortunately, approved repair technology is not currently available for TiAl based components. Additive Manufacturing (AM) based Directed Energy Deposition (DED) may serve as an option to help repair and restore expensive aero-engine parts. In this work, a review of efforts to utilize the DED technique to repair damaged TiAl-based aerospace parts locally is conducted. Replacing the entire TiAl part is not advisable as it is expensive. DED is a promising technique used to produce, repair, rework, and overhaul (MRO) damaged parts. Considering the high-quality standard of the aircraft industry, DED repaired TiAl parts to be certified for their future use in the aircraft is very important. However, there are no standards for the certification of TiAl repaired parts is reported. Case studies reveal that DED is under consideration for repair of TiAl parts. Hybrid technology comprising machining, repair and finishing capability in a single machine is an attractive implementation strategy to improve repair efficacies. The review shows that the investigations into development and applications of DED-based repairing techniques are limited, which suggests that further investigations are very much needed.","PeriodicalId":51873,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57964665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1051/mfreview/2022025
Karthik Adiga, M. Herbert, S. Rao, A. Shettigar
Composite materials possess advantages like high strength and stiffness with low density and prove their essentiality in the aviation sector. Aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMC) find applications in automotive, aircraft, and marine industries due to their high specific strength, superior wear resistance, and lower thermal expansion. The fabrication of composites using the liquid phase at high temperature leads to the formation of intermetallics and unwanted phases. Friction Stir Processing (FSP) is a novel technique of composite fabrication, with temperature below the melting point of the matrix, achieving good grain refinement. Many researchers reported enhancement of mechanical, microstructure, and tribological properties of AMMC produced by the FSP route. The FSP parameters such as tool rotational speed, tool traverse speeds are found to be having greater impact on uniform dispersion of particles. It is observed that the properties such as tensile strength, hardness, wear and corrosion resistance, are altered by the FSP processes, and the scale of the alterations is influenced significantly by the processing and tool parameters. The strengthening mechanisms responsible for such alterations are discussed in this paper. Advanced engineering materials like shape memory alloys, high entropy alloys, MAX phase materials and intermetallics as reinforcement material are also discussed. Challenges and opportunities in FSP to manufacture AMMC are summarized, providing great benefit to researchers working on FSP technique.
{"title":"Applications of reinforcement particles in the fabrication of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites by Friction Stir Processing - A Review","authors":"Karthik Adiga, M. Herbert, S. Rao, A. Shettigar","doi":"10.1051/mfreview/2022025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mfreview/2022025","url":null,"abstract":"Composite materials possess advantages like high strength and stiffness with low density and prove their essentiality in the aviation sector. Aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMC) find applications in automotive, aircraft, and marine industries due to their high specific strength, superior wear resistance, and lower thermal expansion. The fabrication of composites using the liquid phase at high temperature leads to the formation of intermetallics and unwanted phases. Friction Stir Processing (FSP) is a novel technique of composite fabrication, with temperature below the melting point of the matrix, achieving good grain refinement. Many researchers reported enhancement of mechanical, microstructure, and tribological properties of AMMC produced by the FSP route. The FSP parameters such as tool rotational speed, tool traverse speeds are found to be having greater impact on uniform dispersion of particles. It is observed that the properties such as tensile strength, hardness, wear and corrosion resistance, are altered by the FSP processes, and the scale of the alterations is influenced significantly by the processing and tool parameters. The strengthening mechanisms responsible for such alterations are discussed in this paper. Advanced engineering materials like shape memory alloys, high entropy alloys, MAX phase materials and intermetallics as reinforcement material are also discussed. Challenges and opportunities in FSP to manufacture AMMC are summarized, providing great benefit to researchers working on FSP technique.","PeriodicalId":51873,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57964675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1051/mfreview/2022027
M. Mashabela, M. Maringa, T. Dzogbewu
Metal matrix composites possess good mechanical properties at high temperatures making them good candidates for components that operate in conditions of high temperatures where they have to withstand static creep and cyclic fatigue loads. The mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V including hardness, strength, modulus of elasticity, and wear resistance can be enhanced with nano particulates to obtain lighter and stronger materials that can function at elevated temperatures. This paper starts with a brief background on composite materials and then turns to analysis of carbon nanotubes, titanium carbide, silicon carbide, titanium boride, titanium diboride, and titanium nitride nano particulate materials as candidates for the reinforcement for Ti6Al4V to form composites for aerospace applications. Based on a comparison of their physical properties of melting point, coefficient of thermal expansion, density and mechanical properties of strength, Young's modulus and hardness all obtained from literature, the paper narrows down on multiwalled carbon nanotubes and titanium diboride as the preferred nano composites for this use. Presently, experimental work is under way to determine optimum process parameters for additively built carbon nanotube/Ti6Al4V composites that will be used to build three-dimensional specimens for testing to determine their mechanical properties. This is expected to clarify the value of incorporating the carbon nanotubes in the Ti6Al4V matrix with respect to selected mechanical properties. Future work is envisaged on additively build titanium diboride/Ti6Al4V composites to the same end and in order to determine which of the two nano particles is best in enhancing the mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V.
{"title":"Nanoparticulate reinforced composites and their application to additively manufactured TI6AL4V for use in the aerospace sector","authors":"M. Mashabela, M. Maringa, T. Dzogbewu","doi":"10.1051/mfreview/2022027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mfreview/2022027","url":null,"abstract":"Metal matrix composites possess good mechanical properties at high temperatures making them good candidates for components that operate in conditions of high temperatures where they have to withstand static creep and cyclic fatigue loads. The mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V including hardness, strength, modulus of elasticity, and wear resistance can be enhanced with nano particulates to obtain lighter and stronger materials that can function at elevated temperatures. This paper starts with a brief background on composite materials and then turns to analysis of carbon nanotubes, titanium carbide, silicon carbide, titanium boride, titanium diboride, and titanium nitride nano particulate materials as candidates for the reinforcement for Ti6Al4V to form composites for aerospace applications. Based on a comparison of their physical properties of melting point, coefficient of thermal expansion, density and mechanical properties of strength, Young's modulus and hardness all obtained from literature, the paper narrows down on multiwalled carbon nanotubes and titanium diboride as the preferred nano composites for this use. Presently, experimental work is under way to determine optimum process parameters for additively built carbon nanotube/Ti6Al4V composites that will be used to build three-dimensional specimens for testing to determine their mechanical properties. This is expected to clarify the value of incorporating the carbon nanotubes in the Ti6Al4V matrix with respect to selected mechanical properties. Future work is envisaged on additively build titanium diboride/Ti6Al4V composites to the same end and in order to determine which of the two nano particles is best in enhancing the mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V.","PeriodicalId":51873,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57964730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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