Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity最新文献

Positive affect (PA) is a key determinant of well-being among sexual and gender minorities (SGMs). Despite a well-formed literature on PA's beneficial impact in other contexts (e.g., HIV care) among SGMs, little work has examined PA's interrelations with mental and relational well-being among partnered SGMs. We examined the normative trajectory of PA among partnered SGMs assigned male at birth (SGM-AMABs; N = 155) embedded in a longitudinal cohort (2008-2022) and associated this with key indices of well-being (depression, negative communication, relationship quality, dyadic coping). Next, we modeled PA's association with well-being among a subset of couples enrolled in this cohort (N = 43 dyads). Latent growth curve models suggested that PA declined over time, but that any increased PA was associated with lower depression and higher relationship quality. Actor-partner interdependence models suggested a similar health-promotive association of PA, as well as novel associations that should be the topic of future study. Collectively, these results imply that interventions designed to increase PA among SGM-AMABs should consider the dyadic context and may be successfully applied to increase SGM-AMABs' well-being.

Sexual minority women (SMW) and sexual minority gender diverse individuals (SMGD) are at elevated risk for alcohol and cannabis use disorders; however, very little research has examined the role of descriptive norms in these disparities. This study aimed to test reciprocal prospective associations between descriptive norms for different normative referents (e.g., women, SMW, gender diverse individuals) and alcohol and cannabis consumption and problems among SMW and SMGD individuals. We used data from a study of substance use among 429 SMW and SMGD individuals assigned female at birth. We also aimed to identify the most relevant normative referents for SMW and for SMGD individuals by examining the unique effects of more specific normative referents (e.g., SMW) while controlling for less specific referents (e.g., women). Further, we examined potential covariates of norms, including those derived from social and minority stress theories of substance use among sexual and gender minorities. Among SMW, perceptions of heavier alcohol/cannabis use among other SMW predicted subsequent increases in alcohol/cannabis problems, but not consumption. Among SMGD individuals, descriptive norms did not predict subsequent changes in alcohol/cannabis consumption or problems. Little evidence was found to support reciprocal associations. Concurrent and prospective correlates of norms were also identified. Findings indicate that SMW-specific norms are most relevant for SMW. Less evidence was found for associations between norms and substance use among SMGD individuals. We discuss potential implications for the adaptation of normative feedback interventions for SMW and SMGD individuals.

Sexuality blindfolding is a diversity philosophy in which discussions and recognition of LGBTQ identities are minimized with aims of reducing intergroup tension. To add to prior evidence showing the unintended harms of difference-evading diversity philosophies, the present research documented LGBTQ college students' perceptions of sexuality blindfolding in undergraduate academic settings. Using thematic analysis on the qualitative entries of 45 LGBTQ college students in the U.S., the present research documented high disapproval of sexuality blindfolding, with students expressing that such approach a) causes identity invisibility and damage, b) signals that LGBTQ persons are deviant, and c) supports ignorance and maintains bias against LGBTQ people. Within these three major themes, additional subthemes indicate the perceived dangers of sexuality blindfolding for LGBTQ equality pursuits, LGBTQ student belonging, and academic success. Our inquiry also provided descriptive data on the frequency of participants' personal experiences with sexuality blindfolding (e.g., encountered situations where LGBTQ identities were minimized, dismissed, or avoided when brought up). Overall, the study highlights sexuality blindfolding as having negative consequences for societal progress and LGBTQ students' identity development, while contributing to broader discussions on diversity philosophies and state-level education policies that take an identity-conscious or difference-evading approach to diversity.

Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) adults experience increased discrimination and victimization relative to cisgender adults, thus elevating their risk for suicidal ideation (SI). Social support and connection to the broader TGD community may mitigate the relationship between gender identity-based stressors (i.e., interpersonal minority stressors), psychological stress processes (i.e., intrapsychic minority stress processes), and TGD adults' risk for SI. The current study examined TGD adults' exposure to interpersonal minority stressors, intrapsychic minority stress processes, perceived social support, community connectedness, and risk for past-year SI. Data came from a U.S. national probability study of TGD adults (N = 274). Survey-weighted linear and log-Poisson regression models measured the association between interpersonal stressors, intrapsychic stress processes, and TGD adults' risk for past-year SI while adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, perceived social support, and community connectedness. Findings revealed gender nonbinary adults had 1.79 times the risk for past-year SI relative to transmasculine adults (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] = 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI 1.13, 2.85]). A 1 SD higher gender-based victimization score was associated with 33% higher risk for past-year SI (aRR = 1.33, 95% CI [1.14, 1.56]), and a 1 SD higher negative expectations for the future score was associated with 37% higher risk for past-year SI (aRR = 1.37, 95% CI [1.18, 1.59]). Results indicate interpersonal minority stressors and intrapsychic minority stress processes are associated with TGD adults' risk for past-year SI despite controlling for socially-based confounders. Findings may inform the development of interventions to disrupt gender minority stress processes and lower TGD adults' risk for SI.

This study developed a comprehensive short form of the Sexual Minority Adolescent Stress Inventory (SMASI-SF) that preserves its strong psychometric properties and relationships with key mental and behavioral health outcomes. Split-sampling was used to construct independent development (Sample A; n = 1,155) and validation (Sample B; n = 1,155) samples from a national cohort of 2,310 sexual minority adolescents aged 14-17. Short-form candidate items were identified based on the strength of item-level associations with health outcome measures using Sample A. Candidate items were retained if they were associated (d ≥ .20) with seven or more outcomes from Sample A, with no more than two items from each SMASI subscale. Omega coefficients assessed reliability, and health outcomes from Sample B were regressed onto short-form scores to verify criterion validity. The 15-item SMASI-SF demonstrated excellent scale reliabilities in both Sample A (ω = .89) and Sample B (ω = .88). The SMASI-SF was significantly associated with depressive, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and general stress symptoms; suicidality (ideation, attempt, and self-harm); and past-30-day alcohol, tobacco, and prescription drug misuse in the validation sample. The SMASI-SF represents the first comprehensive short-form minority stress measure validated for use with sexual minority adolescents. Researchers may benefit from including the SMASI-SF in a survey instrument battery to improve predictive modeling and advance our understanding of the influence of minority stress experiences on outcomes for sexual minority youth.

Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated associations between COVID news exposure, anxiety, and depression. However, longitudinal research examining the directionality of these associations is extremely limited. Further, most studies have focused on the general population and neglected sexual and gender minority individuals (SGM), a population disproportionately impacted by the pandemic. To address these limitations, the current study utilized data from a 30-day diary study of SGM assigned female at birth (N = 429). We examined concurrent and prospective associations between COVID news exposure, depressed and anxious affect, COVID distress, substance use, and motives for use. Further, we examined associations between cumulative COVID news exposure across the diary period and prospective changes in anxiety, depression, and COVID distress. When participants were exposed to more COVID news, they experienced more depressed and anxious affect, more COVID distress, less positive affect, and were more likely to use alcohol and cannabis to cope. Further, when participants were exposed to more COVID news, they experienced subsequent increases in depressed affect, decreases in positive affect, and increases in the likelihood of using cannabis to cope. Findings also provided evidence of bi-directional prospective associations between COVID news exposure and COVID distress and of a cumulative impact of COVID news exposure on anxiety, depression, and COVID distress. Findings suggest that individuals should balance the need to remain informed about the pandemic and their own mental health when considering how much COVID news to consume.

Using a U.S. nationally representative sample of 1,529 sexual and gender minorities (SGMs), we examined the demographic and developmental correlates of Christian religious de-identification. We found that SGMs who were older, Black, cisgender men, and/or lived in the American South were more likely to identify as Christian in adulthood, relative to other SGMs. Those who were never Christian reported being more out to family and friends at earlier ages than those who were raised Christian. SGMs who were raised Christian, but did not identify as Christian in adulthood reported, more adverse childhood experiences and bullying than other SGMs. Sexual minorities who identified as Christian in adulthood reported more internalized homophobia in adulthood than other sexual minorities. Finally, sexual minorities who were raised Christian, regardless of their adulthood religious identification, reported experiencing more stigma than sexual minorities who were not raised Christian. No differences were noted in measures of adulthood resilience or health. Taken together, results indicate that identifying as Christian-in childhood and/or adulthood-is associated with greater experiences of stigma and stress than not identifying as Christian in adulthood.