Pub Date : 2022-06-25DOI: 10.54203/scil.2022.wvj16
Nattapat Pratumjorn, N. Pumipuntu, Ratchanon Kusolsongkhrokul, Athip Lorsirigool
A corneal ulcer is the characteristic of the destruction of the corneal epithelium layer and loss of the stroma layer at various depths. At present time, soft bandage contact lenses are used in many countries for corneal ulcers in dogs and cats to protect their cornea, increase contact time with topical eyes solutions, and support corneal reepithelialization. This article aimed to review information on the use of soft contact bandage lenses to treat corneal ulcers in dogs and cats interms of their efficacy and precaution. The results of the present review have revealed that soft contact bandage lenses are used to protect the cornea, enhance contact time with topical eye treatments, reduce median healing time, and provide comfort in dogs and cats with corneal ulcers. In the case of serious infections and dry eyes, soft contact bandage lenses are not recommended. Keywords: Corneal ulcer, Incidence, Soft contact bandage lenses, Treatment
{"title":"The Use of Soft Contact Bandage Lenses for Corneal Ulcer in Dogs and Cats: A Review","authors":"Nattapat Pratumjorn, N. Pumipuntu, Ratchanon Kusolsongkhrokul, Athip Lorsirigool","doi":"10.54203/scil.2022.wvj16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2022.wvj16","url":null,"abstract":"A corneal ulcer is the characteristic of the destruction of the corneal epithelium layer and loss of the stroma layer at various depths. At present time, soft bandage contact lenses are used in many countries for corneal ulcers in dogs and cats to protect their cornea, increase contact time with topical eyes solutions, and support corneal reepithelialization. This article aimed to review information on the use of soft contact bandage lenses to treat corneal ulcers in dogs and cats interms of their efficacy and precaution. The results of the present review have revealed that soft contact bandage lenses are used to protect the cornea, enhance contact time with topical eye treatments, reduce median healing time, and provide comfort in dogs and cats with corneal ulcers. In the case of serious infections and dry eyes, soft contact bandage lenses are not recommended. Keywords: Corneal ulcer, Incidence, Soft contact bandage lenses, Treatment","PeriodicalId":52153,"journal":{"name":"World''s Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41425656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-25DOI: 10.54203/scil.2022.wvj20
A. S. Abdulwahid, A. Mohammed, S. Raouf, Tariq Khalaf Hasan Aljumaily
Enzymes have a significant positive effect on nutrient digestion, feed efficiency, and growth rate of poultry. The current experiment aimed to determine the optimal dosage levels of Labazyme as feed additives. A total of 240 one-day-old broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to four groups with three replicates. The feeding experiment was carried out from hatching to day 42 of age. Three experimental groups contained Labazyme at 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg/kg of the total diet. The control group received a basal diet. Growth performance, European performance efficiency index (EPEI), production index (PI), biochemical and lipid profiles, as well as antioxidant parameters were then measured. The results showed that chickens fed Labazyme supplementation (1 and 1.5 mg/kg) had a higher growth performance than those in the control group. Nonetheless, there was a significant difference between the Labazyme and the control group in terms of feed intake. In addition, Labazyme groups had a significantly positive effect on broiler economic scores. The EPEI and PI of the Labazyme-fed chickens were both higher than the control. There was a non-significant difference in total protein, albumin, globulin, and uric acid. The serum glucose level of the chickens fed Labazyme (1 and 1.5 mg/kg) was lower, compared to the control group. In contrast, chickens that consumed a diet supplemented with Labazyme 1 and 1.5 mg/kg indicated lower serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and very-low-density lipoprotein levels in broilers, compared to the control group. Serum high-density lipoprotein levels were improved and more pronounced in chickens fed Labazyme, compared to the control group. In conclusion, the results of the current study indicated that supplementation of Labazyme could help the improvement of growth performance, lipid profile, and profitability of broiler chickens.
{"title":"Effect of Labazyme on Growth Performance, Physiological Parameters, and Economic Efficiency of Broiler Chickens","authors":"A. S. Abdulwahid, A. Mohammed, S. Raouf, Tariq Khalaf Hasan Aljumaily","doi":"10.54203/scil.2022.wvj20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2022.wvj20","url":null,"abstract":"Enzymes have a significant positive effect on nutrient digestion, feed efficiency, and growth rate of poultry. The current experiment aimed to determine the optimal dosage levels of Labazyme as feed additives. A total of 240 one-day-old broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to four groups with three replicates. The feeding experiment was carried out from hatching to day 42 of age. Three experimental groups contained Labazyme at 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg/kg of the total diet. The control group received a basal diet. Growth performance, European performance efficiency index (EPEI), production index (PI), biochemical and lipid profiles, as well as antioxidant parameters were then measured. The results showed that chickens fed Labazyme supplementation (1 and 1.5 mg/kg) had a higher growth performance than those in the control group. Nonetheless, there was a significant difference between the Labazyme and the control group in terms of feed intake. In addition, Labazyme groups had a significantly positive effect on broiler economic scores. The EPEI and PI of the Labazyme-fed chickens were both higher than the control. There was a non-significant difference in total protein, albumin, globulin, and uric acid. The serum glucose level of the chickens fed Labazyme (1 and 1.5 mg/kg) was lower, compared to the control group. In contrast, chickens that consumed a diet supplemented with Labazyme 1 and 1.5 mg/kg indicated lower serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and very-low-density lipoprotein levels in broilers, compared to the control group. Serum high-density lipoprotein levels were improved and more pronounced in chickens fed Labazyme, compared to the control group. In conclusion, the results of the current study indicated that supplementation of Labazyme could help the improvement of growth performance, lipid profile, and profitability of broiler chickens.","PeriodicalId":52153,"journal":{"name":"World''s Veterinary Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71010089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Livestock disease, particularly viral and bacterial disease, impedes livestock farming productivity and reduces available food in the current system, leading to food insecurity and economic losses. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of viral and bacterial disease in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. A retrospective data of livestock diseases in the Eastern Cape Province from 2013 to 2018 was obtained from veterinary records in the Department of Rural and Agrarian Reform (DrDAR), Bisho South Africa database, decoded, analyzed, and interpreted. The result revealed a significant association between local municipality, season, year, and livestock species. The highest prevalence of disease was found in the Lukhanji (29.4%) and Mbhashe (17.5%), while bacterial diseases were more prevalent in Nelson Mandela Bay (27.7%) and Raymond Mhlaba (34.9%) municipalities. More diseases were in autumn (53.8%) and spring (58.5%). The highest proportions of bacterial and viral diseases were in caprine (97.2%) and bovine (41.4%). Odds of disease occurrence were the highest in Intsika yethu local municipality (OR = 3.279, 95% CI = 0.043-263.6) in autumn (OR = 2.131, 95% CI = 0.815-5.569), and in bovine (OR = 58.825, 95% CI = 16.283-205.591). The results necessitate veterinary authorities to strengthen preventative program activities to mitigate livestock diseases in study area.
牲畜疾病，特别是病毒性和细菌性疾病，阻碍了畜牧业生产力，减少了当前系统中的可用粮食，导致粮食不安全和经济损失。目前的研究旨在确定南非东开普省病毒性和细菌性疾病的流行情况。从南非Bisho农村和土地改革司(DrDAR)数据库的兽医记录中获取2013年至2018年东开普省牲畜疾病回顾性数据，并对其进行解码、分析和解释。结果显示，当地城市、季节、年份和牲畜种类之间存在显著相关性。卢卡汉吉(29.4%)和姆巴什(17.5%)的患病率最高，而纳尔逊曼德拉湾市(27.7%)和雷蒙德姆拉巴市(34.9%)的细菌性疾病患病率更高。以秋季(53.8%)和春季(58.5%)居多。细菌和病毒性疾病的比例最高的是山羊(97.2%)和牛(41.4%)。秋季Intsika yethu市(OR = 3.279, 95% CI = 0.043 ~ 263.6)和牛(OR = 58.825, 95% CI = 16.283 ~ 205.591)的发病率最高(OR = 2.131, 95% CI = 0.815 ~ 5.569)。研究结果表明，兽医当局应加强预防计划活动，以减轻研究区牲畜疾病。
{"title":"A Retrospective Report of Viral and Bacterial Diseases in Livestock, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa","authors":"I. Jaja, Phingilili Wanga-Ungeviwa, E. O. Njoga","doi":"10.54203/scil.2022.wvj5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2022.wvj5","url":null,"abstract":"Livestock disease, particularly viral and bacterial disease, impedes livestock farming productivity and reduces available food in the current system, leading to food insecurity and economic losses. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of viral and bacterial disease in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. A retrospective data of livestock diseases in the Eastern Cape Province from 2013 to 2018 was obtained from veterinary records in the Department of Rural and Agrarian Reform (DrDAR), Bisho South Africa database, decoded, analyzed, and interpreted. The result revealed a significant association between local municipality, season, year, and livestock species. The highest prevalence of disease was found in the Lukhanji (29.4%) and Mbhashe (17.5%), while bacterial diseases were more prevalent in Nelson Mandela Bay (27.7%) and Raymond Mhlaba (34.9%) municipalities. More diseases were in autumn (53.8%) and spring (58.5%). The highest proportions of bacterial and viral diseases were in caprine (97.2%) and bovine (41.4%). Odds of disease occurrence were the highest in Intsika yethu local municipality (OR = 3.279, 95% CI = 0.043-263.6) in autumn (OR = 2.131, 95% CI = 0.815-5.569), and in bovine (OR = 58.825, 95% CI = 16.283-205.591). The results necessitate veterinary authorities to strengthen preventative program activities to mitigate livestock diseases in study area.","PeriodicalId":52153,"journal":{"name":"World''s Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48351297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Aflakian, Helia Nikoueian, H. Salimizand, M. Rad, A. R. Zomorodi
Regarding the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance as a global menace, typing procedures are of great importance in epidemiological surveys. In the current study, interspecies differences of Yersinia ruckeri (Y. ruckeri) isolates were detected by antimicrobial susceptibility profiling and molecular traits to determine the relationship between isolates. The current study was conducted on 27 Y. ruckeri isolates collected from 40 infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with clinical enteric red mouth disease in Mashhad, Iran. Interspecies differences of all isolates were detected by antimicrobial susceptibility profiling using disk diffusion method, Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic PCR (REP-PCR), Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR), and Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA PCR (RAPD-PCR) to determine the relationship between isolates. Simpson’s diversity index was calculated for each typing technique. The most phenotype resistant was against ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and lincomycin. Furthermore, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin showed the highest activity (100%) against isolates. According to the results, the highest diversity index was observed in the REP-PCR method (D = 0.91). In conclusion, REP-PCR can be a powerful technique for epidemiological studies.
{"title":"Heterogeneity of Yersinia ruckeri Isolated from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Infected with Enteric Red Mouth Disease","authors":"F. Aflakian, Helia Nikoueian, H. Salimizand, M. Rad, A. R. Zomorodi","doi":"10.54203/scil.2022.wvj3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2022.wvj3","url":null,"abstract":"Regarding the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance as a global menace, typing procedures are of great importance in epidemiological surveys. In the current study, interspecies differences of Yersinia ruckeri (Y. ruckeri) isolates were detected by antimicrobial susceptibility profiling and molecular traits to determine the relationship between isolates. The current study was conducted on 27 Y. ruckeri isolates collected from 40 infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with clinical enteric red mouth disease in Mashhad, Iran. Interspecies differences of all isolates were detected by antimicrobial susceptibility profiling using disk diffusion method, Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic PCR (REP-PCR), Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR), and Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA PCR (RAPD-PCR) to determine the relationship between isolates. Simpson’s diversity index was calculated for each typing technique. The most phenotype resistant was against ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and lincomycin. Furthermore, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin showed the highest activity (100%) against isolates. According to the results, the highest diversity index was observed in the REP-PCR method (D = 0.91). In conclusion, REP-PCR can be a powerful technique for epidemiological studies.","PeriodicalId":52153,"journal":{"name":"World''s Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48409969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prolonged farrowing duration increases stillbirth in piglets and affects maternal health leading to a decrease in the reproductive performance of the sow. The present study aimed to predict the duration of postpartum vaginal discharge (PVD, day) in sows. Data were collected from 204 mixed parity Landrace X Yorkshire sows in a swine farm in Bacninh province, Vietnam. Parity, gestation length, litter size, number of dead-born piglets (NDB), farrowing duration (FD, h), and manual extraction (ME) were recorded. Postpartum vaginal discharge was monitored twice a day until no discharge was detected in two successive observations. Linear regression analysis was used to build the model that best predicted the duration of postpartum vaginal discharge. Results showed that the average duration of postpartum vaginal discharge was 3.3 ± 1.6 days. The final multiple linear regression selected manual extraction, farrowing duration, and the number of dead-born piglets as the most significant factors for the prediction of postpartum vaginal discharge duration. All of these three factors were positively associated with PVD. This study indicated that the duration of postpartum vaginal discharge can be predicted. Shortening the farrowing duration, which may reduce the NBD, lowering the rate of manual extraction can be some of the approaches to decrease the duration of postpartum vaginal discharge. Moreover, the results of this study suggested that suitable postpartum treatments such as antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs, and care should be provided to the sows with a high risk of prolonged postpartum vaginal discharge to shorten this period.
{"title":"Prediction of Postpartum Vaginal Discharge Duration in Sows","authors":"N. H. Nam, Bui Tran Anh Dao, P. Sukon","doi":"10.54203/scil.2022.wvj8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2022.wvj8","url":null,"abstract":"Prolonged farrowing duration increases stillbirth in piglets and affects maternal health leading to a decrease in the reproductive performance of the sow. The present study aimed to predict the duration of postpartum vaginal discharge (PVD, day) in sows. Data were collected from 204 mixed parity Landrace X Yorkshire sows in a swine farm in Bacninh province, Vietnam. Parity, gestation length, litter size, number of dead-born piglets (NDB), farrowing duration (FD, h), and manual extraction (ME) were recorded. Postpartum vaginal discharge was monitored twice a day until no discharge was detected in two successive observations. Linear regression analysis was used to build the model that best predicted the duration of postpartum vaginal discharge. Results showed that the average duration of postpartum vaginal discharge was 3.3 ± 1.6 days. The final multiple linear regression selected manual extraction, farrowing duration, and the number of dead-born piglets as the most significant factors for the prediction of postpartum vaginal discharge duration. All of these three factors were positively associated with PVD. This study indicated that the duration of postpartum vaginal discharge can be predicted. Shortening the farrowing duration, which may reduce the NBD, lowering the rate of manual extraction can be some of the approaches to decrease the duration of postpartum vaginal discharge. Moreover, the results of this study suggested that suitable postpartum treatments such as antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs, and care should be provided to the sows with a high risk of prolonged postpartum vaginal discharge to shorten this period.","PeriodicalId":52153,"journal":{"name":"World''s Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43147748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-25DOI: 10.54203/scil.2022.wvj13
Ahmota Romain Daiba, J. Kagira, M. Ngotho, J. Kimotho, N. Maina
Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) significantly affect goats’ productivity, and thus farmers carry out regular deworming to manage the infections. The emergence of anthelmintic resistance and the high cost of current drugs call for the development of alternatives, including medicinal plant extracts. The current study aimed to assess the anthelmintic efficacy of chitosan encapsulated bromelain (EB) against a selected range of GIN affecting goats in Kenya. Bromelain was extracted using standard laboratory methods from peels of ripe pineapples and thereafter encapsulated with chitosan. The GIN eggs were isolated from goat feces using the flotation method and were then subjected to PCR to identify the species. Adult worms were collected from the gastrointestinal tract of goats slaughtered at the nearby Ruiru abattoir. The PCR showed the extracted strongyle eggs consisted of 7 species of nematodes, including Haemonchus contortus, Oesophagostomum spp., Nematodirus filicollis, Ostertagia ostertagi, Trichostrongylus vitrinus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, and Trichostrongylus axei. The in vitro assays showed that chitosan EB had an IC50 of 0.184 mg/mL, 0.116 mg/mL, and 0.141 mg/mL for the egg hatch inhibition, larval, and adult mortality assays, respectively. In all the assays, EB indicated better activity than non-encapsulated bromelain. The EB affected the eggs and worms through softening and embrittling the cuticle and shell as well as damaging the blastomeres and causing the death of the growing embryo. According to the results of the current study, EB has high anthelmintic activity on a large range of GIN and has the potential to contribute to the management of these parasites of small ruminants.
{"title":"In vitro Anthelmintic Efficacy of Nano-encapsulated Bromelain against Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Goats in Kenya","authors":"Ahmota Romain Daiba, J. Kagira, M. Ngotho, J. Kimotho, N. Maina","doi":"10.54203/scil.2022.wvj13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2022.wvj13","url":null,"abstract":"Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) significantly affect goats’ productivity, and thus farmers carry out regular deworming to manage the infections. The emergence of anthelmintic resistance and the high cost of current drugs call for the development of alternatives, including medicinal plant extracts. The current study aimed to assess the anthelmintic efficacy of chitosan encapsulated bromelain (EB) against a selected range of GIN affecting goats in Kenya. Bromelain was extracted using standard laboratory methods from peels of ripe pineapples and thereafter encapsulated with chitosan. The GIN eggs were isolated from goat feces using the flotation method and were then subjected to PCR to identify the species. Adult worms were collected from the gastrointestinal tract of goats slaughtered at the nearby Ruiru abattoir. The PCR showed the extracted strongyle eggs consisted of 7 species of nematodes, including Haemonchus contortus, Oesophagostomum spp., Nematodirus filicollis, Ostertagia ostertagi, Trichostrongylus vitrinus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, and Trichostrongylus axei. The in vitro assays showed that chitosan EB had an IC50 of 0.184 mg/mL, 0.116 mg/mL, and 0.141 mg/mL for the egg hatch inhibition, larval, and adult mortality assays, respectively. In all the assays, EB indicated better activity than non-encapsulated bromelain. The EB affected the eggs and worms through softening and embrittling the cuticle and shell as well as damaging the blastomeres and causing the death of the growing embryo. According to the results of the current study, EB has high anthelmintic activity on a large range of GIN and has the potential to contribute to the management of these parasites of small ruminants.","PeriodicalId":52153,"journal":{"name":"World''s Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47995302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-25DOI: 10.54203/scil.2022.wvj10
Hams Almohammed, Gader Abdulaziz Alhafiz, Fatema Hassan Alghatam, J. Hussen
Immunophenotyping of separated leukocytes is a common technique used to evaluate the changes in cellular immunity during clinical studies. For fixed cells or blood specimens infected with hazardous pathogens, cell fixation is performed before immunofluorescence. The impact of camel leukocytes fixation before staining on the reactivity of cell surface markers with monoclonal antibodies has not been investigated so far. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to compare cell staining of fixed and unfixed camel leukocytes with monoclonal antibodies to several cell surface antigens. Leukocytes were separated from camel blood and were fixed with paraformaldehyde (PFA) or left without fixation. Cells were labeled with monoclonal antibodies to several leukocyte antigens and the expression pattern of the antigens was compared between fixed and non-fixed cells using flow cytometry. The mean fluorescence intensity of each cell marker was calculated and compared between fixed and unfixed cells. Leukocyte fixation with PFA changed the binding activity of the monoclonal antibodies to CD163 and WC1 markedly, making it unable to stain any cell population. Although the cell staining efficacy of other molecules (such as CD14, CD172a, MHCII, CD11a, CD18, CD44, and CD45) was reduced, they were still able to define the target cells. The fixation-induced changes in the expression density of the analyzed monocytic markers may, however, lead to the misinterpretation of immunophenotyping studies of fixed monocytes or macrophages. Collectively, the obtained results indicated significant changes in the staining efficacy of monoclonal antibodies against several cell surface antigens of camel leukocytes, which should be considered when PFA-fixed cellular targets on camel leukocytes are to be analyzed.
{"title":"The Impact of Camel Leukocytes Fixation on Cell Count and Monoclonal Antibodies Reactivity in Flow Cytometry","authors":"Hams Almohammed, Gader Abdulaziz Alhafiz, Fatema Hassan Alghatam, J. Hussen","doi":"10.54203/scil.2022.wvj10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2022.wvj10","url":null,"abstract":"Immunophenotyping of separated leukocytes is a common technique used to evaluate the changes in cellular immunity during clinical studies. For fixed cells or blood specimens infected with hazardous pathogens, cell fixation is performed before immunofluorescence. The impact of camel leukocytes fixation before staining on the reactivity of cell surface markers with monoclonal antibodies has not been investigated so far. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to compare cell staining of fixed and unfixed camel leukocytes with monoclonal antibodies to several cell surface antigens. Leukocytes were separated from camel blood and were fixed with paraformaldehyde (PFA) or left without fixation. Cells were labeled with monoclonal antibodies to several leukocyte antigens and the expression pattern of the antigens was compared between fixed and non-fixed cells using flow cytometry. The mean fluorescence intensity of each cell marker was calculated and compared between fixed and unfixed cells. Leukocyte fixation with PFA changed the binding activity of the monoclonal antibodies to CD163 and WC1 markedly, making it unable to stain any cell population. Although the cell staining efficacy of other molecules (such as CD14, CD172a, MHCII, CD11a, CD18, CD44, and CD45) was reduced, they were still able to define the target cells. The fixation-induced changes in the expression density of the analyzed monocytic markers may, however, lead to the misinterpretation of immunophenotyping studies of fixed monocytes or macrophages. Collectively, the obtained results indicated significant changes in the staining efficacy of monoclonal antibodies against several cell surface antigens of camel leukocytes, which should be considered when PFA-fixed cellular targets on camel leukocytes are to be analyzed.","PeriodicalId":52153,"journal":{"name":"World''s Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44744788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clinical signs appear immediately or gradually in poisoned pets. Poisonous agents in pets, especially dogs and cats, have been reported to include human medications (acetaminophen), pesticides (organophosphate and carbamate), insecticides for veterinary use (ivermectin), and food (methylxanthines). The current study investigated the incidence of poisoning in dogs and cats residing in Rayong and Nakhon Ratchasima provinces as well as Bangkok, Thailand, during 2016-2020. The study found a total of 102 poisoned cases of dog and cat, including 58 dogs (56.86%) and 44 cats (43.14%). The poisoned dogs included 39 males (67.24%) and 19 females (32.26%), while poisoned cats consisted of 29 males (65.91%) and 15 females (34.09%). Poisoning was highly diagnosed in mixed breed dogs and domestic short-haired cats. The average age of poisoned dogs and cats was reported as 3.67 ± 1.92 and 3.02 ± 1.72 years, respectively. The most common poisonous agents found in dogs and cats were organophosphate-carbamate groups and acetaminophen. Tachycardia, hypersalivation, dyspnea, and facial swelling were the most common clinical signs observed in poisoned dogs and cats.
{"title":"Incidence of Clinical Signs in Poisoned Pets of Thailand: A Retrospective Study","authors":"Athip Lorsirigool, Y. Sudjaroen, Narong Kulnides","doi":"10.54203/scil.2022.wvj4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2022.wvj4","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical signs appear immediately or gradually in poisoned pets. Poisonous agents in pets, especially dogs and cats, have been reported to include human medications (acetaminophen), pesticides (organophosphate and carbamate), insecticides for veterinary use (ivermectin), and food (methylxanthines). The current study investigated the incidence of poisoning in dogs and cats residing in Rayong and Nakhon Ratchasima provinces as well as Bangkok, Thailand, during 2016-2020. The study found a total of 102 poisoned cases of dog and cat, including 58 dogs (56.86%) and 44 cats (43.14%). The poisoned dogs included 39 males (67.24%) and 19 females (32.26%), while poisoned cats consisted of 29 males (65.91%) and 15 females (34.09%). Poisoning was highly diagnosed in mixed breed dogs and domestic short-haired cats. The average age of poisoned dogs and cats was reported as 3.67 ± 1.92 and 3.02 ± 1.72 years, respectively. The most common poisonous agents found in dogs and cats were organophosphate-carbamate groups and acetaminophen. Tachycardia, hypersalivation, dyspnea, and facial swelling were the most common clinical signs observed in poisoned dogs and cats.","PeriodicalId":52153,"journal":{"name":"World''s Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45388761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-25DOI: 10.54203/scil.2022.wvj11
P. Parés-Casanova, A. Martínez-Silvestre
Body coloration of emydids can be triggered by different types of factors. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the changes in plastron color of Florida Red-bellied Turtle Pseudemys nelsoni (P. nelsoni Carr, 1938), an emydid of North America. In the current study, 15 (3 males and 12 females) fresh corpses of captive-reared adult specimens of P. nelsoni were analyzed using digital images as well as applying geometric morphometrics and color photo processing techniques. Plastron color had no relationship with size nor fluctuating asymmetry, which could be considered as a negative proxy for stress. Moreover, there were no significant differences between males and females in this regard. It can be suggested that reddish on plastron for P. nelsoni was highly related to feeding, compared to other external factors, such as age, size, or stress. In wild P. nelsoni populations, reddish plastral coloration was related to body size probably due to ontogenetic differences in the diet, as juveniles are omnivorous. Since adults are herbivores, reddish fading observed in the samples of the current study would be a mere expression of unnatural colors, which can probably be linked to unbalanced feeding. The results of the current research could contribute to the understanding of the ways color changes appear in captive turtles in response to differences in dietary access to carotenoids.
{"title":"Relationship between Plastron Color and Nutrition in Pseudemys nelsoni Carr, 1938","authors":"P. Parés-Casanova, A. Martínez-Silvestre","doi":"10.54203/scil.2022.wvj11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2022.wvj11","url":null,"abstract":"Body coloration of emydids can be triggered by different types of factors. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the changes in plastron color of Florida Red-bellied Turtle Pseudemys nelsoni (P. nelsoni Carr, 1938), an emydid of North America. In the current study, 15 (3 males and 12 females) fresh corpses of captive-reared adult specimens of P. nelsoni were analyzed using digital images as well as applying geometric morphometrics and color photo processing techniques. Plastron color had no relationship with size nor fluctuating asymmetry, which could be considered as a negative proxy for stress. Moreover, there were no significant differences between males and females in this regard. It can be suggested that reddish on plastron for P. nelsoni was highly related to feeding, compared to other external factors, such as age, size, or stress. In wild P. nelsoni populations, reddish plastral coloration was related to body size probably due to ontogenetic differences in the diet, as juveniles are omnivorous. Since adults are herbivores, reddish fading observed in the samples of the current study would be a mere expression of unnatural colors, which can probably be linked to unbalanced feeding. The results of the current research could contribute to the understanding of the ways color changes appear in captive turtles in response to differences in dietary access to carotenoids.","PeriodicalId":52153,"journal":{"name":"World''s Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43366271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-25DOI: 10.54203/scil.2022.wvj12
Danis Avrilia, H. Suprapto, B. Rahardja
Cantang hybrid grouper is the result of hybridization between female Macan grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) and male Kertang grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus). Hybrid fish have better performance in terms of growth, resistance to diseases, and tolerance to environmental factors, compared to the parents. One of the diseases that can attack fish is an infection induced by Streptococcus iniae (S. iniae), which is quite a dangerous bacterium since it can cause mass death of fish. The present study aimed to investigate the pathological changes of the brain and gill of Cantang hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and Epinephelus lanceolatus) infected with S. iniae. A total of 180 groupers from the Management Unit of Brackish Water Aquaculture, Situbondo, Indonesia, were included in the current study with a length of 7 cm. The experimental study was conducted using a complete randomized design, including three treatments and three repetitions for each one (n = 20). The main parameters to observe the histopathological changes in the fish internal organs, namely the gill and the brain at the beginning and the end of the study. Moreover, the supporting parameter was the water quality which included the temperature, oxygen content, pH, and salinity. Several observations including the pathogenicity test, Lethal Dosage 50 test, observation of clinical symptoms, and observation of histopathology were done during the treatment. The obtained results were indicative of the histopathology damages in the brain and gill tissues of the Cantag hybrid groupers infected with S. iniae. Different scores of lesions, infiltration, congestion, and degeneration were indicated in the brain tissue. Furthermore, the gill damages consisted of hyperemia, congestion, and infiltration. In conclusion, Cantang hybrid groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and Epinephelus lanceolatus) infected with S. iniae indicated the clinical symptoms, anatomical pathology, and histopathological changes.
{"title":"Evaluation of Histopathological Changes in Cantang Groupers’ Brain and Gill Infected with Streptococcus Iniae","authors":"Danis Avrilia, H. Suprapto, B. Rahardja","doi":"10.54203/scil.2022.wvj12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2022.wvj12","url":null,"abstract":"Cantang hybrid grouper is the result of hybridization between female Macan grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) and male Kertang grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus). Hybrid fish have better performance in terms of growth, resistance to diseases, and tolerance to environmental factors, compared to the parents. One of the diseases that can attack fish is an infection induced by Streptococcus iniae (S. iniae), which is quite a dangerous bacterium since it can cause mass death of fish. The present study aimed to investigate the pathological changes of the brain and gill of Cantang hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and Epinephelus lanceolatus) infected with S. iniae. A total of 180 groupers from the Management Unit of Brackish Water Aquaculture, Situbondo, Indonesia, were included in the current study with a length of 7 cm. The experimental study was conducted using a complete randomized design, including three treatments and three repetitions for each one (n = 20). The main parameters to observe the histopathological changes in the fish internal organs, namely the gill and the brain at the beginning and the end of the study. Moreover, the supporting parameter was the water quality which included the temperature, oxygen content, pH, and salinity. Several observations including the pathogenicity test, Lethal Dosage 50 test, observation of clinical symptoms, and observation of histopathology were done during the treatment. The obtained results were indicative of the histopathology damages in the brain and gill tissues of the Cantag hybrid groupers infected with S. iniae. Different scores of lesions, infiltration, congestion, and degeneration were indicated in the brain tissue. Furthermore, the gill damages consisted of hyperemia, congestion, and infiltration. In conclusion, Cantang hybrid groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and Epinephelus lanceolatus) infected with S. iniae indicated the clinical symptoms, anatomical pathology, and histopathological changes.","PeriodicalId":52153,"journal":{"name":"World''s Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46877140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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