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Spain, Color Border Racism as Symptom of the Necessary Failure of the National Identity 西班牙:肤色边界种族主义是民族认同必然失败的表征
IF 0.4 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-04-10 DOI: 10.7238/D.V0I23.3154
Roberto Hernández
Contrary to popular belief, race is not the womb where racism is gestated, but racism invents race, its condition of possibility. This is the only way to understand how this phenomenon has appealed to different orders of our reality to generate the set of rules, ideas, and emotions that are constantly passing through us as society. In this article, we will try to evaluate the incidence of racism in Spain by analyzing the recent impact of illegal migration in the media. Starting from the recognition of the role that coloniality has played throughout its history as well as of the disturbing necessity it forces of excluding its racialized otherness, we will try to demonstrate the role the country has played as a color border, as a boundary separating the populations from the African and European continents. Our objective is to point out, by the means of the psychoanalytic theory, the contingent nature of racism as a mechanism attached to its national identity, as well as to validate its failure as affluent and as boundary of its symbolic and libidinal condition.
与流行的观点相反,种族不是孕育种族主义的子宫,但种族主义创造了种族,创造了种族的可能性。这是理解这种现象如何吸引我们现实中的不同秩序,从而产生一套不断在我们社会中传播的规则、思想和情绪的唯一途径。在这篇文章中,我们将试图通过分析最近媒体上非法移民的影响来评估西班牙种族主义的发生率。从承认殖民主义在其历史上所扮演的角色,以及它迫使其排除种族化的另类性的令人不安的必要性开始,我们将试图证明这个国家作为一个颜色边界,作为一个将人口与非洲和欧洲大陆分隔开的边界所扮演的作用。我们的目标是,通过精神分析理论,指出种族主义作为一种附属于其国家身份的机制的偶然性,并验证其失败是富裕的,是其象征和性欲状态的边界。
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引用次数: 0
The tech entrepreneur in Colombia: a discussion of actor-network-theory, Lacanian theory and social imaginaries 哥伦比亚的科技企业家:行动者网络理论、拉康理论与社会想象的讨论
IF 0.4 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-04-10 DOI: 10.7238/D.V0I23.3144
S. Santisteban
The figure of the tech entrepreneur has gained special relevance in the contemporary world. Recognized stories of success such as those of Steve Jobs, Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg have popularized worldwide the imagination of the young student who starts a garage company with nothing more than his own passion, intelligence and determination, and becomes a global celebrity and a billionaire in just a few years. Nevertheless, the discourses and cultural productions that shape this figure do not always adhere to empirical consequences and factual data, but in fact, are the result of some processes determined by the desires and dreams of those who construct and transmit it (entrepreneurs, entrepreneurship gurus and experts, advertisers, government agencies, etc.), as well as those who consume it (young people with entrepreneurial aspirations). In this process of analyzing the “material/empiric” dimension of the figure of the tech entrepreneur in contrast with the “symbolic/imaginary” dimension, this article proposes a theoretical discussion between the Actor-Network-Theory, the Lacanian psychoanalysis and the Social Imaginaries theory. Based on the work by Lacan, Latour and Taylor and recurring to interviews applied to tech entrepreneurs in Colombia in different stages of development, it is concluded that the symbolic/imaginary dimension plays a fundamental role in structuring the contemporary figure of the tech entrepreneur with important implications at the level of the material/empirical reality, insofar as it shapes actions and objects. Thus, the Lacanian theory and the Social Imaginaries constitute two fundamental frameworks of analysis that contribute to understanding more comprehensively how the tech sector works as well as what sort of technological objects are created.
科技企业家的形象在当代世界有着特殊的意义。史蒂夫·乔布斯、比尔·盖茨和马克·扎克伯格等人的成功故事,让全世界的人都对一个年轻的学生产生了想象,他凭借自己的激情、智慧和决心,在车库里创办了一家公司,并在短短几年内成为了全球名人和亿万富翁。然而,塑造这一数字的话语和文化产品并不总是坚持经验结果和事实数据,但事实上,是由构建和传播它的人(企业家、创业大师和专家、广告商、政府机构等)以及消费它的人(有创业愿望的年轻人)的愿望和梦想决定的一些过程的结果。在分析科技企业家形象的“物质/经验”维度与“象征/想象”维度的对比过程中,本文提出了行动者-网络理论、拉康精神分析和社会想象理论之间的理论讨论。基于拉康、拉图尔和泰勒的工作,以及对处于不同发展阶段的哥伦比亚科技企业家的访谈,本文得出结论,符号/想象维度在构建科技企业家的当代形象方面起着重要作用,在物质/经验现实层面上具有重要意义,因为它塑造了行动和对象。因此,拉康理论和社会想象构成了两个基本的分析框架,有助于更全面地理解技术部门是如何运作的,以及什么样的技术对象被创造出来。
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引用次数: 0
Social suffering, conflictivity and poverty: an approach from the experiences of immigrants from neighboring countries living in Buenos Aires City 社会苦难、冲突与贫穷:从居住在布宜诺斯艾利斯的邻国移民的经历看问题
IF 0.4 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-03-05 DOI: 10.7238/D.V0I23.3150
Victoria D'hers, Ana Lucía Cervio
The ways in which conflictivity sets how people dwell in contexts of extreme deprivation is an issue that exerts tension on the diverse manners in which bodies and emotions are engaged in various levels of social pain. The many ways and contents that suffering assumes in its connections with urban poverty, also crosses with “interstitial practices” that challenge resignation and impotence as logics of accepting and making the world visible. From a sociology of bodies/emotions, this article aims at discussing suffering as an emotion, and conflict as a practice and condition for social reproduction, taking as an empirical reference in-depth interviews given through 2015 and 2016 to immigrants from neighboring countries, who live in slums in Buenos Aires City. The links between sensibilities, conflictivities and social policies are discussed, deepening in some tensions/connections identified between pain and “interstitial practices” associated with poverty, urban informality and social policies.
冲突如何决定人们在极端贫困的环境中生活,这一问题对身体和情绪在不同程度的社会痛苦中的不同方式产生了紧张。苦难在与城市贫困的联系中表现出的许多方式和内容,也与挑战顺从和无能的“间隙实践”交叉,后者是接受和让世界可见的逻辑。本文从身体/情绪的社会学角度,以2015年和2016年对居住在布宜诺斯艾利斯市贫民窟的邻国移民的深入采访为实证参考,探讨了痛苦作为一种情绪,冲突作为社会再生产的实践和条件。讨论了情感、冲突和社会政策之间的联系,加深了疼痛和与贫困、城市非正规性和社会政策相关的“间隙做法”之间的一些紧张关系/联系。
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引用次数: 1
What’s the trouble with humanity? A feminist critique of Judith Butler’s ethics of vulnerability 人类有什么问题?朱迪斯·巴特勒脆弱伦理的女性主义批判
IF 0.4 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-03-05 DOI: 10.7238/D.V0I23.3157
Ingrid Cyfer
The article addresses Judith Butler’s thought on ethics of vulnerability. The main goal of the article is to approach the concepts of vulnerability, recognition and representation considering the way each of them engage in the process of subject formation Butler presents in different phases of her work. This comparison will function as a guide to locate and interpret Butler’s theoretical inflections along her trajectory; and it will also work to ground a feminist critical analysis of her ethics.
本文论述了朱迪斯·巴特勒的脆弱性伦理思想。这篇文章的主要目标是探讨脆弱性、认知和表征的概念,考虑到它们各自参与主体形成过程的方式,巴特勒在其作品的不同阶段提出了这些概念。这种比较将作为指导,定位和解释巴特勒沿着她的轨迹的理论变化;它还将致力于为女性主义对她的伦理进行批判性分析奠定基础。
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引用次数: 4
El análisis sociológico de la vergüenza en Georg Simmel. Una propuesta para pensar el carácter performativo y relacional de las emociones 格奥尔格·齐美尔对羞耻的社会学分析。一个思考情感的表演性和关系性的建议
IF 0.4 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-03-05 DOI: 10.7238/D.V0I23.3148
Olga Sabido-Ramos
El objetivo de este artículo es poner sobre la mesa de discusión el texto “Sobre una psicología de la vergüenza” (2018 [1901]) de Georg Simmel a la luz de una revisión contemporánea. Si bien recuperaré a diversos autores, me concentraré en las aproximaciones de dos autoras: Ágnes Heller y Sara Ahmed. Considero que la convergencia entre las propuestas (Simmel, Heller y Ahmed) coincide con el abordaje sobre las emociones propuesto explícitamente por Ahmed, quien enfatiza el carácter performativo y relacional de las emociones, es decir, en cómo las emociones “hacen cosas”, son productos sociales y a la vez tienen efectos sociales. En ese sentido, mi objetivo es dar cuenta de cómo –desde la perspectiva de Simmel– también es posible establecer un programa relacional para el análisis de las emociones, y específicamente para la articulación entre emociones y cuerpo, a la luz de su propuesta sobre los sentimientos como formas de segundo orden (Simmel, 2014; Cantó-Milà, 2012; Seebach, 2017). En este caso, me concentraré en cómo la vergüenza hace cosas al cuerpo en tanto constituye una “marca afectiva” de determinados vínculos.
本文的目的是根据当代的回顾,将格奥尔格·齐美尔(Georg Simmel)的文本《论羞耻心理学》(2018[1901])放在讨论桌上。在恢复几位作者的同时,我将集中讨论两位作者的方法:agnes海勒和萨拉艾哈迈德。我认为拟议的趋同(Simmel海勒和Ahmed)匹配处理的情绪由艾哈迈德,他提议明确强调performativo性质和情感关系,即如何让情绪”的事情,”他们产品在社会和社会影响。在这方面,我国的目标是干掉如何从Simmel观点——还可以建立一个关系分析与情感,和专为情绪和身体之间的联动,根据拟议的关于二流形式和情绪(Simmel, 2014;Cantó-Milà,2012;Seebach, 2017)。在这种情况下,我将集中讨论羞耻如何对身体产生影响,因为它构成了某些联系的“情感标记”。
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引用次数: 3
Book review of Barbara Górnicka’s Nakedness, Shame and Embarrassment: A Long-Term Sociological Perspective (Springer, 2016) 芭芭拉Górnicka《裸体、羞耻与尴尬:一个长期的社会学视角》书评(b施普林格,2016)
IF 0.4 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-03-05 DOI: 10.7238/D.V0I23.3172
D. Sanchez
How and why has the Western culture related nudity with shame and eroticism? Being so, how is it possible that nudist clubs can socialize without displaying sexual arousal expressions nor shame? What is the process to become a nudist? In what ways is gender visible in places with naked bodies interactions? These questions find a deep and accurate response in the recent book Nakedness, Shame and Embarrassment: A Long-Term Sociological Perspective by sociologist Barbara Gornicka. She has a fine look on how behaviors and emotions are part of long-term social changes registered in the body. The book knits a reflection on attitudes and emotions linked to nudity from an Eliasian perspective throughout 8 chapters. In them, she moves between her empirical research in Club Nautica –a nudist group from Dublin, Ireland– and her theoretical reflections on Norbert Elias’ postulates on the process of civilization.
西方文化是如何以及为什么将裸体与羞耻和色情联系起来的?既然如此,裸体主义俱乐部怎么可能在不表现出性唤起表情或羞耻感的情况下进行社交呢?成为裸体主义者的过程是什么?在有裸体互动的地方,性别以什么方式可见?社会学家Barbara Gornicka最近出版的《裸体、羞耻和尴尬:长期社会学视角》一书对这些问题做出了深刻而准确的回应。她很清楚行为和情绪是如何成为身体长期社会变化的一部分的。这本书在8章中从埃利亚斯的角度对裸体的态度和情绪进行了反思。在这些作品中,她在来自爱尔兰都柏林的裸体主义团体Club Nautica的实证研究和对Norbert Elias关于文明进程的假设的理论思考之间切换。
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引用次数: 2
La “espera” en la población desplazada de Colombia. Una forma de sufrimiento y dominación social 哥伦比亚流离失所人口的“等待”。一种痛苦和社会统治的形式
IF 0.4 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-01-15 DOI: 10.7238/d.v0i23.3151
D. Meza, Alessandra Ciurlo
El desplazamiento forzado interno en Colombia es un fenómeno complejo y dramático debido a las dimensiones que ha adquirido, la heterogeneidad de las personas afectadas, sus múltiples causas y perpetradores, la persistencia de los procesos de expulsión, el alto nivel de impunidad y la respuesta insuficiente del Estado. El presente artículo centra su atención en los desplazados como población vulnerada y vulnerable que “espera” la intervención del Estado. De la expectación nace una relación desequilibrada entre el Estado y la población desplazada de tipo acreedor/usuario, donde la espera opera como fuente de sufrimiento social y es una forma de dominación por parte del organismo estatal sobre los desplazados. El análisis de algunos rasgos de la espera y sus implicaciones en la vida de la población desplazada muestran el desarrollo de un proceso en el que las condiciones y circunstancias objetivas de la tragedia vivida se convierten en una sujeción subjetiva. Esto conlleva a la despolitización del desplazamiento forzado interno y a que las víctimas sean rebajadas a actores pasivos que deben aguardar pacientemente la ayuda del Estado para obtener soluciones a su condición de vulnerabilidad.
哥伦比亚国内强迫流离失所是一个复杂现象和戏剧性,因为维度已,丰富多样的受灾者,其多方面的原因及施暴者,开除程序持续高水平国家应对有罪不罚和不足。本文的重点是流离失所者作为“等待”国家干预的弱势和脆弱群体。期望导致了国家和流离失所者之间的不平衡关系,即债权人/使用者,在这种关系中,等待是社会痛苦的根源,是国家机构对流离失所者的一种支配形式。对等待的某些特征及其对流离失所人口生活的影响的分析表明,一个过程的发展,在这个过程中,所经历的悲剧的客观条件和环境变成了主观的服从。这导致国内被迫流离失所的非政治化,受害者沦为被动的行动者,必须耐心地等待国家援助,以解决他们的脆弱状况。
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引用次数: 2
La educación sentimental del siglo XXI. Mitos y emociones de la saga Crepúsculo 21世纪的情感教育。暮光之城传奇的神话与情感
IF 0.4 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-01-15 DOI: 10.7238/d.v0i23.3173
Isaac González
En este artículo profundizo en algunos de los elementos clave de la educación sentimental –o de la educación emocional, en un sentido más amplio– que se transmite en un conjunto de películas que obtuvieron un gran éxito de audiencia entre el público joven y adolescente hace unos años: la saga Crepúsculo. La tesis que aquí defiendo es que, a nivel mitológico, dicha saga filmográfica (así como las novelas homónimas, que no se analizan en el presente artículo) reproducen un principio clave del tejido mitológico de la contemporaneidad relativo al papel de las emociones en la estructuración de la sociedad (Illouz, 1997).
在这篇文章中,我深入探讨了情感教育或更广泛意义上的情感教育的一些关键要素,这些要素在几年前在年轻和青少年观众中获得巨大成功的一系列电影中播出:暮光之城传奇。我在这里主张的论点是,在神话层面上,这部电影传奇(以及本文未讨论的同名小说)再现了当代神话结构中与情感在社会结构中的作用有关的一项关键原则(Illouz,1997年)。
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引用次数: 0
A Metaphysics of Life: against the posthumanism and new materialism 生命的形而上学:反对后人文主义和新唯物主义
IF 0.4 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-01-15 DOI: 10.7238/D.V0I23.3142
Marco Maureira Velásquez
Current debates about reconceptualization of matter and posthumanism share a renewed scholarly interest in ontological views that will make it possible to overcome the vice of anthropocentrism. Also, these theoretical approaches are presented, either directly or indirectly, as platforms of articulation for a new vitalism. However, the conceptualization of life advanced by those theoretical approaches is both insufficient and unsatisfactory. Its vitalistic ontology lacks an ‘untimely’ perspective, thus, it does not adequately inquire into the phenomenon of life. This paper proposes a project of radical allokronia, capable of answering two major questions: a) in relation to posthumanism, how can life be addressed without falling again into the vice of anthropocentrism, and b) in reference to new materialism, what does the emergence of life imply for the material agency of the Universe.
当前关于物质的重新概念化和后人类主义的辩论,在本体论观点方面重新引起了学术界的兴趣,这将使克服人类中心主义的弊端成为可能。此外,这些理论方法被直接或间接地作为一种新的生命力主义的表达平台。然而,这些理论方法所提出的生命概念既不充分,也不令人满意。它的生命本体论缺乏“不合时宜”的视角,因而没有充分探究生命现象。本文提出了一个激进的异克罗尼亚项目,能够回答两个主要问题:a)关于后人类主义,如何在不再次陷入人类中心主义的罪恶中的情况下解决生命问题;b)关于新唯物主义,生命的出现对宇宙的物质能动性意味着什么。
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引用次数: 0
Reseña del libro Luhmann, intérprete de Husserl. El Observador observado, de Lionel Lewkow (Miño y Dávila Editores. Buenos Aires, 2017) 卢曼书评,胡塞尔的翻译。《观察到的观察者》,莱昂内尔·勒科著(mino和davila编辑)。布宜诺斯艾利斯,2017)
IF 0.4 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-01-15 DOI: 10.7238/D.V0I23.3164
Carolina López Pérez
El libro escrito por el Lionel Lewkow constituye un minucioso análisis sobre los vínculos que la teoría luhmanniana guarda con la fenomenología de Edmund Husserl. Se trata de un estudio que explora esta relación comúnmente aludida por exégetas pero pocas veces examinada a detalle y con rigurosidad. Específicamente, el autor pretende observar de qué manera Luhmann observó a Husserl y cuáles son los alcances y límites de la recuperación que llevó a cabo de la obra del filósofo moravo. De ese modo, a lo largo del texto es posible advertir la parcialidad de las interpretaciones habituales en torno al tándem Luhmann-Husserl generalmente concentradas en torno problema del sentido. Por el contrario, el examen escrupuloso que Lewkow ofrece expande la comprensión del complejo y fructífero vínculo entre ambos autores. Ello es posible gracias a que su argumentación saca a la luz un abanico diverso y especialmente sugerente de problemas teóricos derivados de la recepción husserliana en la obra de Luhmann.
莱昂内尔·莱科(Lionel Lewkow)的书详细分析了卢曼理论与埃德蒙·胡塞尔(Edmund Husserl)现象学之间的联系。这是一项探索这种关系的研究,通常被诠释者提及,但很少被详细和严格地检查。在这篇文章中,我们分析了卢曼对胡塞尔的观察,以及他对摩拉维亚哲学家作品的恢复的范围和局限性。因此,在整个文本中,我们可以注意到对卢曼-胡塞尔组合的通常解释的偏见,通常集中在意义问题上。相反,Lewkow提供的仔细检查扩大了对两位作者之间复杂而富有成果的联系的理解。这是可能的,因为他的论点揭示了一系列不同的,特别是具有启发性的理论问题,这些问题来自于胡塞尔对卢曼作品的接受。
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引用次数: 0
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