In twentieth-century Rio de Janeiro, police and local authorities addressed “black magic practices” through surveillance and regulation that were related to new cartographic and discursive imaginaries of urban reform and segregation. Police raids were a common occurrence, and journalists who wrote about sorcerers and sorcery participated in a discursive mapping of Rio de Janeiro’s new urban imaginaries. This article examines a set of public health laws and policing tactics that monitored the activities of poor women and Afro-Brazilian spirituality under the assumption that their practices constituted black magic. Accusations of witchcraft represented a spectacle in which ideas adapted from eugenics and racial science to urban planning and capitalist modernity were enacted. Equally important, sorcery scenes present an important set of counter-narratives that demonstrate the ways in which urban residents deployed strategic performances as sorcerers and fortunetellers to counter police narratives that considered their bodies and activities to be heterodox and inadequate for secular urban modernity.
{"title":"Urban Sorcery, Segregation, and Ethnographic Spectacle in Twentieth-Century Rio de Janeiro","authors":"A. Lee","doi":"10.3368/lbr.58.2.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/lbr.58.2.118","url":null,"abstract":"In twentieth-century Rio de Janeiro, police and local authorities addressed “black magic practices” through surveillance and regulation that were related to new cartographic and discursive imaginaries of urban reform and segregation. Police raids were a common occurrence, and journalists who wrote about sorcerers and sorcery participated in a discursive mapping of Rio de Janeiro’s new urban imaginaries. This article examines a set of public health laws and policing tactics that monitored the activities of poor women and Afro-Brazilian spirituality under the assumption that their practices constituted black magic. Accusations of witchcraft represented a spectacle in which ideas adapted from eugenics and racial science to urban planning and capitalist modernity were enacted. Equally important, sorcery scenes present an important set of counter-narratives that demonstrate the ways in which urban residents deployed strategic performances as sorcerers and fortunetellers to counter police narratives that considered their bodies and activities to be heterodox and inadequate for secular urban modernity.","PeriodicalId":52041,"journal":{"name":"Luso-Brazilian Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42008207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, I aim to think aesthetically and politically about Afro-Brazilian performance. To do this, I take into consideration the rehearsals and parades of the “Acadêmicos do Salgueiro” samba school in Rio de Janeiro. The school is built in the Salgueiro community and, like most of Rio’s famous schools, includes a large number of “wings” (alas in Portuguese): In addition to alas comprised of baianas, representatives of the Velha Guarda, passistas, and drums, there are three Masters of Ceremony paired with three flag bearers, a wing dedicated to telling the story and plot-theme that accompanies allegorical floats in Carnaval, and the Sound Car Team, formed by musicians, singers and directors of harmony. Based on my experience as a dancer and as a member of Salgueiro—and through the use of semi-structured interviews—I aim to evoke the movement of bodies inside the community. In this way, this essay presents an analysis of how bodies connect to the ground, to other bodies, and to the cosmos—all within the expansive confines of Salgueiro.
在这项研究中，我的目的是对非裔巴西人的表演进行美学和政治思考。为此，我考虑了里约热内卢“Acadêmicos do Salgueiro”桑巴舞学校的排练和游行。这所学校建在萨尔盖罗社区，与里约的大多数著名学校一样，它包括大量的“翅膀”（葡萄牙语中的“唉”），一个专门讲述故事和情节主题的侧翼，伴随着卡纳瓦尔的寓言花车，以及由音乐家、歌手和和声导演组成的声音汽车团队。根据我作为一名舞者和Salgueiro成员的经验，并通过半结构化的采访，我的目标是唤起社区内身体的运动。通过这种方式，本文分析了物体如何与地面、其他物体和宇宙连接——所有这些都在萨尔盖罗的广阔范围内。
{"title":"Reverberações do chão afro-brasileiro em movimento na escola de samba Acadêmicos do Salgueiro","authors":"V. G. Pimenta","doi":"10.3368/lbr.58.2.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/lbr.58.2.169","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, I aim to think aesthetically and politically about Afro-Brazilian performance. To do this, I take into consideration the rehearsals and parades of the “Acadêmicos do Salgueiro” samba school in Rio de Janeiro. The school is built in the Salgueiro community and, like most of Rio’s famous schools, includes a large number of “wings” (alas in Portuguese): In addition to alas comprised of baianas, representatives of the Velha Guarda, passistas, and drums, there are three Masters of Ceremony paired with three flag bearers, a wing dedicated to telling the story and plot-theme that accompanies allegorical floats in Carnaval, and the Sound Car Team, formed by musicians, singers and directors of harmony. Based on my experience as a dancer and as a member of Salgueiro—and through the use of semi-structured interviews—I aim to evoke the movement of bodies inside the community. In this way, this essay presents an analysis of how bodies connect to the ground, to other bodies, and to the cosmos—all within the expansive confines of Salgueiro.","PeriodicalId":52041,"journal":{"name":"Luso-Brazilian Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41284383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the Arab-Ottoman scholar ‘Abd al-Rahman Al-Baghdadi’s late-nineteenth-century journey to Brazil as an early encounter in the global South. Arriving at Rio de Janeiro in 1866, Al-Baghdadi established contact with Muslim enslaved and freed men of West African descent (malês). At their request, he stayed for three years in the country, guiding malê communities in Rio, Salvador, and Recife. Recently, the Summit of South American-Arab Countries (ASPA) sponsored a trilingual edition of Al-Baghdadi’s 1871 travelogue Musalliyat al-garib bi-kull amr ‘ağib (Deleite do estrangeiro em tudo o que é espantoso e maravilhoso / El deleite del extranjero en todo lo que es asombroso y maravilloso), which presents his journey as an early example of collaboration between Brazil and the Arab world and of solidarity in the global South. This article revisits Al-Baghdadi’s travelogue to critically evaluate this reading and to outline the possibilities and limitations of South-South encounters. After an overview of late-Ottoman views on slavery and Blackness as well as the tumultuous history of Islam in Brazil, I examine the travelogue to lay out four aspects of such encounters: the difficulty of recognition, the traveler’s conflicting solidarities, the presence of local allies, and the tension between orthodoxy and adaptation. I conclude that while encounters in the global South are obstructed by several difficulties because of their unsystematic nature, they allow for unexpected affects and solidarities.
这篇文章考察了阿拉伯-奥斯曼学者Abd al-Rahman Al-Baghdadi在19世纪末的巴西之旅，作为他在全球南方的早期遭遇。巴格达迪于1866年抵达里约热内卢，与西非裔的穆斯林奴隶和自由人建立了联系(malês)。应他们的要求，他在这个国家呆了三年，指导巴西、萨尔瓦多和累西腓的malê社区。最近，南美-阿拉伯国家首脑会议(ASPA)赞助了巴格达迪1871年游记《Musalliyat al-garib bi-kull amr ' ağib》的三种语言版本(Deleite do eiro em tudo o que espantoso e maravilhoso / El Deleite del extranjero en todo lo que es asombroso y maravilloso)，将他的旅程作为巴西与阿拉伯世界合作和全球南方团结的早期例子。本文回顾了巴格达迪的游记，批判性地评价了这篇文章，并概述了南南相遇的可能性和局限性。在概述了奥斯曼帝国晚期对奴隶制和黑人的看法以及巴西动荡的伊斯兰教历史之后，我研究了这本游记，列出了这些遭遇的四个方面:识别的困难，旅行者相互冲突的团结，当地盟友的存在，以及正统与适应之间的紧张关系。我的结论是，虽然全球南方的遭遇由于其非系统性而受到若干困难的阻碍，但它们带来了意想不到的影响和团结。
{"title":"An Early Encounter in the Global South","authors":"Ali Kulez","doi":"10.3368/lbr.58.2.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/lbr.58.2.196","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the Arab-Ottoman scholar ‘Abd al-Rahman Al-Baghdadi’s late-nineteenth-century journey to Brazil as an early encounter in the global South. Arriving at Rio de Janeiro in 1866, Al-Baghdadi established contact with Muslim enslaved and freed men of West African descent (malês). At their request, he stayed for three years in the country, guiding malê communities in Rio, Salvador, and Recife. Recently, the Summit of South American-Arab Countries (ASPA) sponsored a trilingual edition of Al-Baghdadi’s 1871 travelogue Musalliyat al-garib bi-kull amr ‘ağib (Deleite do estrangeiro em tudo o que é espantoso e maravilhoso / El deleite del extranjero en todo lo que es asombroso y maravilloso), which presents his journey as an early example of collaboration between Brazil and the Arab world and of solidarity in the global South. This article revisits Al-Baghdadi’s travelogue to critically evaluate this reading and to outline the possibilities and limitations of South-South encounters. After an overview of late-Ottoman views on slavery and Blackness as well as the tumultuous history of Islam in Brazil, I examine the travelogue to lay out four aspects of such encounters: the difficulty of recognition, the traveler’s conflicting solidarities, the presence of local allies, and the tension between orthodoxy and adaptation. I conclude that while encounters in the global South are obstructed by several difficulties because of their unsystematic nature, they allow for unexpected affects and solidarities.","PeriodicalId":52041,"journal":{"name":"Luso-Brazilian Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69622127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Raynor, Cecily. Latin American Literature at the Millennium: Local Lives, Global Spaces. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press, 2021. 179 pp.","authors":"Sophia F Beal","doi":"10.3368/lbr.58.2.E12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/lbr.58.2.E12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52041,"journal":{"name":"Luso-Brazilian Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69621760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article focuses on the 1930 São Paulo Agricultural Exhibition held by the São Paulo State Department of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce. It seeks to analyze this particular event by locating this public showcase of agriculture in its wider political and cultural contexts, considering its role as a strategic sector of the economy and its place within a narrative that highlights São Paulo’s modernity and progress at that particular moment in history, when the power of the state was about to be strongly challenged. The exploration of specific sections of the exhibition sheds light on the distinctive nature of the design and the way the message was communicated to the visitors. The approach adopted also allows connections among the local, national, and international levels, as part of a wider consideration of the potential for further studies on the presentation of agriculture in exhibitions.
{"title":"Between Machines, Coffee, and Dried Plants","authors":"Luna Abrano Bocchi","doi":"10.3368/lbr.58.2.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/lbr.58.2.144","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the 1930 São Paulo Agricultural Exhibition held by the São Paulo State Department of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce. It seeks to analyze this particular event by locating this public showcase of agriculture in its wider political and cultural contexts, considering its role as a strategic sector of the economy and its place within a narrative that highlights São Paulo’s modernity and progress at that particular moment in history, when the power of the state was about to be strongly challenged. The exploration of specific sections of the exhibition sheds light on the distinctive nature of the design and the way the message was communicated to the visitors. The approach adopted also allows connections among the local, national, and international levels, as part of a wider consideration of the potential for further studies on the presentation of agriculture in exhibitions.","PeriodicalId":52041,"journal":{"name":"Luso-Brazilian Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69622087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Roth, Cassia. A Miscarriage of Justice: Women’s Reproductive Lives and the Law in Early Twentieth-Century Brazil. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2020. 359 pp.","authors":"Kenneth P. Serbin","doi":"10.3368/lbr.58.2.E10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/lbr.58.2.E10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52041,"journal":{"name":"Luso-Brazilian Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69621749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article considers the work of musician Tom Zé (Antonio José Santana Martins, b. 1936), who rose to prominence in 1968 as a participant of the multidisciplinary movement, Tropicália, together with several other artists from the state of Bahia. I focus on his early life in Irará, a small town on the edge of the northeastern sertão, his early experiments as a singer-songwriter, and his later evocations of his place of origin based on an idea of temporal disjunction in relation to modern coastal Brazil. I discuss how Tom Zé engaged the popular northeastern song tradition of cantoria as well as canonical texts about the region, such as Euclides da Cunha’s Os sertões. Finally, I consider his concept album, Tropicália lixo lógico (2012), which proposes a novel theory of Tropicália based on the encounter between modern urban Brazil and the sertão, imagined as a temporal vestige of medieval Mozarab Iberia.
本文考虑了音乐家Tom z (Antonio joss Santana Martins，出生于1936年)的作品，他在1968年作为多学科运动的参与者而声名显赫Tropicália，与其他几位来自巴伊亚州的艺术家一起。我关注的是他在irar的早期生活，一个位于巴西东北部sert边缘的小镇，他作为歌手兼词曲作者的早期实验，以及他后来基于与现代巴西沿海地区的时间脱节的想法对他的出生地的回忆。我讨论了汤姆·泽维尔是如何融入了流行的东北传统的坎特利亚歌曲，以及关于该地区的权威文本，比如欧几里得斯·达·库尼亚的《Os sertões》。最后，我考虑了他的概念专辑Tropicália lixo lógico(2012)，其中提出了一种新的Tropicália理论，该理论基于现代巴西城市与sert之间的相遇，被想象为中世纪莫桑比克伊比利亚的时间遗迹。
{"title":"Tom Zé’s Irará","authors":"Christopher Dunn","doi":"10.3368/lbr.58.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/lbr.58.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers the work of musician Tom Zé (Antonio José Santana Martins, b. 1936), who rose to prominence in 1968 as a participant of the multidisciplinary movement, Tropicália, together with several other artists from the state of Bahia. I focus on his early life in Irará, a small town on the edge of the northeastern sertão, his early experiments as a singer-songwriter, and his later evocations of his place of origin based on an idea of temporal disjunction in relation to modern coastal Brazil. I discuss how Tom Zé engaged the popular northeastern song tradition of cantoria as well as canonical texts about the region, such as Euclides da Cunha’s Os sertões. Finally, I consider his concept album, Tropicália lixo lógico (2012), which proposes a novel theory of Tropicália based on the encounter between modern urban Brazil and the sertão, imagined as a temporal vestige of medieval Mozarab Iberia.","PeriodicalId":52041,"journal":{"name":"Luso-Brazilian Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69622148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
From 1961 to 1972, the Angolan writer José Luandino Vieira was incarcerated by Portuguese colonial authorities because of his participation in the anticolonial struggle of Angola. In prison, he wrote most of his literary works, alongside a series of notebooks in which he reported his thoughts, feelings, literary and political considerations, etc. In 2015, after more than forty years after Vieira’s release from prison, the notebooks were published in a volume titled Papéis da prisão. Apontamentos, diário, correspondência (1962–1971). In this article, I focus on how the book contributes to the debate on Angola’s past by influencing how the years of the struggle for independence are perceived today and how they will be remembered in the future. I argue that Papéis is not simply a collection of the writer’s intimate and personal memories as it bears witness to the experience of a larger community, a community that Vieira identifies with the Angolan nation. Briefly considering the political uses of memory, I show how Papéis stands apart from a crystallized official narrative of the anticolonial struggle, contributing to renewed discussions around Angola’s past. These discussions aim to restore complexity, depth, and diversity to a narrative that is oversimplified and partisan. However, restoring complexity also implies showing the contradictions, conflicts, and tensions that emerged during the struggle. In this sense, the book is not a nostalgic tribute to the past, but rather a call to reflect on what the past still has to say to the present.
从1961年到1972年，安哥拉作家约瑟夫·卢安迪诺·维埃拉因参与安哥拉的反殖民斗争而被葡萄牙殖民当局监禁。在狱中，他完成了他的大部分文学作品，并在一系列笔记中记录了他的思想、感情、文学和政治考虑等。2015年，在维埃拉出狱40多年后，这些笔记本被出版成一本名为papsamis da pris的书。Apontamentos, diário, correspondência(1962-1971)。在这篇文章中，我将重点讨论这本书如何通过影响今天如何看待争取独立的斗争以及未来如何记住这些斗争来促进关于安哥拉过去的辩论。我认为《papsamis》不只是作者个人私密记忆的集合体，它见证了一个更大社群的经历，一个维埃拉认为属于安哥拉民族的社群。简要地考虑到记忆的政治用途，我展示了papsamis如何与反殖民斗争的明确官方叙述不同，有助于重新讨论安哥拉的过去。这些讨论旨在恢复过于简单化和党派化的叙事的复杂性、深度和多样性。然而，恢复复杂性也意味着展示斗争中出现的矛盾、冲突和紧张局势。从这个意义上说，这本书不是对过去的怀旧致敬，而是呼吁人们反思过去对现在还有什么要说的。
{"title":"A Tiny Spark","authors":"Elisa Scaraggi","doi":"10.3368/lbr.58.2.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/lbr.58.2.54","url":null,"abstract":"From 1961 to 1972, the Angolan writer José Luandino Vieira was incarcerated by Portuguese colonial authorities because of his participation in the anticolonial struggle of Angola. In prison, he wrote most of his literary works, alongside a series of notebooks in which he reported his thoughts, feelings, literary and political considerations, etc. In 2015, after more than forty years after Vieira’s release from prison, the notebooks were published in a volume titled Papéis da prisão. Apontamentos, diário, correspondência (1962–1971). In this article, I focus on how the book contributes to the debate on Angola’s past by influencing how the years of the struggle for independence are perceived today and how they will be remembered in the future. I argue that Papéis is not simply a collection of the writer’s intimate and personal memories as it bears witness to the experience of a larger community, a community that Vieira identifies with the Angolan nation. Briefly considering the political uses of memory, I show how Papéis stands apart from a crystallized official narrative of the anticolonial struggle, contributing to renewed discussions around Angola’s past. These discussions aim to restore complexity, depth, and diversity to a narrative that is oversimplified and partisan. However, restoring complexity also implies showing the contradictions, conflicts, and tensions that emerged during the struggle. In this sense, the book is not a nostalgic tribute to the past, but rather a call to reflect on what the past still has to say to the present.","PeriodicalId":52041,"journal":{"name":"Luso-Brazilian Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69622186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rothwell, Phillip. Pepetela and the MPLA: The Ethical Evolution of a Revolutionary Writer. Cambridge: Legenda, 2019. 177 pp.","authors":"Dorothée Boulanger","doi":"10.3368/lbr.58.2.E15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/lbr.58.2.E15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52041,"journal":{"name":"Luso-Brazilian Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69621795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sneed, Paul. Machine Gun Voices: Favelas and Utopia in Brazilian Gangster Funk. Seoul: Seoul National University Press, 2019.","authors":"Dennis Novaes","doi":"10.3368/lbr.58.2.221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/lbr.58.2.221","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52041,"journal":{"name":"Luso-Brazilian Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69622139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：