Τhe geological history of the island topoi started in the interior of the primordial sea of our planet hundreds of millions of years ago, an immensely long time before the appearance of humans. Evidence of hominid-“islanders”, and, consequently, their age-old sea crossings, is today being traced deeper and deeper in Palaeolithic stratigraphies. Written forms of the concept of islands exist in early scripts and, with consistency, later in Homer, in ancient literature and in other accounts. Research on islands was established in the 19th and early 20th centuries in major works by authors such as Darwin and Malinowski. But, despite such initial or “proto” activity, how much has our modern synthesis of knowledge and interdisciplinary understanding of islands and islanders – and their territories and seas, identities and behaviours – progressed? What makes us keep wondering about natural and human-made material and symbolic islandscapes, and their potential similarities and distinctions from non-insular worlds? Following on from previous reflections about the work of the University of Crete’s Island Interdisciplinary Workshop that mainly derive from our archaeological and interdisciplinary study of the island of Gavdos, off the southwestern shore of Crete, I shall try to suggest a relevant methodological framework by summarising a number of insular issues in a diachronic Aegean and Mediterranean perspective.
{"title":"Questioning Islands, Islanders and Insularity in the Mediterranean Longue Durée: Some views from the island of Gavdos (Crete, Greece)","authors":"K. Kopaka","doi":"10.21463/SHIMA.13.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21463/SHIMA.13.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Τhe geological history of the island topoi started in the interior of the primordial sea of our planet hundreds of millions of years ago, an immensely long time before the appearance of humans. Evidence of hominid-“islanders”, and, consequently, their age-old sea crossings, is today being traced deeper and deeper in Palaeolithic stratigraphies. Written forms of the concept of islands exist in early scripts and, with consistency, later in Homer, in ancient literature and in other accounts. Research on islands was established in the 19th and early 20th centuries in major works by authors such as Darwin and Malinowski. But, despite such initial or “proto” activity, how much has our modern synthesis of knowledge and interdisciplinary understanding of islands and islanders – and their territories and seas, identities and behaviours – progressed? What makes us keep wondering about natural and human-made material and symbolic islandscapes, and their potential similarities and distinctions from non-insular worlds? Following on from previous reflections about the work of the University of Crete’s Island Interdisciplinary Workshop that mainly derive from our archaeological and interdisciplinary study of the island of Gavdos, off the southwestern shore of Crete, I shall try to suggest a relevant methodological framework by summarising a number of insular issues in a diachronic Aegean and Mediterranean perspective.","PeriodicalId":51896,"journal":{"name":"Shima-The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85071043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article provides comprehensive research on sub-regional cooperation between former Soviet Union countries in the Black Sea region. Established in 1997, the Organisation for Democracy and Economic Development in Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Moldova (ODED-GUAM), united four countries in their desire to proceed with sub-regional cooperation and the ambitious goal of challenging the traditional power distribution in the region. In the first part of this article I discuss the rationale for a new sub-regional organisation and the stages of its development. From the very beginning, the ODED-GUAM prioritised democratic and economic development, where security was a secondary factor. With Russia regaining economic might and strengthening control over the region, the security challenges become a major factor of instability for all members of ODED-GUAM. Starting with Nagorno-Karabakh and Transnistria conflicts in early nineties, continuing with the Georgian War in 2008 and climaxing with Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014, the region is experiencing long lasting instability with a growing number of “frozen” and ongoing conflicts.
{"title":"The Annexation of Crimea and Continuing Instability in the Black Sea Region: Dynamics of regional security and new challenges for the Organisation for Democracy and Economic Development (GUAM)","authors":"Milana Nikolko","doi":"10.21463/SHIMA.13.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21463/SHIMA.13.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides comprehensive research on sub-regional cooperation between former Soviet Union countries in the Black Sea region. Established in 1997, the Organisation for Democracy and Economic Development in Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Moldova (ODED-GUAM), united four countries in their desire to proceed with sub-regional cooperation and the ambitious goal of challenging the traditional power distribution in the region. In the first part of this article I discuss the rationale for a new sub-regional organisation and the stages of its development. From the very beginning, the ODED-GUAM prioritised democratic and economic development, where security was a secondary factor. With Russia regaining economic might and strengthening control over the region, the security challenges become a major factor of instability for all members of ODED-GUAM. Starting with Nagorno-Karabakh and Transnistria conflicts in early nineties, continuing with the Georgian War in 2008 and climaxing with Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014, the region is experiencing long lasting instability with a growing number of “frozen” and ongoing conflicts.","PeriodicalId":51896,"journal":{"name":"Shima-The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91081790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Islandscapes of the Azores and Madeira in the Art of Nuno Henrique, Maria José Cavaco and Rui Melo","authors":"Ana Nolasco","doi":"10.21463/SHIMA.13.1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21463/SHIMA.13.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51896,"journal":{"name":"Shima-The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84025523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article makes distinctions between stories of islands and island history, between descriptions of individual islands and the subject matter of Island Studies. St Helena is used as the case study, not during its days on the global stage as the prison for Napoleon, but earlier, when it was a revictualing station for East India Company ships returning from the Orient. Events and stories on St Helena during this period are seen to be part of a much wider historical setting of global trade and nascent imperialism. International contestation played a role, too, with the island changing hands twice in 1673 when the Dutch conquerors were displaced by the English navy. Following recapture, the earlier attempts of the East India Company to establish a utopian society on their island were abandoned and a harsh regime imposed, which was met with sedition, mutiny and a slave rebellion. The article concludes with a discussion of the growing realisation of the significance of St Helena and other islands to the study of imperial history.
{"title":"Island History, not the Story of Islands: The Case of St Helena","authors":"S. Royle","doi":"10.21463/SHIMA.13.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21463/SHIMA.13.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"This article makes distinctions between stories of islands and island history, between descriptions of individual islands and the subject matter of Island Studies. St Helena is used as the case study, not during its days on the global stage as the prison for Napoleon, but earlier, when it was a revictualing station for East India Company ships returning from the Orient. Events and stories on St Helena during this period are seen to be part of a much wider historical setting of global trade and nascent imperialism. International contestation played a role, too, with the island changing hands twice in 1673 when the Dutch conquerors were displaced by the English navy. Following recapture, the earlier attempts of the East India Company to establish a utopian society on their island were abandoned and a harsh regime imposed, which was met with sedition, mutiny and a slave rebellion. The article concludes with a discussion of the growing realisation of the significance of St Helena and other islands to the study of imperial history.","PeriodicalId":51896,"journal":{"name":"Shima-The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures","volume":"40 3‐4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72405099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Crimea – Almost an Island?","authors":"O. Oleinikova","doi":"10.21463/SHIMA.13.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21463/SHIMA.13.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51896,"journal":{"name":"Shima-The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87993480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christmas Island is located 350 kilometres south of Jakarta and 1,400 kilometres north-west of the mid-north coast of the state of Western Australia (Figure 1) and has a land area of 165 square kilometres. The island’s history of human inhabitation is comparatively shallow, commencing in 1899, shortly after it was claimed by the United Kingdom, the merchantadventurer George Clunies-Ross began to exploit its considerable phosphate deposits by importing indentured labourers from Malaya, Singapore and China (see Hunt, 2011). Initially administered by the Clunies-Ross family and British colonial authorities in Singapore, the island was transferred to Australian control in 1958 and since 1997 together with the Cocos [Keeling] Islands has formed part of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories. The cultural and linguistic diversity of the island’s population is highly distinct within Australia on account of the prominence of individuals with non-European ancestry within its community. Of its population of 1843 (2016 Australian Bureau of Statistics census figures), 61.5% were born outside of Australia. 21.1% identify as being of Chinese ancestry, 12% Malay and 25.9% claim Australian, English or Irish ancestry. These census figures merit comment in that for all they may represent the population of Christmas Island at the date of census, a hidden aspect of ABS statistics is the proportion of those surveyed who were temporary residents at time of census. With regard to the continuing and/or multi-generational population of the island, those of Chinese and Malay ancestry are the most prominent, with traces of their 120-year involvement with the island being present in its material and folkloric history.
{"title":"The Dark Side of Christmas: Incarceration and Alienation in Gabrielle Brady’s film Island of the Hungry Ghosts (2018)","authors":"P. Hayward","doi":"10.21463/SHIMA.13.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21463/SHIMA.13.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"Christmas Island is located 350 kilometres south of Jakarta and 1,400 kilometres north-west of the mid-north coast of the state of Western Australia (Figure 1) and has a land area of 165 square kilometres. The island’s history of human inhabitation is comparatively shallow, commencing in 1899, shortly after it was claimed by the United Kingdom, the merchantadventurer George Clunies-Ross began to exploit its considerable phosphate deposits by importing indentured labourers from Malaya, Singapore and China (see Hunt, 2011). Initially administered by the Clunies-Ross family and British colonial authorities in Singapore, the island was transferred to Australian control in 1958 and since 1997 together with the Cocos [Keeling] Islands has formed part of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories. The cultural and linguistic diversity of the island’s population is highly distinct within Australia on account of the prominence of individuals with non-European ancestry within its community. Of its population of 1843 (2016 Australian Bureau of Statistics census figures), 61.5% were born outside of Australia. 21.1% identify as being of Chinese ancestry, 12% Malay and 25.9% claim Australian, English or Irish ancestry. These census figures merit comment in that for all they may represent the population of Christmas Island at the date of census, a hidden aspect of ABS statistics is the proportion of those surveyed who were temporary residents at time of census. With regard to the continuing and/or multi-generational population of the island, those of Chinese and Malay ancestry are the most prominent, with traces of their 120-year involvement with the island being present in its material and folkloric history.","PeriodicalId":51896,"journal":{"name":"Shima-The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90978628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Royal Republic of Ladonia, the brainchild of artist Lars Vilks, is a micronation that advocates freedom of expression, supporting art and creativity. This article outlines Ladonia as the physical territory claimed in the Kullaberg peninsula in Sweden and the online community, where the government, nobles, and citizens gather. Ladonia coexists as both a physical territory and as a large and active online community, distinguishing itself from other micronations, which are either active online communities or claim small physical territories. Using Ladonia as the context, this article extends the concept of aislamiento (insularity/islandness) to show how a micronation can have coexisting and interrelated states of aislamiento.
{"title":"The Royal Republic of Ladonia: A Micronation built of Driftwood, Concrete and Bytes","authors":"Vicente Bicudo de Castro, R. Kober","doi":"10.21463/SHIMA.13.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21463/SHIMA.13.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"The Royal Republic of Ladonia, the brainchild of artist Lars Vilks, is a micronation that advocates freedom of expression, supporting art and creativity. This article outlines Ladonia as the physical territory claimed in the Kullaberg peninsula in Sweden and the online community, where the government, nobles, and citizens gather. Ladonia coexists as both a physical territory and as a large and active online community, distinguishing itself from other micronations, which are either active online communities or claim small physical territories. Using Ladonia as the context, this article extends the concept of aislamiento (insularity/islandness) to show how a micronation can have coexisting and interrelated states of aislamiento.","PeriodicalId":51896,"journal":{"name":"Shima-The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76697803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This short research note provides an introduction to the lion-ship symbol of England’s Cinque Ports (comprising the head, forelegs and upper torso of a lion and the middle and rear section of a 13th Century turreted wooden warship) and an artist’s statement concerning my deployment of it alongside the more established figure of the (mermaidform) siren in a recent artwork entitled ‘Brexit Wrexit’ that reflects my feelings about the United Kingdom’s 2017 vote to leave the European Union. These figures are juxtaposed over a freely rendered map of Western Europe, providing a form of illuminated cartography. Discussion of the overall work, of details from it and their inspiration point to the manner in which long-established heraldic motifs and cultural figures contain embedded meanings that can be activated in fresh contexts to illuminate current socio-political developments.
{"title":"Lion-Ships, Sirens And Illuminated Cartography: Deploying heraldic and folkloric figures in critique of Brexit","authors":"Lucy Guenot","doi":"10.21463/shima.12.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21463/shima.12.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"This short research note provides an introduction to the lion-ship symbol of England’s Cinque Ports (comprising the head, forelegs and upper torso of a lion and the middle and rear section of a 13th Century turreted wooden warship) and an artist’s statement concerning my deployment of it alongside the more established figure of the (mermaidform) siren in a recent artwork entitled ‘Brexit Wrexit’ that reflects my feelings about the United Kingdom’s 2017 vote to leave the European Union. These figures are juxtaposed over a freely rendered map of Western Europe, providing a form of illuminated cartography. Discussion of the overall work, of details from it and their inspiration point to the manner in which long-established heraldic motifs and cultural figures contain embedded meanings that can be activated in fresh contexts to illuminate current socio-political developments.","PeriodicalId":51896,"journal":{"name":"Shima-The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74872453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Melusine As Alchemical Siren In André Breton’s Arcane 17 (1945)","authors":"A. Woodcock","doi":"10.21463/shima.12.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21463/shima.12.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51896,"journal":{"name":"Shima-The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74942909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Preschool education requires articulate, reflective and highly qualified teachers. However, within the teaching profession, it is claimed that preschool teachers have the lowest sense of professional self. Determining the professional status of the preschool teachers is problematic and begins with preschool teacher sense of professionals self. Using a mixed methods research methodology, the study garnered quantitative as well as personal insights into preschool teachers’ sense of professional self. The findings showed that the preschool teachers have an emerging sense of professionalism. The study also highlighted the importance in providing opportunities for collaboration and teamwork practices within supportive learning communities and mentors to support positive outcomes for preschool teachers' professional learning. Teacher education and professional development programmes, together with statutory and professional organisations have to take the lead in bringing the profession forward. Importantly, the sector must continue to develop preschool leaders for knowledge exchange and generation in a landscape that is evolving quickly.
{"title":"“Are Mermaids Real?” Rhetorical Discourses and the Science of Merfolk","authors":"Peter N. Goggin","doi":"10.21463/SHIMA.12.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21463/SHIMA.12.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"Preschool education requires articulate, reflective and highly qualified teachers. However, within the teaching profession, it is claimed that preschool teachers have the lowest sense of professional self. Determining the professional status of the preschool teachers is problematic and begins with preschool teacher sense of professionals self. Using a mixed methods research methodology, the study garnered quantitative as well as personal insights into preschool teachers’ sense of professional self. The findings showed that the preschool teachers have an emerging sense of professionalism. The study also highlighted the importance in providing opportunities for collaboration and teamwork practices within supportive learning communities and mentors to support positive outcomes for preschool teachers' professional learning. Teacher education and professional development programmes, together with statutory and professional organisations have to take the lead in bringing the profession forward. Importantly, the sector must continue to develop preschool leaders for knowledge exchange and generation in a landscape that is evolving quickly.","PeriodicalId":51896,"journal":{"name":"Shima-The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77499866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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