{"title":"Curating a Decolonial Guide: The Detours Project","authors":"H. Aikau, Vicuña Gonzalez","doi":"10.21463/shima.13.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21463/shima.13.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51896,"journal":{"name":"Shima-The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82858117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Alvarez, D. Munita, Rodrigo Mera, Ítalo Borlando, Francisco Ther-Ríos, David Núñez, Carlos Hidalgo, P. Hayward
{"title":"Rebounding From Extractivism: The history and re-assertion of traditional weir-fishing practices in the Interior Sea of Chiloé","authors":"R. Alvarez, D. Munita, Rodrigo Mera, Ítalo Borlando, Francisco Ther-Ríos, David Núñez, Carlos Hidalgo, P. Hayward","doi":"10.21463/shima.13.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21463/shima.13.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51896,"journal":{"name":"Shima-The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78814853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Desert Islands (2004) Deleuze discussed the concept of second origin and how a people’s second birth is borne out by its transversal becoming as an island assemblage. Today, islands and open seas, aquatic spaces and land assemblages have become materials or objects of capture that reflect the volatility of geopolitical interests, involving sovereignty issues, historical rights of ownership, effective occupation, etc; all revolving around economic returns and military gains. One particular case is archipelagic Southeast Asia with its active border disputes and inter-island ownership claims. Deleuze took up the promise of transversality, among others, in the notion of island assemblages where islands become consciousness and consciousness becomes islands. What better way to renew this promise other than in Island Studies today? Even so, transversal islands call for reinventing cartographies and island diagramming as much as renewing critical awareness of totalising assignations. The latter involve actants (human and nonhuman) that Deleuze identified with modern forms of subject assignations, such as the state’s reterritorialisations of identity representations, but also with the creative (nonhuman) energies of subjects seeking totalising reductions. This article offers a critical survey of these assignations with especial focus on archipelagic Southeast Asia.
{"title":"Mapping a People to Come: Lessons from stressed islands and island assemblages in archipelagic Southeast Asia and other transversals","authors":"Virgilio A. Rivas","doi":"10.21463/shima.13.2.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21463/shima.13.2.09","url":null,"abstract":"In Desert Islands (2004) Deleuze discussed the concept of second origin and how a people’s second birth is borne out by its transversal becoming as an island assemblage. Today, islands and open seas, aquatic spaces and land assemblages have become materials or objects of capture that reflect the volatility of geopolitical interests, involving sovereignty issues, historical rights of ownership, effective occupation, etc; all revolving around economic returns and military gains. One particular case is archipelagic Southeast Asia with its active border disputes and inter-island ownership claims. Deleuze took up the promise of transversality, among others, in the notion of island assemblages where islands become consciousness and consciousness becomes islands. What better way to renew this promise other than in Island Studies today? Even so, transversal islands call for reinventing cartographies and island diagramming as much as renewing critical awareness of totalising assignations. The latter involve actants (human and nonhuman) that Deleuze identified with modern forms of subject assignations, such as the state’s reterritorialisations of identity representations, but also with the creative (nonhuman) energies of subjects seeking totalising reductions. This article offers a critical survey of these assignations with especial focus on archipelagic Southeast Asia.","PeriodicalId":51896,"journal":{"name":"Shima-The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85557769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay is based on ethnographic fieldwork carried out from December 2017 to August 2019. In it, I reframe the condition of disaster that Puerto Rico faced after Hurricane Maria through a consideration of the political economy of the post-hurricane crisis. I consider the ways that Puerto Rico has become a highly active extractive zone on the periphery of US empire and the role of Maria in these transformations, including in terms of the politics of knowledge production. I investigate the notion of auto-gestión for the ways it acts as both a mode of survival within the permanent crisis, and as a quandary of decolonisation that sometimes buttresses colonial state power. I also document some of the autonomous efforts that were part of the recovery, questions that people who survived the storm continue to confront in their everyday lives, and the importance of resource sharing strategies that exist outside the commodity market. Ultimately, enacting food sovereignty within a colony is a paradox, but one that harbours transformative potential. What is transformed after Maria? What changes lie ahead? What role will small farming and climate change play? Puerto Rico’s future remains in question.
{"title":"Puerto Rico: The Future In Question","authors":"A. Garriga-López","doi":"10.21463/shima.13.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21463/shima.13.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"This essay is based on ethnographic fieldwork carried out from December 2017 to August 2019. In it, I reframe the condition of disaster that Puerto Rico faced after Hurricane Maria through a consideration of the political economy of the post-hurricane crisis. I consider the ways that Puerto Rico has become a highly active extractive zone on the periphery of US empire and the role of Maria in these transformations, including in terms of the politics of knowledge production. I investigate the notion of auto-gestión for the ways it acts as both a mode of survival within the permanent crisis, and as a quandary of decolonisation that sometimes buttresses colonial state power. I also document some of the autonomous efforts that were part of the recovery, questions that people who survived the storm continue to confront in their everyday lives, and the importance of resource sharing strategies that exist outside the commodity market. Ultimately, enacting food sovereignty within a colony is a paradox, but one that harbours transformative potential. What is transformed after Maria? What changes lie ahead? What role will small farming and climate change play? Puerto Rico’s future remains in question.","PeriodicalId":51896,"journal":{"name":"Shima-The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91295690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since 2002, roughly 19,000 refugees have reached Maltese shores. Both European Union law as well as national Maltese policies shape their reception and treatment. In discourse, these refugees are repeatedly represented as a threat to the social order on the island and its unique Maltese identity. Through various practices of separating refugees from non-refugee society, the societal vision of Maltese uniqueness is stabilised as a sociotechnical imaginary. Through these practices a prison spatiality experienced by refugees emerges. The emergence of this spatiality is illustrated by drawing on long-term ethnographic fieldwork with both refugee and non-refugee institutional actors. Pointing to the relationship between the emergent spatiality and societal self-understandings connecting past, present and future visions of Maltese identity, the concept of sociotechnical imaginaries is applied in conjunction with theories of islandness. It is analysed how practices of physical separation, the impediment of social participation, legal separation and its partial suspension enact Malta as a prison for refugees and thereby stabilise a concrete vision of Maltese identity.
{"title":"Preserving Maltese Identity in Refugee Management: On the Emergence and Absence of a Prison Spatiality","authors":"Laura Otto, Sarah Nimführ, P. Bieler","doi":"10.21463/shima.13.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21463/shima.13.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2002, roughly 19,000 refugees have reached Maltese shores. Both European Union law as well as national Maltese policies shape their reception and treatment. In discourse, these refugees are repeatedly represented as a threat to the social order on the island and its unique Maltese identity. Through various practices of separating refugees from non-refugee society, the societal vision of Maltese uniqueness is stabilised as a sociotechnical imaginary. Through these practices a prison spatiality experienced by refugees emerges. The emergence of this spatiality is illustrated by drawing on long-term ethnographic fieldwork with both refugee and non-refugee institutional actors. Pointing to the relationship between the emergent spatiality and societal self-understandings connecting past, present and future visions of Maltese identity, the concept of sociotechnical imaginaries is applied in conjunction with theories of islandness. It is analysed how practices of physical separation, the impediment of social participation, legal separation and its partial suspension enact Malta as a prison for refugees and thereby stabilise a concrete vision of Maltese identity.","PeriodicalId":51896,"journal":{"name":"Shima-The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76243435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Soundtracking a Micronation: Neurobash’s engagement with Ladonia","authors":"Sheila Hallerton, M. Hill","doi":"10.21463/SHIMA.13.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21463/SHIMA.13.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51896,"journal":{"name":"Shima-The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77691831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Building on her previous work on disaster capitalism and the shock doctrine, Naomi Klein’s latest (2018) essay analyses the disaster that ensued on the islands of Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria hit on September 20th 2017. The essay (my Puerto Rican colleagues like to call it a librito a ‘little book’) is 80 pages long and is 16 cm x 11.5cm in size. It is easy to read and gives an overall picture of the challenges faced by Puerto Rico due to the recent natural disaster and the forces that existed prior to Maria. Unfortunately, due to its limited length and its appeal to a broad target audience, Klein only provides glimpses of the economic and political situation of Puerto Rico. One can only really understand Puerto Rico's plight by considering those forces that have existed since the Spanish-American War of 1898 that made Puerto Rico a de facto colony of the United States (after 400 years of Spanish rule); a process of double-colonisation that has undeniably affected the psyche of the people of Puerto Rico.
{"title":"Naomi Klein’s The Battle for Paradise: Puerto Rico Takes on the Disaster Capitalists","authors":"Valérie Vézina","doi":"10.21463/SHIMA.13.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21463/SHIMA.13.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Building on her previous work on disaster capitalism and the shock doctrine, Naomi Klein’s latest (2018) essay analyses the disaster that ensued on the islands of Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria hit on September 20th 2017. The essay (my Puerto Rican colleagues like to call it a librito a ‘little book’) is 80 pages long and is 16 cm x 11.5cm in size. It is easy to read and gives an overall picture of the challenges faced by Puerto Rico due to the recent natural disaster and the forces that existed prior to Maria. Unfortunately, due to its limited length and its appeal to a broad target audience, Klein only provides glimpses of the economic and political situation of Puerto Rico. One can only really understand Puerto Rico's plight by considering those forces that have existed since the Spanish-American War of 1898 that made Puerto Rico a de facto colony of the United States (after 400 years of Spanish rule); a process of double-colonisation that has undeniably affected the psyche of the people of Puerto Rico.","PeriodicalId":51896,"journal":{"name":"Shima-The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88145942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Canary Islands is a non-sovereign archipelago that has been incorporated into the Spanish Kingdom since the 14th Century. These islands, located 100 kilometres off the northwest coast of Africa and some 1000km from the Spanish peninsular, have been subject to malleable and often distorted representations in different official maps, which have often not reflected the geographical reality of the archipelagic territory. This article investigates the extent to which aspects of colonial history, such as cartography (the spatial element), the precolonial past (the element of historical consciousness) and/or new categorisation as a "European ultraperiphery" (the rhetorical element) have affected the socio-political identity of the Canary Islands. The latter aspects have created an identity characterised by a lack of consciousness of the islands’ most obvious characteristic of their being an (offshore) territory of the African continent. Canarian society has thereby lost its “spatial latitude” (ie an African geographical reality) in favor of a “cognitive latitude” (ie its imagination as an extension of Europe).
{"title":"The Identity of the Canary Islands: A Critical Analysis of Colonial Cartography","authors":"Ayoze Corujo Hernández","doi":"10.21463/SHIMA.13.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21463/SHIMA.13.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"The Canary Islands is a non-sovereign archipelago that has been incorporated into the Spanish Kingdom since the 14th Century. These islands, located 100 kilometres off the northwest coast of Africa and some 1000km from the Spanish peninsular, have been subject to malleable and often distorted representations in different official maps, which have often not reflected the geographical reality of the archipelagic territory. This article investigates the extent to which aspects of colonial history, such as cartography (the spatial element), the precolonial past (the element of historical consciousness) and/or new categorisation as a \"European ultraperiphery\" (the rhetorical element) have affected the socio-political identity of the Canary Islands. The latter aspects have created an identity characterised by a lack of consciousness of the islands’ most obvious characteristic of their being an (offshore) territory of the African continent. Canarian society has thereby lost its “spatial latitude” (ie an African geographical reality) in favor of a “cognitive latitude” (ie its imagination as an extension of Europe).","PeriodicalId":51896,"journal":{"name":"Shima-The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89542074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During and immediately after the crisis that resulted in Russia’s annexation of the Crimean Peninsula in 2014, a number of commentators in the US media referenced Lev Tolstoy’s Sebastopol Sketches and Vasily Aksyonov’s The Island of Crimea as works of literary fiction that helped to explain or even predicted present-day events. Although there is some superficial truth to such statements, both works are actually far more interested in exposing and undermining processes that distorted the reality of Crimea – historical in Tolstoy’s case, speculative in Aksyonov’s – in the service of Russian nationalism. The 2014 crisis was just one of many instances in the past three centuries that involved the use of a “hyperreal” rhetoric of kinship that ostensibly binds the fates of Crimea and Russia together. Rather than simply offering a particularised political commentary on past, present, and future Crimean-Russian relations, both Tolstoy and Aksyonov used Crimea as a fictionalised setting for their critique of the folly of such cynically “imagined geographies” in general.
{"title":"Hyperreality in the Black Sea: Fictions of Crimea in novels by Lev Tolstoy and Vasily Aksyonov","authors":"Derek C. Maus","doi":"10.21463/SHIMA.13.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21463/SHIMA.13.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"During and immediately after the crisis that resulted in Russia’s annexation of the Crimean Peninsula in 2014, a number of commentators in the US media referenced Lev Tolstoy’s Sebastopol Sketches and Vasily Aksyonov’s The Island of Crimea as works of literary fiction that helped to explain or even predicted present-day events. Although there is some superficial truth to such statements, both works are actually far more interested in exposing and undermining processes that distorted the reality of Crimea – historical in Tolstoy’s case, speculative in Aksyonov’s – in the service of Russian nationalism. The 2014 crisis was just one of many instances in the past three centuries that involved the use of a “hyperreal” rhetoric of kinship that ostensibly binds the fates of Crimea and Russia together. Rather than simply offering a particularised political commentary on past, present, and future Crimean-Russian relations, both Tolstoy and Aksyonov used Crimea as a fictionalised setting for their critique of the folly of such cynically “imagined geographies” in general.","PeriodicalId":51896,"journal":{"name":"Shima-The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82708414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is based on a study conducted on the Iles du Ponant islands in western France which focused on the relationship between islands and the medium of television. Two approaches were developed. First, a large corpus of television reports was analysed. Second, two geographers produced a documentary series presenting the results of a study on the social, economic and regional dynamics of the Iles du Ponant. Our objective is not to expand on the contents of the representations of these islands which were disseminated by traditional television media or in the documentary series developed by the above-mentioned geographers. Rather, we seek to show how this approach may prove beneficial, both for island territories and for research. We will also question the role audiovisual media play in Island Studies more generally.
这篇文章是基于对法国西部的Iles du Ponant群岛进行的一项研究，重点研究了岛屿与电视媒介之间的关系。研究人员开发了两种方法。首先，分析了大量的电视报道。其次，两位地理学家制作了一个系列纪录片，介绍了对庞南岛的社会、经济和区域动态的研究结果。我们的目标不是要扩大传统电视媒体或上述地理学家制作的系列纪录片所传播的关于这些岛屿的描述的内容。相反，我们试图表明这种方法如何可能证明对岛屿领土和研究都是有益的。我们也会更广泛地质疑视听媒体在岛屿研究中所扮演的角色。
{"title":"Analysing and Producing Television Reports: A study of the Îles du Ponant that analyses how the audiovisual sector may contribute to Island Studies and Island Development","authors":"Laura Corsi, L. Brigand","doi":"10.21463/SHIMA.13.1.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21463/SHIMA.13.1.09","url":null,"abstract":"This article is based on a study conducted on the Iles du Ponant islands in western France which focused on the relationship between islands and the medium of television. Two approaches were developed. First, a large corpus of television reports was analysed. Second, two geographers produced a documentary series presenting the results of a study on the social, economic and regional dynamics of the Iles du Ponant. Our objective is not to expand on the contents of the representations of these islands which were disseminated by traditional television media or in the documentary series developed by the above-mentioned geographers. Rather, we seek to show how this approach may prove beneficial, both for island territories and for research. We will also question the role audiovisual media play in Island Studies more generally.","PeriodicalId":51896,"journal":{"name":"Shima-The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures","volume":"10 19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82874560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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