Pub Date : 2021-05-21DOI: 10.1080/02619288.2021.1934673
D. Renshaw
ABSTRACT This article examines the relationship between the ‘othering’ of Irish and Jewish communities in London up to the end of the 1920s, and punitive action and harassment against these minorities on the part of the British state. Beginning by looking at early articulations of antisemitic and anti-Irish prejudice, it will consider how the associations of both groups with radical politics and transgressive behaviour led to the negative involvement of the Metropolitan Police in the lives of Jewish and Irish Londoners on a day-to-day level at the end of the Victorian era and into the Edwardian period. The situation was then exacerbated through the experience of war, and the revolutionary events in Dublin in 1916 and Petrograd in 1917. Irish and Jewish communities, as transnational diasporas, were associated with international subversion, and militant action in London itself. The article will discuss the campaign waged by the state in its various manifestations between 1918 and 1922, including arrest and imprisonment without trial and deportation to Ireland and Eastern Europe. It will conclude by identifying how the actions of the state against Irish and Jewish communities anticipated action against other minorities over the course of the twentieth century.
{"title":"Old Prejudices and New Prejudices: State Surveillance and Harassment of Irish and Jewish Communities in London – 1800-1930","authors":"D. Renshaw","doi":"10.1080/02619288.2021.1934673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02619288.2021.1934673","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines the relationship between the ‘othering’ of Irish and Jewish communities in London up to the end of the 1920s, and punitive action and harassment against these minorities on the part of the British state. Beginning by looking at early articulations of antisemitic and anti-Irish prejudice, it will consider how the associations of both groups with radical politics and transgressive behaviour led to the negative involvement of the Metropolitan Police in the lives of Jewish and Irish Londoners on a day-to-day level at the end of the Victorian era and into the Edwardian period. The situation was then exacerbated through the experience of war, and the revolutionary events in Dublin in 1916 and Petrograd in 1917. Irish and Jewish communities, as transnational diasporas, were associated with international subversion, and militant action in London itself. The article will discuss the campaign waged by the state in its various manifestations between 1918 and 1922, including arrest and imprisonment without trial and deportation to Ireland and Eastern Europe. It will conclude by identifying how the actions of the state against Irish and Jewish communities anticipated action against other minorities over the course of the twentieth century.","PeriodicalId":51940,"journal":{"name":"Immigrants and Minorities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02619288.2021.1934673","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47755160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/02619288.2021.1995361
Conor Curran, Conor Heffernan
In 2020 it was announced that mixed martial arts superstar Conor McGregor will fight Filipino boxer Manny Pacquiao, a former World Champion at a record eight different weights, and the current WBA Welterweight Super Champion, in an exhibition boxing match in the Middle East. At the time of writing the bout appears to be in danger, with agents claiming uncertainty as to whether or not it will go ahead. Perhaps the best-known Irish athlete of his generation, McGregor’s reputation, and status, has long generated controversy inside and outside his home country. The proposed Pacquiao fight nevertheless signals McGregor’s ability to move across sports and, indeed, across continents. McGregor dropped from fourth to twenty-first in the Forbes rich list of the world’s highest paid athletes in 2019, despite having earned an estimated $47 million dollars that year, with Northern Ireland-born golfer Rory McIlroy the only other Irish representative in the top 100, placed at number thirty-two. However, The Times noted in 2021 that he was the highest paid athlete in the world, earning £130 million, including salary and sponsorship, greatly exceeding the total paid to Lionel Messi, his closest contender in that category, who reportedly earned £94 million. Messi’s fee was followed by that of Argentinian footballer’s biggest rival, Cristiano Ronaldo (£87 million), the £78 million paid to National Football League player Dak Prescott, and LeBron James, the basketball star, who earned £70 million. Dublin-born McGregor is never far from controversy with his ability to attract global attention through his brash nature, quick knockouts, self-acclaimed early retirements, lavish lifestyle and public
{"title":"‘Sport and Irish Migration: New Perspectives on its History and Development’","authors":"Conor Curran, Conor Heffernan","doi":"10.1080/02619288.2021.1995361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02619288.2021.1995361","url":null,"abstract":"In 2020 it was announced that mixed martial arts superstar Conor McGregor will fight Filipino boxer Manny Pacquiao, a former World Champion at a record eight different weights, and the current WBA Welterweight Super Champion, in an exhibition boxing match in the Middle East. At the time of writing the bout appears to be in danger, with agents claiming uncertainty as to whether or not it will go ahead. Perhaps the best-known Irish athlete of his generation, McGregor’s reputation, and status, has long generated controversy inside and outside his home country. The proposed Pacquiao fight nevertheless signals McGregor’s ability to move across sports and, indeed, across continents. McGregor dropped from fourth to twenty-first in the Forbes rich list of the world’s highest paid athletes in 2019, despite having earned an estimated $47 million dollars that year, with Northern Ireland-born golfer Rory McIlroy the only other Irish representative in the top 100, placed at number thirty-two. However, The Times noted in 2021 that he was the highest paid athlete in the world, earning £130 million, including salary and sponsorship, greatly exceeding the total paid to Lionel Messi, his closest contender in that category, who reportedly earned £94 million. Messi’s fee was followed by that of Argentinian footballer’s biggest rival, Cristiano Ronaldo (£87 million), the £78 million paid to National Football League player Dak Prescott, and LeBron James, the basketball star, who earned £70 million. Dublin-born McGregor is never far from controversy with his ability to attract global attention through his brash nature, quick knockouts, self-acclaimed early retirements, lavish lifestyle and public","PeriodicalId":51940,"journal":{"name":"Immigrants and Minorities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47867677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/02619288.2021.1982700
Conor Curran
ABSTRACT This article examines the migration of Irish-born soccer players to the United States of America to take up soccer scholarships in the late twentieth century. It will show that while Irish athletes had been moving to the universities there to undertake athletic scholarships since the late 1940s, it was not until the late 1960s that soccer players began to be recruited. Irish-American cultural connections often facilitated players’ movement, which has generally been motivated by the lack of opportunities to combine soccer training and education within the Irish higher education system, and the low chances of developing a full-time professional career in soccer in Britain or Ireland. It discusses a number of these players’ soccer careers prior to migration and, in combining oral testimony with newspaper reports, assesses the reasons why they decided to do so. It highlights that while courses were in place in Dublin to facilitate US soccer scholarship entry by the 1990s, players also continued to be recruited informally and some contacted other players and utilised networks in the USA to gain the attention of US coaches.
{"title":"The Migration of Irish-born Players to Undertake US Soccer Scholarships, 1969-2000","authors":"Conor Curran","doi":"10.1080/02619288.2021.1982700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02619288.2021.1982700","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines the migration of Irish-born soccer players to the United States of America to take up soccer scholarships in the late twentieth century. It will show that while Irish athletes had been moving to the universities there to undertake athletic scholarships since the late 1940s, it was not until the late 1960s that soccer players began to be recruited. Irish-American cultural connections often facilitated players’ movement, which has generally been motivated by the lack of opportunities to combine soccer training and education within the Irish higher education system, and the low chances of developing a full-time professional career in soccer in Britain or Ireland. It discusses a number of these players’ soccer careers prior to migration and, in combining oral testimony with newspaper reports, assesses the reasons why they decided to do so. It highlights that while courses were in place in Dublin to facilitate US soccer scholarship entry by the 1990s, players also continued to be recruited informally and some contacted other players and utilised networks in the USA to gain the attention of US coaches.","PeriodicalId":51940,"journal":{"name":"Immigrants and Minorities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43914184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/02619288.2021.1983722
Ryan Murtha, Thomas M. Hunt
ABSTRACT During the 1870s, Daniel O’Leary was the biggest sporting star in the United States. The champion race-walker (or pedestrian, to use the language of the times) was renowned for his speed and his endurance, and travelled the country from San Francisco to New York to put on athletic displays for massive crowds. The newspapers held O’Leary up as an American hero, despite the fact that he was a recent immigrant from Ireland. In this article, we examine the factors that allowed O’Leary to transcend his immigrant status in an era when many others had trouble doing the same. It took a series of temporal accidents – O’Leary’s athletic prime coinciding with a period of relatively favourable views of the Irish, coupled with the flash-in-the-pan popularity of six-day pedestrian races – but in the end Dan O’Leary transformed in the public eye from Irish-American to American. Using newspaper reports and editorials, we can see how the way he was described changed as he grew more successful. Thus, O’Leary stands as evidence not just that sport was used as a tool of assimilation as early as the 1870s, but also that the press had remarkable power to decide who was and was not American.
{"title":"Daniel O’Leary and the Sporting Experiences of Irish Immigrants in the United States","authors":"Ryan Murtha, Thomas M. Hunt","doi":"10.1080/02619288.2021.1983722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02619288.2021.1983722","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT During the 1870s, Daniel O’Leary was the biggest sporting star in the United States. The champion race-walker (or pedestrian, to use the language of the times) was renowned for his speed and his endurance, and travelled the country from San Francisco to New York to put on athletic displays for massive crowds. The newspapers held O’Leary up as an American hero, despite the fact that he was a recent immigrant from Ireland. In this article, we examine the factors that allowed O’Leary to transcend his immigrant status in an era when many others had trouble doing the same. It took a series of temporal accidents – O’Leary’s athletic prime coinciding with a period of relatively favourable views of the Irish, coupled with the flash-in-the-pan popularity of six-day pedestrian races – but in the end Dan O’Leary transformed in the public eye from Irish-American to American. Using newspaper reports and editorials, we can see how the way he was described changed as he grew more successful. Thus, O’Leary stands as evidence not just that sport was used as a tool of assimilation as early as the 1870s, but also that the press had remarkable power to decide who was and was not American.","PeriodicalId":51940,"journal":{"name":"Immigrants and Minorities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45466026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/02619288.2021.1995362
T. Hunt
ABSTRACT The Olympic Games of 1908 featured Irish-born emigrant athletes representing the United States, Canada and Great Britain whilst Irish-domiciled athletes also represented the latter. The competitors of the Diaspora enjoyed an exceptional success rate especially those representing the USA and Canada. The USA success in athletics was powered by members of the Irish-American Athletic Club (I-AAC). Some members visited Dublin after the Games for an international athletics match against Ireland and were exposed to the politics of the sport in Ireland as two rival associations strived to control the sport, the nationalist Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) and the politically more conservative Irish Amateur Athletic Association (IAAA). This division is reflected in the complex reception that these athletes received on their return to Ireland as Irish domiciled athletes who competed successfully in track and field representing Great Britain returned to Ireland without fanfare. Martin Sheridan and the New York-native John Hayes were wined, dined, and eulogised in their public appearances across the country with Sheridan using his appearances as a platform to support the position of the GAA and express his nationalist sentiments.
{"title":"The London Olympics 1908: The Games of the Irish Diaspora","authors":"T. Hunt","doi":"10.1080/02619288.2021.1995362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02619288.2021.1995362","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Olympic Games of 1908 featured Irish-born emigrant athletes representing the United States, Canada and Great Britain whilst Irish-domiciled athletes also represented the latter. The competitors of the Diaspora enjoyed an exceptional success rate especially those representing the USA and Canada. The USA success in athletics was powered by members of the Irish-American Athletic Club (I-AAC). Some members visited Dublin after the Games for an international athletics match against Ireland and were exposed to the politics of the sport in Ireland as two rival associations strived to control the sport, the nationalist Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) and the politically more conservative Irish Amateur Athletic Association (IAAA). This division is reflected in the complex reception that these athletes received on their return to Ireland as Irish domiciled athletes who competed successfully in track and field representing Great Britain returned to Ireland without fanfare. Martin Sheridan and the New York-native John Hayes were wined, dined, and eulogised in their public appearances across the country with Sheridan using his appearances as a platform to support the position of the GAA and express his nationalist sentiments.","PeriodicalId":51940,"journal":{"name":"Immigrants and Minorities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47574260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/02619288.2021.1983430
Conor Heffernan
ABSTRACT Born in Belfast in 1846, Richard K. Fox emigrated to the United States in 1874 and, from there, eventually began a sporting empire which shaped American sport during the late nineteenth-century. Beginning work with the National Police Gazette in 1876, Fox turned the magazine into one of the most influential, and widely read, magazines in the United States. Focusing on boxing, wrestling, strength sports and a host of other activities, the National Police Gazette was renowned for both its breadth of coverage and its unparalleled access among athletes. Few works have situated Fox’s many editorials and sponsorships within the context of his emigrant status. Building on such works, this article provides the first in-depth examination of Richard K. Fox and his importance for Irish athletes (specifically pugilists), and Irish identity, within the United States. At a time of increasing Irish emigration to the United States, especially in the latter half of the nineteenth-century, Fox proved pivotal in the promotion and management of Irish athletes while simultaneously becoming a symbol of successful Irish integration in the United States.
{"title":"Richard K. Fox, the National Police Gazette and Ireland’s Sporting Memory","authors":"Conor Heffernan","doi":"10.1080/02619288.2021.1983430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02619288.2021.1983430","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Born in Belfast in 1846, Richard K. Fox emigrated to the United States in 1874 and, from there, eventually began a sporting empire which shaped American sport during the late nineteenth-century. Beginning work with the National Police Gazette in 1876, Fox turned the magazine into one of the most influential, and widely read, magazines in the United States. Focusing on boxing, wrestling, strength sports and a host of other activities, the National Police Gazette was renowned for both its breadth of coverage and its unparalleled access among athletes. Few works have situated Fox’s many editorials and sponsorships within the context of his emigrant status. Building on such works, this article provides the first in-depth examination of Richard K. Fox and his importance for Irish athletes (specifically pugilists), and Irish identity, within the United States. At a time of increasing Irish emigration to the United States, especially in the latter half of the nineteenth-century, Fox proved pivotal in the promotion and management of Irish athletes while simultaneously becoming a symbol of successful Irish integration in the United States.","PeriodicalId":51940,"journal":{"name":"Immigrants and Minorities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49510600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/02619288.2021.1982701
Frances Harkin
ABSTRACT The GAA essentially performs two key roles in London: on the one hand, functioning as a familiar institution providing opportunities to take part in activities with a tangible link to ‘home’; on the other hand, representing a marker of identity. An examination of the role of Gaelic games in London is timely as various academic fields are increasingly focusing upon the role of cultural practices, such as sport, as identity and community markers in a diaspora. This article contributes to the growing body of work considering the role of sport for members of the Irish diaspora. Drawing on qualitative research in the form of a survey and interviews with members of the GAA in London, it seeks to make sense of the lived experience of being Irish in London and the role that the GAA and Gaelic games play in the lives of different Irish people living in the city, including Irish emigrants and their descendants, the second-generation Irish.
{"title":"‘It’s a Cultural Pull for the Irish Abroad’: Gaelic Games and the Irish Community in Twentieth and Twenty-first Century London","authors":"Frances Harkin","doi":"10.1080/02619288.2021.1982701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02619288.2021.1982701","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The GAA essentially performs two key roles in London: on the one hand, functioning as a familiar institution providing opportunities to take part in activities with a tangible link to ‘home’; on the other hand, representing a marker of identity. An examination of the role of Gaelic games in London is timely as various academic fields are increasingly focusing upon the role of cultural practices, such as sport, as identity and community markers in a diaspora. This article contributes to the growing body of work considering the role of sport for members of the Irish diaspora. Drawing on qualitative research in the form of a survey and interviews with members of the GAA in London, it seeks to make sense of the lived experience of being Irish in London and the role that the GAA and Gaelic games play in the lives of different Irish people living in the city, including Irish emigrants and their descendants, the second-generation Irish.","PeriodicalId":51940,"journal":{"name":"Immigrants and Minorities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47633180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/02619288.2021.1890395
James West
{"title":"The Caribbeanization of Black Politics: Race, Group Consciousness, and Political Participation in America","authors":"James West","doi":"10.1080/02619288.2021.1890395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02619288.2021.1890395","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51940,"journal":{"name":"Immigrants and Minorities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02619288.2021.1890395","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47832577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/02619288.2021.1890385
M. Stibbe
Three overall arguments emerge from this stimulating volume of essays, edited by the Belgian scholars Nico Wouters and Laurence van Ypersele and based on an international conference held in Brussel...
由比利时学者Nico Wouters和Laurence van Ypersele编辑的，以布鲁塞尔举行的一次国际会议为基础，从这本引人入胜的论文集中产生了三个总体论点……
{"title":"Nations, Identities and the First World War: Shifting Loyalties to the Fatherland","authors":"M. Stibbe","doi":"10.1080/02619288.2021.1890385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02619288.2021.1890385","url":null,"abstract":"Three overall arguments emerge from this stimulating volume of essays, edited by the Belgian scholars Nico Wouters and Laurence van Ypersele and based on an international conference held in Brussel...","PeriodicalId":51940,"journal":{"name":"Immigrants and Minorities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02619288.2021.1890385","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47276167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/02619288.2021.1890394
P. Atwal
vital; it is also timely in migration research. If, as the book shows, in the absence of ‘safe, legal paths to seeking refuge and opportunity, new barriers are forcing migrants to pursue more dangerous journeys and seek the services of more established mafias and criminal organizations’ (p.5), then new migration policies are urgently needed. Spending 229 million US dollars in 2014 alone to deport illegal immigrants or 11.3 billion Euros to do the same thing between 2000 and 2015 as the countries in the Schengen region did (p. 29) does not seem to be one of such policies. Migrant, Refugee, Smuggler, Savior is a major and timely contribution to migration research. Not only does it provide intriguing data to fill the void left by years of ‘end-point’ migration research, while demonstrating that the core assumptions of mainstream economics migration research are in need of urgent and fundamental change, it also provides a compelling case to urgently undertake more political-economic analyses of migration.
{"title":"Indian Suffragettes: Female Identities and Transnational Networks","authors":"P. Atwal","doi":"10.1080/02619288.2021.1890394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02619288.2021.1890394","url":null,"abstract":"vital; it is also timely in migration research. If, as the book shows, in the absence of ‘safe, legal paths to seeking refuge and opportunity, new barriers are forcing migrants to pursue more dangerous journeys and seek the services of more established mafias and criminal organizations’ (p.5), then new migration policies are urgently needed. Spending 229 million US dollars in 2014 alone to deport illegal immigrants or 11.3 billion Euros to do the same thing between 2000 and 2015 as the countries in the Schengen region did (p. 29) does not seem to be one of such policies. Migrant, Refugee, Smuggler, Savior is a major and timely contribution to migration research. Not only does it provide intriguing data to fill the void left by years of ‘end-point’ migration research, while demonstrating that the core assumptions of mainstream economics migration research are in need of urgent and fundamental change, it also provides a compelling case to urgently undertake more political-economic analyses of migration.","PeriodicalId":51940,"journal":{"name":"Immigrants and Minorities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02619288.2021.1890394","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43708011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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